VQLUME XXII                            February 15, 1946 - Grand Rapids, Miichigan                               NUMBER  .lO
                                          -
                                                                   Because you see the terrible example of those that
  MEDITAT-IOR  `1 were in the house of God Yesterday, and deplarted from ,
                                                                 .tihe living God . . . .
                                                                     .For such .is the coanection of &he tnvekfth verse, of
                                                                  the entire .exhortatiomr  in our bext : ;the wherefore #of the
      Todtiy's' N&d of Exhortation                                Seventh v&se intr,oduces it, .and al1 that lies between
                                                                 the wherefore of that verse and the` exhortation `oif verse
                  Take heed, brethren,.lest  there. be in any twelve  `is a parenthesis, supplying  thle contents  ,and
               <of you tin evil heart of ambeirn'ef, +n depafriimg meaning  of th'e wheref,ore,  pointing us to the ,dreadful
        :      from the living God. But exhort one another exampl,e  of those that w&e in th,e house of .God Yester-
               daily,  .while it is  call&$ Today; lest `any of day, abut in whom was foutid  .an evil heart of unbelief,
               you b'e hardened thkugh the deceitfubmess'qf and who were hardened through the deceitf,ulness  of
                                                                                              .
             _  sin.                           Heb. 3:12, 13.    ` s i n .
                                                                     Whereflore :
  _ Take heed!                                                       As the Holy Ghost saith, To day if ye tiill hear his
    While ,it is called TODAY !                                  ivoi.ce,  harden not your bea&, as ti the. Oprovocation,  .in
   -Pay very close  .attention,  be exceedingly  cincum- the :days oZ temptati,on  in the wilderness: when your
spect, watch your every step, :be careful how yo.u hear,          fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw, my works .
what you speak, whither you go! And thatch and ex- forty years. Wher,ef?re  I was grieved with that gener-
hort  on,e another constantly!                                    ation, and said, They do &ways  err in, their hearts ; and
    For, ebbi-ethmen, `we are in the hou,se of God, and over      they  ,,have  n,ot  known  my ways. So I sware in my
that house-.nombe  less than th'e Soli `of Gold1  ,is appointed wrath, They shall nlot enker into qy rest . . . . .-
Lord and High priest.  He is  the Son  ,over His  lotwn              Tiherefore,  since Told&y ye have $ef,ore you the ter-'
house, far more  gllorlons than  eveti  M,oses, so  much IribPe  example ,of Yesterday . -. . .
more honorable, .in fact, as he that tbuilded  -the house            Since you see how dreadful  it .is f.o,r the flesh to be
has more honor than the house!                                    iln .the house ,of `the Son of God as it .is established
   -And it is still  T,oday !                                     Tod,ay . . . .
    And while it is Today, we cannot afford to live` in              If you will heair~  his voic&, harden not your .h&rt !
the house iarelessly,  as if all~were  well? just bacause  we        Baware ! Take heed ! Walk ciycumslpectly  !.
are in.the hous`e  of the Son od God 3,s it is established           .Work `out your own salvati,on with fear .&,nd %pern-.
in the wlorld.  `On the contrary, ther!e still is much flesh     Ming!        -
in this house of God, Not all are Israel that are of                 Atid exhort *one another daily !
I.srael$.  AmId even those that are really Israel are not            While it is Today!
wholly spiritual, but largely earn&. And nowhere does
the wrath (of God burn n&e fiercely aglainst  the atti-
ttidfe and works of the flesh thaln  B&e, in the house
of His Son . . . .                                                   T a k e   h e e d ! .
    `rake heed, therefore, lest- there be in ,any of you I For  you  are in the house of God!
thtat evil manifestation ,of the fles$ that is highly ,dis- ;        And the Lord-of this house, that ,is appointed over
pleaSiti!g t'o the Lord !                                        all its economy an@ activity, with Whom, the&ore, in
- Wherefore  _. . . .                              .             tha;t;  house pe have to dq ,is $hc $9~ of @a 1


                                                                                                            P


      2 1 8                          /    I  .THE  S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R

         101n this falls all the .emphasis, as is pbin (from  the wholly perifected  and cleansed in life eternal, amonlg
      context. Ye,  haly  :brethren,  p,&tak&s  of  ihe  heavenly .the assembly ,of the klect !
      calling, must consider, must Ihave regard ;t~, the .apostle        Bl,e&ed Voice of  the  ISon of God!
      aand high prie& of our p$es#ion,  Christ Jesus. For,                 Blessed, because It speaks of ^unspeakabl,e bliss and
      in this ,on& respect, he -is .co$#i+able bo Moses, the great glory !
      mediator <of the .old' dispe;l'@tional  bous6 of God,. that        Blesied,  because It  -sp,eaks with  po!wer,   arnrd  with-
      He was  iyholly faithful to  -<him that  appointc,d  him. authority. It .realizes  what it expresses, It does -what
      But, as to the rest, )He is f&-h'oEe- &tious than Moses. ,it declares, It fulfills -what it promises, sovereignly,
      Moses, after ,all,. though, fair a tiame,. he `was appointed freely,  unconrdliti~onally. It never fails! It cannot  )be
      over the typical house .of God, ibelolnged to, was part of made  ,of  nofne effect! His faithfulness is not  put  ,to,
the house God built. But this man, Christ Jesus, is the caught,  not even by the unfaithfulness ,of men !
      Son. He is *he builder ,of the house. .He is worthy of               But heapken !
      SO  mu&  mofe  honor.  Than Noses, as  "the who hath                 %&or ZZe still speaks! ExactJ.y  on  &he  lbasis of His
      builded the h,o.use- hath more honor than the house." -gloriou&  `promises of salvation, t.hrougjh the very ,power
      `Moses was a servant, He, however, is bhe Lon.3. ' moses _ oif them, as the fruit and manifestation  ,of their realiza-
      was only a steward ; but in Chirist Jesus you stand ,in ti,on, He  conDin!es  to address those that  dwell in His
      direct contact with the Lord, the Son over .His own h o u s e .                                                                _
      house. `The .house is His !                                          He procl&ns the ,o'cher part!
          That  hause is His Church!                                       Ylour part !
 0       It is -God's ,&sly ,celvenant.  of friendship, according to       The part .unto the which you are not only o,bligated,
      which He dwells With His people under one roo$, .opens ~ibut also enabled through the realization of .His zpart,
      -to them -His beart, makes Himselif -and .a11 the mysteries the establishment aild perf,e,ctioq  `of His eternal cove-
      jof l3s counsel o-f -salva$ion  known urn%%% -them,.  is their nant ,with pou.
      .frien+sovereigm,  and they are &Iis people, His friend-             And of this part the  Voi.ce -in the house of God
      servan%s,  >called  out  ,of  ,da&ness  into His  mauve&us speaks constantly also: Love the Lord thy `God', width
      light, in order -that %hey -shotild  *be-a kingrom of priests, a11 thy heart, and with all thy mi!nd, and with al4 thy
      `wh&y oonsecrated unto Him, and showing forth, iinl all soul, and with all  t,hy strength; trust  Jin Him  ,com-
      their conversation and walk ~XX the midst :of this world, pletely, put all your cor&idenee  in Him `o&y ; forsake
^. H,is marvellous praises ! .And %hel bui1,de.r  .of this `house the world?, crucify your old mature, fight .+he good fight
      is God ZIimself,  Tepr-esen&d  by His Son, iesus Christ, of faith even unto the end, ,walk in a new and holy life !
      -the absolute L,ord  ,over  His own house.                           Take hee.d !
          Hence, always, -in- that house, ,the ,Voice of -the SOD          Beware, lest you; deceitful flesh  induce you to
      `of ,God'is heard !                                               imagine that you .really lheard  the first part, ai?d that,
        Take heed,  ,that ye refuse Him pot that  speaketh              therefore, all is wela ;. but that, having heard it, yo.u
      in &he house of God !                                             turn away ~OLW .ear from the second part . . . .
          He speaks, the glorious. Lord ! .As ye live in that              Today, $f yen will Thea? His Voice, hardem,  not y0u.r
      house, $0~ live in -the -sphere &here that Voice is con- heart !
      stantly heardI!                                                      Attend unto the Voice !
          -He speaks  `of salvation, of blessed  promises,   `of
      glorious blenefits oif .gracei-  %hich -He bestows, ,by sover-
      eign good pleasure, upon the dw&ers  in i&s $ouse.
      For, this Lord over -His owm~ house speaks in Cihe name              Exhort one another!
      ,of +he Triune, Who doeth .a11 His good pleasure. He                 Taking heed unto yourselves, also admo&h. `onle
      proclaims that God the F*atjher  establishes an eternal an&her  in. the house of  *he Son of God,  where  `the
      covenant of grace with  tthe  im,dwellers of that  ho,use, Voilce .iS constantly heard !
      adopts them for His chiidren'and heirs, cares for them,              Constantly, daily, `exhort tonle another, while it is
      leadIs them, averts aU *evil ,or turns it to their profit.        oall& Today !
      `He assures His people that the Son washes t.hem in                   So admonish one another that, as fmar as you can -
      His  Oblood, incorporating them into the fel%o:wship of ascertaim:,  there is not found among you  anyonle   in.
      His death aQ,d resurrection, so that they are $re&d from whom there is an evil heart (of Lmbelief,  and +hat none
      all their sins; and are forevei-  rimghteous before God, of yowl be hardened through the deceikfulness  of sin !
      heirs of eternal life. He promises  them that His Spirit             An evil heart of unbelief is simply a wicked,
      will dwell in them,. apply unto It:hem all the bl'essimrgs        unbelieving heart.  The heart is the very center
      of salvation ein Christ, a,ctually  make them chijdren of o$  ,a!1  ouir life from an `ethical "spiritual  view-
      God and heirs .of eternal salvation, .sanctify them, pre- po;nt . ` `In an ethical sense  ,it  .is that from the
      serve them even -unto -the Fnd, until they shall &ppear           heart are  the  I~suea   ,of  1if.e.  ,A `heart of unbelief is


                                       T H E ,   STANDARD.  BEAR'ER,,:,                                                  219

a heart that is motivated by unbelief v&h relation to ,over  the house `oif God, in your personal fellowship and
the Voice that is heard in the house of God. And un- ,contact,  with ,one another . . . .
.bl&ef is not a certain intellectual doubt, "honestt'; $no-          Let your daily exhortations, in the servilce  `of the
cent i.n .its helplessness ; but is rebellion against the liv- Voice, be such.that n'o one with an evil. heart of unbelief
,ing God, enmity against the Most High, conscious and be known in your communiion, that no one be permitted
wilful rejectioinl  )of the W,ord ,of God. Unbehef is, there- to become hardened through the deceitfulness of sin
fore, .disobe@ience,  the wilful transgression of the law, in the house `of the Son of God!!.
that inner dis.position  of the heart tin virtue oif which one       By your .dtaily ,exhortations,  through the power `of
despises aed tramples under foot the holy things of the V'oide, the fornicator in God's house must kither
God's covenant. Hence, it is evil, and ,it manifests it- repent or `be expelled !                                               -3
sel:f in seeking and striving after evil things, after the           The matter is ex.tremely  serious !
fheshpots ,of Egypt; the treasures a&d pleasures of sin,,            Take heed, therefore! Be constantly on the alert
the lust ,of the flesh, and the lnst of the eyes, a,nd the aglainst  any manifestations ,of the flesh !
pride  (of life-.  ; . .                                             And exhort ,one another!                      .
    Take heed, lest there should ble f,ound any such onfe,
revealing an evil heart of unbelief in de,part.ing from
the living God!
    And; be  dillgent in  ,daily  ~exhortati~on, lest in the         T'oday !                                            . .
house ,of God any shoul,d be hardened Iby the deceitful-             While it is called TODAY !`
ness of sin!                                                         0, let you,r deceitful~ heart not -corrupt the naked
    ,O, ~especially in the house of God, sin is extremely         truth <of this tremendous word : T,oday !
subtle in its approach, deceitful in its devious ,ways, so           Let the 8deoeitfulness  of your f,lesh not induce you
that, before youare even aware oif it, you become hard- to  d'eprive  th,is word  ,oif its deep  seriouseess.  Do- not  ?
.ened to thle Voi,ce! Fo:r, in the house of God, the V'oice understand it to si,gnify that, after ,alil, you have a day,
is heard. And because that V.oice is heard there is `a and aJ1 through yoz~y day it matters little what your
d,eeply penetrating judgment, ,distinguishing the. light attitude toward the Voice may be, as long as you finally
from the  Id'arkness,  and implacably condemning the heed ,it, before evening, and before the night `of death
latter. When you sin in that  hotuse, you sin  ital the sp:reads its bosribble  wings `over your earthly existence.
bright light of  t:hat all discerning Voice. Hence, sin              Today  definitely does not mean-: "accept Jesus,
is .doubly deceitful. When, in the house ,of ,God; your please, before it is too late !"
.flesh lusts * after sin, and you feel that the particular           `On the c&trary, ev,ery ,moment ,of `today it is too
evil after  wh'ich you lust,  can  lbae  oommitted   `only in late to disobey the Voi,ce! Zodaw refers to this  eritine
the exposing light ,of th,e Voice, siln is ready to offer a       new dispensation,  aad that, too, in  Idi~stiaotion from
thousand ,excuses  ! It `whispers to your deceit-loving .. Yesterday, aid the dny befo??e Yestenlay. There- was,
fleshly nature, th!at, after all, "it is not so bad," or that a. Day &bef'ore the flood : at that time it was Today, and
`!&hers. d'o the same thilnlg, and much worse," ,or "that the Voice spoke : "Today, harden not yonr heart." The.re
you are not' yet perfect, and that it, is to Be excused if was a Day ,of Abraham, of Moses, in the desert, in the
JWLI yield to infirmiti,es  soif the flesh," ,or that "you ,can~ ,lan.d ,of Canaan ; and always it was To.day; and always             .
not go out ,of. the world, that you must live, and main- the Voice spoke : "Today, if ye will hear  J3is Voice,
tain yo,ur positon, even if it means that you Icieny the ahard!en  [not your heart. And still it is Today. But
faiI5h" . . . .                                                   .Today all things have been fulfilled. The shadows have
   .And, bef,ore you kno& it, giving heed to these de- fled away, the dawn oif reality is .come. And with in-
4ceitful-arguments  of sin, you rbecome hardened.,                creasing emphasis, with new seriousness,. the Voice eow
    At first, you  &arly heard the  Vloice,  and, dis-speaks : ."Love  the Lord your God, orulcify the flesh,, for-
regarding it, you were filled with fear iand tnemblirng.          sake the world, harden not your jheart as in the Provo-
Then, graduahy, as you .continued to walk lin your evil cation !"
way, it seemed as if the Vloice did not speak so definitely          That ,means, too, that it is not yet. T6mforrow, the *
any more, was silenced) left you in peace . . . .                 Day of final and glorious perfection! Tomorrow, you
    You are ibeing hardened: ,O, dreadful, aml inescap- -need take lzeed and exhort oinie another no morel
able judgment of the Voice!                                          But Today, there is still much flesh in the house
    Exhort  #one another daily, lest this should happen to .of God as it is manifest ;in the work-l.
anyone ,of .you !                                                    H,ence, while it is called  Tjoday,  and it is not To-.
    Let your voilce be loonstantly in the  exclnsive ser- morrow, take heed !
vice of the Voice !         Exhort one another incessantly,          Lest the flesh ,oorrupt  the house `of the Son !
thr#ou.gh the preaching ,of the Word, in t,he catechism              Exhort one another!
room, through t-he official admonitions of the watchm,en                                                         H.H.,`:                   -


2 2 0                                                                                                              T H E   STANbARD  BEAR,ER


                                         The  Standard  Be&r                                                                                                                            :
                             SemiiMonthly, except Monthly  in July and Aug&                                                                                                             ":    --3HlITORIALS                                                          -
                                                                           Published -by
                                   The -Reformed Free Publishing Association
                                                           1463 Aramore  St., S. E.                                                                                                 The Conclusions and The A-Group
                                                     EDITOR'- Rev. H. Hoeksema                                                                   )

          Contributin,g  Editors:-Rev. G. M.  O.phoff, Rev. G.  VOB,  Rev.                                                                                                              That the editor ,of The Banner revealed a serilous
          R. Veldman, Rev. H. Veldman, Rev. H. De Wolf, Rev. B. Kok, lack `of understanding ,of the whole situation in the
.. Rev. J. D. De Jong, Rev. A. Petter, Rev. C. Hanko,  Rev::  L.
          Vermeer, Rev. G. Lubbers, Rev. M. Gritters, Rev. J. A. Beys,                                                                                                              Netherlands when he wrote that th'e Christian Reform-
          Rev.  W. Hofman.                                                                                                                                                          ed Churches (Church, according to him), by adoptirnlg
            Communications relative to contents should be addressed                                                                                                                 the Conclusions of Utrecht, took a stand: oor~trcmrj  to
          to REV. H. HOEKSEMA, 1139 Franklin St., S. E., Grand                                                                                                                      Hey.ns, !we proved, not by way ,of sophistic argumenta-
          Rapids,  Mi,chigan.                                                                                                                                                       tion ,or specitous reasoning, but by the following his-
            Clommunications  relative to subscription should be addressed                                                                                                           torical facts: .
          to MR. GERRIT PIPE, 1463 Arbor-e St., S. E., Grand Rapids,
          Michigan. All Announcements, and Obituaries must be sent                                                                                                                      1. The  A&  Synodi  ,1908  plai&ly reveal  th'at  the
          \`o the above -address and will aot be placed unless the regular                                                                                                          Conclusions  #of  Utnecht  were not  meonsi,dered   to be a
          fee of `$1.00 accompam.es  the notice.                                                                                                                                    ,definite  stat,ement  ,of doctrine coulitrary  to Beyns,  but a
                                         (.Subscription  price $2.50 per year)                                                                                                      compromise declaration in which all `could acquiesce.
          Entered as Second Class mail at Grand Rapids, Michigan.
     D                                                                                                                                                                                  2. That same Synod of 1908 appointed Heyns pro-
                              ;                                                                                                                                                     ifessor  ncl  vitnm  (fo,r life), by an  ,almost  unanimous
                                      :                                                                               ._.                                                           vote; and that, too, in spite `of the fact that they were
           d.:_                                                                                               I                                                                     well acquainted with his oovenant  *views.                         IHe had
           x:                                                           CONTENTS .                                                                                                  taugjht these views already for some years in the
                 . .                                                             `?          -,             (.                                                                      Theological School ; and ,had fully expounded them in
 MiZDLTATION                                         -                 _-              1            ,.             <;;'                                                             the early numbers .of "De Gerefo~mee+de Aineriloaani."
ToDAY NEED O F EXHOR TATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217                                                                            This appointment proves : j._
                 Rev. H. Hoeksema                                                                                                                          -                            (1). That the Synod had Icomplete  confidence in the
                                                                                                                                                                                    teachings of Heyns : they appointed him for life'!-.
EDITORIALS                                                        -                                 _
                                                                                       .-                                                                                               (2). That the Synod felt convinced that H,eyns sub-
THE CONCLUSI'ON AND THE A-GROUP ..: . . . . . . . . . . . . z . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220                                                                                         z&ribed to the Conclusions <of Utrecht.
F,Rti,EDOM FROM CONDEMNATION . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  !222
EXBoSITION  OF THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM . . . . . . . . . . . 223                                                                                                                       (3). That Heyns- himself actually subscribed to
           R            e     v        .             H            _Hoeksema                                                                                                         them: he accepted  .the appointment.                          ,
~GREGORY VII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..226        S. Heyns (belonged prirncipally to. whlat. was ,known
THE CANONICAL  SIGNIFIC~ANiCE  OF THE BOOK OF                                                                                                                                       as the A-group in the Netherlands. Even in the .Nether-  Y
RUTH . . . . ;.:...; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 lands he  ,was plainly  -reoognized  as such. Prof.  HI::
                               .,-  -                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .-  .-'  I_
                   Rev. G. M.  Ophoff                                                                                                                                               Bouwman (A) recommended h.ighly his `~Gereformeer~-
                                                                                                                                                                                    de  6elooEsleer." The Rev.  Von.kenberg  (B)j  i&the
IN~DO.CTRINATI!ON                                           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..a........ :...231 "Gereformeerd.   Jchgelingsb8tcccl",.   condemnedYt   -as~&i~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .__            .-.-;'
                   Rev. J. D. De Jong                                                                                                                                               `R&ormed.
FROM HOLY WRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233                      4. Tjhe Conclusions of Utrecht 1'995 vvere. coln&derY:.-
.                  Rev. G, Lubbers                                                                                                                                                  ed by the A-group in the Netherlands.`& ~expressing  ::
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   _             _ _
                                                                                                                                                                                    themselves in their favor, and ratheroontrary  to.. the. -.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             . .  :.  _
PERISC>OPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236"extreme, B-view%s.                             ;  ._  ._
                   Rev. L. Vermeer                                                                                                                                                     All these grounds for my contention f&W&ie  `edit&"
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*... 238" #of The Banner fails to  understaiX"the- siG%ti&~~are
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ._~  _..._
                        Mr.J:J.H.  --                                                                                                                                               simply historical f&ts which the Rev. H. J. Kuiper  can
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  _~...  _
                                                                                                                                                                                    nlever  contradilot. If his Chu~rchlies !( &ii&h,- accord&g
 W&HTER:   pVAT  IS  E,R VAN DEN  NAC.HT?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  246 to him) mean t,o follow the his&&al line-they. cannot--
                        Mr. J. H. Hoekstra                                                                                                                                                                                       . .  _,.
                                                                                                                                                                                    possibly conr?emn  the LiberatedChur&es-m thk:Nether-`:'
                                                                                                                                                                                    lands, nor -agree with the -&&id-  of ~he`Sy&dii%& that -.


                                                                                :     a
                                    .THE  S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                             221  '
                                           . .    -
leaves no room for the  ;Heynsian conception. of the- a cornpromise than the first; yet, the warning against
covenant.                                                     extremes was chiefly meant for the B-group.           The
                                                              dedaratilon  favors the A-group.
    But holw about the dogmatical line?                         Concerning the question of mediate or immediate re-
    Were the men of the A-group, perhaps, in error geneirationj the Synod ,declared : 1. That the term "imi
when they. interpreted the Conclusions of Utrecht as mediate regeneration" can be un.derstood iin a :good  sense
favoriing  their view ?                                       as meaning that-neither the preaohing of the W,ord nor
    They wlere not;                                           the Sacraments in themselves work regeneration, but
    Far from ta-king  a stand "c~o~nitrary to Heyns" and that this is wrought by the almighty operation of the
the Adbrethren in the Netherlands, these Conclusions Holy Spirit; 2. That ,this operation `of the Holy Spirit,
def%tely  favor them, and their general tendency is however, may not be divorced from the preaching--.of
sr~$ that they raise a warming finger and administer a the Woe&;  and that, although ,ti~ the case of infants the
mild rebuke to the extremists ,olf the supralapsariaun:  or C,onfessions  do not express themselves as to the manner
B-group. TBat this is true the editor, of The Banner of their  r,egeneration,  the gospel is a  polwer  ,of God
knows very well. Olr did he foirget that the Synod! of u,nto salvation, and i,n the case ,of adults, the regenerat-
ihe .Christian Rtef armed  ,Churches  ( Chur,ch,  according i.ng operation  .of the Holy Spirit accompanies the
to Kuiper), that  aclopted the fundamentally Heynsian preaching of the `Word; 3. That, in regard to the ques-
Three Points, appealed to those same C&elusions of tion, whether regeneration is wr,onght  .$ti the world of
Utrecht against *ou.r allegedly one-sided views?              heathendom,  apart  flrom the  preeching of the Word,
    0, h'ow plain it is that the historical" line of the nothing can be said,  an,d we must  Ieave the things
Christian .Refornied Churches (Church, according to that are hidd.en to the Lord. This declaration definitely
Kuiper) is fundamentally Heynsian !                           favors.the  A-group..
    But let us take a Irook.  now at these Conclusions to        Now we come  to the last of the Conclusions, that
ascertain w~het,her  they actually favor the A-group and concerning- presupposed regeneration.
the Heynsian conception `of the covenant.                        But let us, at this point, ask the question, whether,
    They expressed themselves on t,he fohowing ques-
                                      I                       in view of the plain fact that the preceding three de-
tisons :                                                      clarations are rather to1eran.t toward the B-group -or
    Infralapsarianism (A) and Supralapsarianism (B) . supralapsarians, lbut definite1.y in favor of the A-group
    Justi.fi&ion by faith, in  time (A)  anI3 Eternal or infralapsarians, it i,s probable that the Conclusions,
Justification (B) .                                           in their last declaration, depart from this A-line, and
    Mediate Regen!eration  (A) an.d I&mediate Rlegener-       adopt the view orf the B-group in *regard to presupposled
ation        (B).                                             rlegeneration?
    Baptism  ,on the ground of the Promise (A) and               T'o,ask  the question is to answ.er  it.
Presupposed Regeneration (B)..                                   B,ut let us look at this last declaration a little more
    In regard to the first question, that of SupraL and closely.
Infrala@sarianism, th,e Synod of Utrecht  1905 declared :        Its opening sentence reads as foll.ows : "And, finally,
1. That the .Refa,rmed  Confessi,ons are mfralapsariall:;     as regards the fou,rth point, that of presumed yegenera-
`2; That the Reformed Churohes always left room .for          7%~ (,onderstelde  wedergeboorte)  , the Synod @eelares
the Supra conception, and that, t:her,efore,  the brethren that,  aocoarding  to the Confession of our Churches
that favor this view must not be  troubl:ed:   .3. That,      (mark you w'ell, here the Christian Reformed-"Synod
however, in preaching and teaching, extremes should in 1908 adopt,ed  the term "Churches"; yet, Church it
ble avoildled, an,d one should abide by what the Confes- must be, according to Kuiper, H.&I.), in virtue of the
sions teach.         Briefly : the supralapsarians coukl be promise of God; the seed of the covealant must be loon-
tolerated, but let them be careful! This point was si,dered  (te houden is v,oor) as regenerated a,nd san&i-
definitely in favor #of the A-group.                          fied! in Christ, until; as they grow up, the opposite ap-
   O;!n the question concerning ,eternal  justXcatilonj the pears from their doctrine or walk."
Synod. declared : I. That the term "eterna1  justifioa-          Now, did not the Synod, in this st'atement adopt
tion" is not found in the Confessions; 2. That, on that `the doctrine of presu$pposed  or presumed or presump-
aooodnt,  the doctrine of eternal justifi,cation  need not tive  rtegeneration?  According to  th,e  Syntod   of'utrecht
be condemned::% That we a11 believe that Christ was 1942, as is evident from the  "Prae-advies" and the
made surety for  `H.is people in the  %ovenant  ,od  re- "Toelicht~ing," they did: The  editpr  <of The Banner
d:emption," and that, t.hrough His suffering and death, agrees with this. Persanally, I w#oul,d never `subscribe
He reconciled us with Go@; but that it is in harmony to an ambiguous statement like this, for the sake of
with the Word of ;God and the Confessions to maintain eiff,ecting  a compromise. XYet,, the A-group were right
that one is justified by faith -only; 4. That extremes when they denied that. the doctrine of presumptive re-
on both &g mu@- beavoided, ?I!$ pi& is g-ggr~ gf generation was adopted by this statement? even though


                                           a     '
222                                     ~THE-SI~NDARD  BEAREE

the stiatement  was open'to misinterp:ret@ion. ThjS wil.1 pr@  the. opening  sentenoe  as teaching.  prestimptive
be evid'ent from the foll,oviiing oqsideraticons.               regeneration.
       The do~&$e  `of presump.t@e  regeneration _as taught        And herewit.h I close my reply to the editor of The
by Dr. A. I<uyFer and his follower,s  i_n those days, pro- Banner, fro; the time being.
peeded frbm a  ce+in  conieepti'on  of the  sacranienlts.          I sincerely hope and trust  ;.that he may  see  sind
Acoording to this view; sacraments sealed actually pre- acknowledge his errolr, not +or any personal reasons,
sent, internal grace. Hence, wherever grace was -not but for the truth% sake.                               `._
present in the heart, there coul'd be no sacramen;t. Ap-           When one dccupies the responsible positilon  of &itor
plieid' to the ibaptism  ,of infants, this meant th'at. there of an ,official church-paper, he ought to acqutiint him:
could be no real baptism, unless there were, in the self thoroughly  w$h the material about which he
heart  -of the infant that  `was baptized,  the internal writes, before he attempts to instruct others about it.
grace of the power of faith or regeneration.  Hlence,              And this,. in my. opinion, the editor of The Banner
infailt .baptism presupposed :r,egeneration  in the heart failed" to do.          _                         .
od the  infant.                                                                           0                      H. H.  '
       The opening  stateinent  of the fourth  co&lusion,
however, states something entirel,y !different. It speaksj
not of a do'ctrine of presupposed regefi,eration,  but of ,a                                           .
judgment ,of love. This judgment of love means &at;
unless in their doctrine or walk they-show the o,pposite:            Free~~rnFrorn~~~dern~~~~~n
all the members ,of the C,hur;ch irn: the world must be                     0
considered as true children ,of God, and addresse& and                                 (Continued)
treated as such. Now, of infa&s we know,. not that                 Secoqdly, these w'ords take us to the Mness  of time,
they are regenerated, ,but only the pnomise `of God. to the incarnation of the Son of God, .to His suffering
They cannot yet reveal whether ,or n'ot t&y are regener-        and death on the accursed tree, to His resurrection ati*
abed. Seeing, then, thit tie ha% nothing concerning exalkation  at the right hand of God. For that Son of
them `but the promise of God, we must, accordhnlgl  to the God, W,ho $roti ,e$eTnity  was .ordained to be the Rlepre-
same judgment of love that is applied to the adults,. sentative amYHead of His people was sent of the Father
consider them  as. such. This jddgment of l,ovej thene- into the 8wo@d,  and assumed our fleslh and blood, came
`fore, was not based on <any theory concerning bap$ism in the l.iken;ess of sinful flesh. He-,came into ,our state.
and  initernal  grace, but on  the promise of  God only.        He took the position. of si,nners  in the jLidgment d God.
(See f.or a similar ex$an'ation  of this "houden ;\oor" 411 our iniqu,ities Goid' imputed to and loailed upon Him,
G. ,Algra, "Zand in de Greppel," p. 31).'                       and He assumed the responsibility for them voluntaJrily.
       This view of the meaning of the opening statement And in that position He voluntarily assumed the burden
of this fourth' declarati50in  is oornoborated by the state-    of Go,d's wrath against sin, -went to the pla,ce of judg-
ments that  f,ollo?iv  it. They may  .be  look,e$d  upon as ment? died the accursed death elf the cross, poured out
limitations and fexpl,anations  of the brst sentenlce. And His lifeblood u,nrto  deabh as a safrifice  for sin, descended
unless the interpretation of "houden voor", "consider- even ,intu th!e Id'a.rk,ness-  of the desolation of hell, wil.ling-
e5 as  regene?ated,?  as given above is adopted, the ly,  .voluntarily, in love `to  bhe Father; and thus  He*
fourth of the C~onclusi~otis w.ould knivolve ,us in hopeless brought the sacrifice ,of atolnlement  anld reconci18iation,
contrsdi&ioins.     These limiting statements may (briefly      blotted out till our sins,, removed the' sentence of .con-
be summarized as follows,:                                      demnation +hat was -against us, and .l~btai:nled  -for us
       1. The ground of baptism is the .promise and th:e perfect and levierlasting  righteousness. And God' raised
cornmzind  ,of God, not -presumptive regeneration.              ,Him from the ,dead, and exalted Him $0 highest glory
  `2.  The  judeent  af  love mentioned in the  first- at His own  r,ight hand. And in that resurrection of
sent,eece *does not metin that each child is t,ruly .regener- our  Lord Jesus Christ, the Head of all  Bis  town, we
ated.                                                           have God's own  v&diet,  upon Him and His  peoplte:
       3.  Sacramenrts   abe  visi.ble signs and seals of an there i,s no ,co.ndemnationl ! T,here  is no sondemnation
invisilble,  internal reality.    Baptism  tobsignates and for t,hem that are in Christ Jesus, because through His
seals the washing away of sins, etc. as benefits whleh perfect -sacrifice God Himself removed %he cause and
God bequeathed, (.geschonken  heeft) oin us an.d our seed. *ground of their condemnation, and prepared  for them
       4. ,God regenerates our chil,dren  ;bef,ore, during, or a perfect and everlasting righteoasness.
after baptism, according to ,His sovereign good plea-             Thir,dly, theee w&ls imply that marvellous ,work -of
sure. That each elect child is (regenerated bmefore bap- God's sovereign grace  &her+eby He  in&&s  us.  into
tism cannot be proved.                                          Christ Jesys, s'o that we become one body with Him.
       Esp&ially this last l.imitation, proposed at the time For it is by  faith  *hat  -we  .sre  ingrafted'  into Christ
by Prof. Lindeboom,  makes it q&e impossible $I inter- J;esus, And'  fait& too,  is.  j&e-  wor$qf  !I$$s..gracq,


                                                         THE-  S T A N D A R D   BEARE-R                                                                223

      His gift to  U.S. For by grace  are ye saved,  bhrough
      faith, and  tha,t  not  df yourselves: it is the gift of                      THE: TRIYEE                                     VVLEDGE
      God.  Ep?i. 2  :8.               `.  `_
            And by faibh' we ire in Christ in a twofold sens'e.
      First of all, it is throu&faiih  that we Ibecome  member
      of the ,l,egal  corporation of which Christ is the repred                   An Exposition Of The Heiddberg
      sentative Head, instead ,of which IHe died and rose                                                   Catechism
      again, and for the which Hje obtained everlasting right-
 .eousness  arl?ld life.  It-is  by. faith that we know and                                                     Part Two.
      are certain of `our belonging to Him- with body- and                                             Of Man's Redemptio!
      soul,  i:ili life and in  deatih;  that~we are His and  tliat~
      He is pesponsib1.e folr us also before the tribunal of Go.d.                                       Lord's Day XVIII.
      It is by faith bhat we- lay hold *on God's own sentence                                                         3. .              .--,
      of  justificat&n  in the  d,eaDh  an;d  resurrection  of our                        -    The Blessing's O,f Christ's Ascenssion.
      Lord Jesus Christ from the dIea&  It is- by faith that
      we appropriate the words of our texit as our own, &.d                       y In answer to the  questiron:  "Of  ,what.  advantage  to
      that we triumph ,over the condemning sentence of OUT us is Christ's ascension if&o heaven?" the Catechism
      o'wn conscience, .and (of all onr% experience, aed #say :                  mentio!ns  n th.reef,old  benefit resulting from the glorifi-
      there is tie con&mnation for me, flos I am in Christ cati,on of our Lord for the Ch.urah on earth :' He is our
      Jes,us! Therefore being justified  `out of faith, we (have                 advocate in the p,resence  df His Father in heaven; His
      peace wi,bh God through our Lo?d  Jesus Christ!                            presence in heaven is, to us, a pledge of our future
                                                                                 gl:odficati.on;  and. from His heavenly :glory He send us
             And, s&ndly,. by -that same fait+, implanted into His Spirit ai an earnest,oso that, p@incipally, we are
      our- hearts by the Spirit of God, we also live *out ,of                    with /Him, in heaven, and seek the things which are
      Christ in newness of life, ,& all our .w!alk and cbinversa- above .by the power of that Spirit. '
      tion.inl tie mi'd`st of the 8wolrl,d. That is why the apostle
      can a-d&Y- "that walk not after the flesh, bu.t after the                          A few words  .must be  saii &bout each of these
      Spirit." Sifi hat11 no more  dominion over them, .and spiritual bl,essimgs.
      this becomes manifest in their walk. And thus they                                 That Christ is our advocate in the presence of the
      become assured' ;of their (being i.n C?nrist; and ,of their Fatlzicy  in h!e,aven is a truth th,at stlands closely related
      b,eing free from  conilid'emnation.                Clinging by -faitih to to  Iwhat Scripture calls His intercession. About this
      Christ as the Go6 `of kheir-salv&.ion,  aald being justified intercession of our High Priest we wrote' in ,our .expo-
      by +hat gaith, and tialking in newness of life, not ac- sition of the twelfth .Lou%Ys Day, the thitiy first ques-
      cording  t.o Dbe flesh,, but according to. the Spirit of tion, in &nnkction  with the-name Christ an'd the offices
      Christ, they are assured. of rightedusness in tihe midst elf  ,our  Saviour: We need not repeat here  ,what was
      of sin,. .of IGod's %ondr,ous favor i.n the midst of ,wra$h,               said in that connection. *
      of eternal life  ,aqd glory in the midst  o,f death and                            -However, although the ideas of advocate and inter-
      shade ! They. know that there is nlo condemaiation  for cessor ar,e closely related, they m,ay also be distinguish-
      them for ever and ever!                      -                             ,ed.
                                                                     H. H.               The  fortier is a more  specific'+zl  limited  notion
      I,                                                                         than the latter. An intercessor (Fiipbitter) isone who
                                                                                 prays in behalf of another (im the Bible only the. verb
                                                                                 occtirs-: -mtunchanein  huper cifios), ; an :dvo&ate (Fiir-
                                       IN _ MEi%ORIAM      -                     spreker,  PamkEeetos, I John 2 :l) is ;one who. pleads in
                            . . ' .                                              behalf of someone. The fo:rmier', thereftore, is themore
 .          - The Consistory of the Grand Haven Prot.  Ref.  dhdrch, in          general notion : the'intercessory  prayer of Christ covers
      conjunction with our Adult Societjr  and Ladies .Aid,  extend our          all bu2 needs, and results in thk bestowal of all spiritual
      sympathy 60 our fellow office be&w,  Deacon Ra.lph  De Y.oung,-            blessings upon the Church. The latter, however, the
      in the  pasesing  of  this mother,                                         idea ,of advocate, a paraklete, is more limit@: as #our
                                                                                 advocate Christ pleads folr us, as in ,ourselves wle are.
                      MRS..JENNIE  DE`YOUNG (Fisher)                             sinners and damnablle  befsore  God, to `obtain ,our justifi-
      on January 13, 19.46, at the age of 76 years.                              cation before  t,he, bar of the Judge of heaven and
             may the Lord comfort the bereaved, and give an ,increased           earth.
      measure of faith that looks unto the coming of His eternal                    _ Thus the term advocate or parak!ete occurs, with
kingdom. .                                '                                      r.eference  to our glorified High Priest in heaven, in I
                                                    Rev. `A.  Pether, Pres. ,    John 2 :l. The apostle had w?tten about the message
                                                 A .   Peterson  C l e r k .     *  Cf;  $01.  IIT,  T.he  `9)eath' of the Son of  God,.  p. 114 ff.


224                                    T H E   S T A N D A R D   B'EARER                                           ,

he be&-d ,oY Christ, "that God is light, and in him is nb stitutes  a real elemeilt  in the economy of redemjption,
darkness at al,l.`.' Hence, if wle. say th$we have f,ell,ow-     so that it-is only in the couxxiousness  o,f th$ function
ship wi+h him; and ,wjalk in id!arkness,  we lie, and do not of Christ that we approach God through Him, and ,ob-
`the truth. But walking in the light, we have fellowship tain the as&rance ,of forgiveness and righteousness.
with lone antother, and. *he b1oo.d `of Jesus Christ "His           On the o.ther hand, we may not so present this activ-
Son  clean&h  us from  .a11  @I:.  Walking in  .&he light, ity .of Christ in heav,en  that. it beaomes  ,derogatory of
w,e do hot say. that we have no sin, for then iye only God's perfections. All that is earthy and  ,imperfect
deceive ourselves ; but we (confess ,our sins, -and thus, must Ibe eltminated  from Christ's activity as our advo-
by-faith, lay hol#d upon the faithfulness and ji&ice ,of cate  .wi%h  $he  Father.-  His  .plea in our behalf is  rn!ot
Go?, according to which He 5orgives us our sins, and occasional, but constant.-' A.bove all, it is. constantly
cleanses us from all unrighteouspess. Thus the apostlle perfect, ,both as .a plea, and,as to its result : the plea.
had writben  to beli,evers, in order that they migh.t walk for our justification  by <our advocate in heaven is'oon-
in the light, and fi&ht against sin: "My little children,        stant&gran.ted. We may not thus present this activity
these things. I ,wriite unto yo&, that ye sin not." How- o$ Christ, as  iff God were filled  wi'oh wrath against
ever, aware of the fact that `our old nature is still with       His sinful people, about to tiflict eternal de&th  upo!lr
us, and th&, no matter how faitlxfully  w#e. sight the them ; and that now Xhri&-must persuade  God to se-
igoold fight of faith, sin always cleaves to .the ,blest cof frain from-His wrath and to Ibestow  upon His people
`our works, the a~pos&  continues : "And if any man sin:, righteousness and life. ,On the contrary, even as the
we have an advocate with the -Father, _ Jesus Christ Mediator in heaven constantly pleads -in behalf of this
the righteous."                                                  people,  presen&xg  to' the Father  the ground  ,of His
    It is~plain,  then, that the pl,ea of Ctirist as tour advo- perfect work:of  atonement, so the Father is constantly
cate in the presence .of the Father coneems, partieular-         delighted with this plea fo;r f,orgiveness and righteous-
ly, His people  in the world,  f,or whom He  d&d and ness, anld fbeholds  His peo,ple, in the light of it,his plea,
obtained the forgiveness `of sins +_nd eternal righteous- with an eye of eve+asting mercy and eternal love.
nesS ; who also ,h'ave been, ,in. principle, delivered from         Christ is ,ou~ advocate witah the Fabher.
the power and domini,on of sin; `who earnestly desir,e              And in the faith that He pleads in ,our behalf, we
to be completely delivered from all cQrruption and un- have colllf'ideece to approach $he Father, colifessing our
righteousness, an!6 who walk in the light; but who find stins, trusting that God .is faithful and just to forgive
that they  are  still  hxx  -the  ,bocly of  this  ,de&h,  so that our sins, `and to cBe.anse us from all unrighteousness.
there are still many sins, against their will, remaining           - Such is the first advantage of Christ's ascension.
in them. Any-;of these silns would make them damna.ble            -`The second benefit mentioned by the Heidelberger
lbeifore  God, and [would be suffildent to deprive thtem of in this `connection is "that we have our flesh in heaven
the blessed fellowship with the Father, were St I& for 3s a sure pledge that he, as the head, <will also take
the fact, that they have a Paraklete,  an Advocate w$h up %o ,himself, `us, his members."
the Father in heaven,  W1ho constantly pleads their                 We have ,O,ur flesh in heaven !
cause, ,def,etid,s them, and ,dbtain!s from the Father the          By th,e term "flesh" here must b.e understood our
sentence lof their perfect justification.                        &ire human nature, as to soul and bo$y. Christ, in
    And `what we said of  Chqist's   interce&on in our His incarnation, assumed our human nature, in the
discussion ,of Lord's Day 12, naturally, also applies- to likeness  ,of  sinful  fl.esh. As  s2ch, that nature was
His pleading in our ,bchalf as hour advocate with the iwholly unfit. to enter into heavenly glory.  For, not
Father in heaven.                                                only was it of the earth earthy, bnt it was also corru~p;t
    On the lone hand, we dane not deprive this activity through sin, under the Iwrath ,of God, lying iin the midst
of  ,our heavenly  Paraiklete of all reality. When the ,of death. N.or did we have *he right to. be delivered
ScriptL!res  teach us that Christ is our advocate with ifporn the corruption- of our nature, Ianid to enter into
the Father, we may not understand this as a mere, heavenly glory. H,eaven  was closed to us. That nature,
figorgtitie expressiori,  Id@noting no more than the p&m- although without sin, yet 8s it was earthly, and in the
anent  ef'feci of  IHis atoning  sac&ice   wA:d work  <of likeness of sinful fl,esh, ,Christ assumed. And in that
obedience in ,our rblehalf.    On the contrary, it means : nature He obediently suffered all 6hat was requtred to
1. That`the Son of God, anld that, too, in His glorified satisfy God's justice, $0 merit for us'righteoasness,  ,qd
,human nature, is really in the presence of, before the to Gbtain  the right to heavenly glojry. And He, the Son
face of the Father. 2. That His plea, ,in behalf ,of His of God, glorified that nature in Himself. He took it
still sinful people in the #world, is a real sctivit,y  10111: His bhrough death into the-glory `of the resurrection, and
.partj  so that He `+ppeals to the justice and faithfuhxss having thus `g;lorified it'cby His resurrection, [He took  it
.of God, c& the basis of `His ,own work of atonement, into h.eaven, into the-saaclxa,ry of God.
fsor their perfect  justifical$on..  -3. That this  work ,olf       For His ascension d.oes not mean that Be put aside
Christ in heaven, as our advocate-with the Father,. con-         our human nature. T,he human nature is not and never
                                                                       .-                                  _.     -


               -.                       THE,STANDARD   B E A R E R                                                                  225

  shail be separated from the divine.                              heaven; fr,om whence also we look for the Saviour, `the
  ,Our flesh,  theref'ore,  is  i!n: heaven.                       Lord Jesus Christ: Who  .shall  change our vile  rbody,
     It is not in heaven as "flesh", in the form in- $hich +h& it a&iay be fashioned like unto his most glorious
  He  ,assumed  it,  am& in  wlhich_`we   know- it, but in its body, according to the w,orking  whenbby  he is able ,eVen
  glorified  5orm. It has  #been  Achanged into the image to subdue all-things unto himself," Phil. 3 :20, .21.
  of t?he heavenly. For "fl,esh and blood ,cannot  inherit             We have ,our flesh in heaven, aa sure pledge that rHe
  the Binigd,om  of God;" But it is, n5e.vertheless,  ,our flesh; shal~l take us' with Him into H.is own gl,ory.
  the real human nature, mihich H,e took iilto the highest             That pledge shall  Ibe  fulfil&d, first;  `whsri  .the
  heav&s, when H&ascended up ,on high.                            `,e-artihly  :house OF&his tabernacle  shall Ibe dissdved; and
     And it is our flesh, OWT nature, `He took into the we shall have an house of Gold; not made with` hands,
  heaven .of glory.                                                eternal in the heavens ; fo!r then we shall, as to our soul,
      For Christ is :our head.                                   . !ever Ibe wi$h Him. And, in its ult&mate  realizati,pn, the
      His entranoe  into heaven does not mean that some- pledge shall ,be .jfulfilled when He shall come sgdn, in
  one succeeded to glorify his own human naturie, ,a$nd to the glorious resurrection, in  thte heavenly  .c&eation,
  o#btaii&, fo,r himself a place in glory.' On the contrary, '  wherje  the tabernacle of God  shall for ever  bk with
  it is Christ that ascended u~p ,on high. He occupies a men.
  central position. His  ascensi.on is of central  signifi-            That is the second advantage of the ascension df
  canice. He is the heaici' of the body, the. Church. As ,our Lord,  mentioned by the Heidellberg  C&teehism.
  such iHe represents all the elect. As the head `of His               Yet, there .is a sense in  which we may .rejoi&  in
  loiwn in the folrensilc sense of the word, He entered into our present ,be@g in heavein: with `Him. F'or So -t&e
  death, bore all our iniquities >on the accursed tree, M,ot- Scriptures ,dedar.e  : "God, who is rich in' mercy, yfdr
  ted ,dut .a11 our sins? and :obtained etennd righteousness. his great love wherewith he lov& us, Even when we
  His righ+eousnle.ss.  is our righteousness. His death is w,er;e dead in sins, quickened ,us together ,with Christ
  ,oiur  deat,h. His resurrection is <our resurrection., And        (by grace are ye saved). ; And hath ,raised  us .up' to-
  so, is that legal sense ,of the w#oFd, His ascension is gether,  aed made us sit togekher  in heavenly p&es
                                                                                                                               :
  our ascension.                                                   im Christ Jesus," Eph. 2:4-6.
      Tlhat `He ascended `up `on hilgh mean.s that we liave            This is true, Ibecause  Hie, `the heavenly Lord, sent
the right, in Him, to 50110~ Him in glory.               '         .unto us the earnest of His Spirit. The Catechism men-
      Still more.                                                  tions this as the third benefit of Christ's axeemas&&:
     ,He is al& the head ,of the body in the organic sense. "He sends us his Spirit as an eainest, .by whose power
  We are members ,of His body. And we can never be we seek the things whi,ch are above, where Christ sit-
  separate8  Erom Him,  `our  /Bead.      Tlhat He went to t&h on the right hand of God, and not things Ton earth."
  *heaven means that, centrally, we are in .heaven. H,e            Ear Christ; when He ascended up OM ,high, leading ,eap-
  ,will not return to us. But He will draw us unto Him- tivity  &&ive,  full of  tile riches of grace for all His
  sel!f, that we may also be where H:e is. And so, we look people, received the Spirit, that through  iH:im He
, up toiwtard  heaven, by faith, in the Iconsciousness of `our might bestow all the ,blessings of salvation upon His
  inseparable ,union with Clinist ,our H:ead, `and confess people.  A& on the day of  Peckecost,  He  pohredi out
  with the Heidelberg Catechism "that we have ,our flesh that Spirit upon and into IIis Chuxxh. Through. tl@t
  in heaven: as a sure pledge that he, as the head will also Spirit .He .dwells in tl&n, ,and works in them the first-
  Qke up to himself, us, his members."                             fruits `oif salvation.                               _-'
                                                                                                         i
      Th-is can never fai,l.                                           It is the Spirit of the heavenly Lo(rd.
      By His-,own woad, He left <us this @edge #of His as-             And thro,ugh` that Spirit, Iwe become partak-qrs of
  (tension. "And I, .if I be liftied up from +he earth, will `His heavenly life. AU that are regenerated `by the
  draw all unto me," John 12:32. "Let not your heart Spirit ,df Christ,, partake ,of the life o,f their heavenly
  !be t$opbled : ye believe in God, believe also in me. In Lord. That life  .is resurrection-life.  It  is"the  !ife  of
  my Father's house are many mansions : if it `were not heaven. In: virtue ,of that life, they are even n"w-Y$i-
  so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for zens of the heavenly Jerusalem, mlot `on& ,b.ec$use  they
  you. And if I go to prepare  a place f,or you, I will come have .citizens" rights, but also because, in princ$e thhy
  again:, :a& receive.you unto .myself, that wihere  I am, partaike o,f the life oif. that .cirty.       "
  there ye may be *also," John ,I4 :l-3. And so iwe 3ay                Because of this principle of heavenly ,life, .vought
  hold upon the ho,pe .that is set ibefore  us, "Which hope in them by' the Spirit of  l&&r heavenly  L&d, they
  we have as .an anchor !oif the soul,, ,both sure anid sted-      even now "sit together in heavenly plaoes in Christ
  fast; and which  entereth into  th& within the  Geil;            Jesus."
  W,hither `our forerunner is for us enteked,  even Jesus,             And' they haye abeooine  strangers and pilgrims in
                                                                                                                  ::
  made an high priest-for ever after the ,oFder  of Melchi,        the earth.
  sedec,"  Heb, 6  ;19, 20.  L And  "gor  c~~y~rs+&$  @ in             The life of the .bcllever$ in the volrld, theref;ore,  is.


 226                                       T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R
                                                                          .
 a coin;tinuo&  tension : the .tension ,of hope. In hope with Him, we seek to tbe pleasing to Him. We hear
 they groan. For not only the whole creation, "but our- His voice, we love His goid ,commandments,  we gight
 selves. also, which have the firstfruits <of the. Spirit, .against  &n, within ahd without, and we  dail,y put  on
 even we ou.rsel+es.  groan witihin ,oux%elves, waiting for the new man, ,which after G&l is created in ,righteous-
 the adoption, to .w:it,  the redemption #of our body. For ness and holiness. We labor -to enter into the rest. And                      _
 we are saved by hope : but hope that is seen is not hope : while ,confiessing that ;we are sojourners and strangers
 for what a man se9t.h why -d&h he yet hope for? But in the earth, we dedare plainly K&t we.seek  a cc+try,                         _
 If we hope for that we see cot, then do we with patience the heavenly country of our heavenly LoPd,  the city
 :wsit for it," Rmom. 8  :28-25. And  again: "For in this that hath foun!dations,  whose ,buil#der  and artificer is
 we groaln:, earnestly Id'esiring to bi clothed upon with God.
 our house- whilch is from heaven:\If so be that being                   And thus, in the sound sense of the word, the ascen-
 clothed `we shall not *be found naked. For `we that are sion of our Lord means tha.t t,he life of those that `are
 in this  taberna1:l.e   ,do groan,  (being  ,burdened:  not for His is, even Chile they are still in this world,  other-
: that we  .w'ould  .be unclothed,  bti$  cl,othed  upon, that w,oFldly.
 mortality rnizht be swallowed up of life."                          . Their  conversatipn  is in heaven.
        Our life hielre, in virtue of the firstfruits, the earn&t                                                   H. H.
 of the Spirit, is in constant tension..
   --For, on the .one hand we are of the earth earthy. We
 have our earthly house, our eartihly (body and soul, our
 earthly relationships and frieedships.            And  w'e are
 strongly, with a -thousand ties, attached +o the earth
`and to the things that ane eatihy. We do not desire t,o                  THROUGH THE' AGES
 be unclothed.  Y,et, on the other hand, there is our
 heavenly Fond, Wh'o gave us His heavenly Spirit, aad
 Who made us partakers (of His own heavenly life, ever                                  Gregory VII
 drawing us unto Himself; so that we are strarngers  inns
 the earth, and ,even now our conversation is in heayen.                 The last ev& narrated in the grevious  article was
 In virtue df this $ravriing  .po'wer  of our heavtenly  Lord, the elevation of Hildebrand to the papal thyone under
 through the Spirit He hath given us, we Ilong to be with the name  ,of Gregory VII. We also took  uotiice  of
 Him, to be clothed upon with our house which is- from Hildebrand's conception of ithe relation of chuneh, and
 h e a v e n .                                                       state. The Roman pontiff alone, he held, can with
        Amid the latter is victorious.                               right  tbe called universal. He alone can depose and
        A tension is the life of the  ,b&ever,  not as if he reinstate bishops. It may be permitted him to de;pose
 w,ere  Ibetwixt two equally str&g powers of attraction;.            emperors. He himself may be judged by no o!3;e. lH$e
On the contrary, in virtue  #of  the new principle of .may absolve subjects of their dildfelity to <wicked  rulers.
 heavenly Xfe, he is very really a ,citizen of heaven. He On these pyinciples, it was  ojbserved,  Hildebrand, as
 Iorigs for  deliyerance. But it is the tension of a new, pope, reigned and strove -for nothing ,short  ,of world '
 victori,ous  life in 3&e mi,dst of the death ; the drawin.g dominion.
 df /His heavenly Lord he exderiences  `while he ,is .still in           We ,must now attend to the acts of this pontiff by
 his eaithly nature. To be with Cfhrist, he knawd, is far whilch he sought to secure the power and ifreedom  of the
 better !                                                            church. Firstly, during his. entilre rezign *he made re-
        Thus, that Spirit .of Christ, is an, eal:nest to us.         lentless war against` clerical  marriagle. His  mbtives
        He is the fir&fruits of the final `harvest. Just  ad were these. A priest must rise above his carnal pas-
 l&e firstfruits wfhich  Israel Brought to the Lord in the sions Ian: #order that he may :be whblly consejcrated'to the
 `temple was part of the harvest, and d. pledlge that the church, as burdened <by no earthly cares and command
f'ull harvest woul,d  presently be reaped. an#d gathered the respect, of all men by his anzgelic purity. - Further,
into the barns ; sb th.e firstfruits  of the Spirit are an HiEd,ebran,d  laoncluded,  that he could free  the church
earnest of  `our  fins,1 salvation, when we  shal,l  -receive only iti the way <of separating the priests from their
 the full ad#optiofi  unto .chil.dren,  and be f'or ever with wives. An unmarried clergy has no oth& interests
 Christ our Lord i.6 heavenly. glory.                                .I~LK the church, so he reasoned, and stands Iby th'e, pope
        And so, Iby the power ,of Ohat indwell&g, Spi.rit we like an army. What is more, a married.,clergy,  through
 do,  hideed,  seek the things  w.hi& are  ab&e,  `where its  joffspring,  might develop  i&o a  he?editary  caste
 Christ is sittini on the Fight hand of God. His heaven- appropriating church property an,d thus impoverishing
 ly Lordship Iwe seek to' realiqe  -eVen in ,our earthly life. -- the church. Synod after synod was hebd, denouncing
 For, while we are still present in the body, an@, there-            all carnal connection of priests with `women, however
 fore,' albsent from the Lord,  yet longing to bfe  .pres&t legitim$e,   a s   sinfp!, 611  ifufure. priestly marriages


                                          T `H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                               227

 were forbidden, and of the married priests ,it was de- quisates, wrldvoms, and all manner -of human rights
 mandeld  th&.they  iput away their lawful wives or cease  and  p,ropetii&  . . . .  havilnig such mighty power in
 to' function as priests; and the laity was corminanded               spirituzd  things, what is there Ion earth that may trans-
 t'o gorsake their servicei. A letter from Gregory's pen, tend your authority in temporal things? And if ye
 addr,essed to the whole church, declared that "if-&ere               judge the angels, who are high above the proudest of
 are presbyters,  .deacons,   an#d  sub-deacohs, who are princes  ,of.the earth know and feel how great you are
 guilty. of aliving with worn&l  as their wives, we forbid 2 how exalted your.. polwer ! Let them tremble to de-
' them, in the name ,of God A&ighty anId by the author- spise the ,commanld of your ,ohuureh !
 ity Iof St.. Peter, #entrance into the `churches, until they            "But upon the said Henry do judgment quickly,
 &pent az-i.d rectify their c,onduct."                                thaf all men may know that it is not  by. fortune or
     The publishing `of these decrees was followed by chance, but by your pow:er,  that :he has fallen ! May he
 violent react& on the part of +he married &ergy,  the thus \be conf,oun,ded  into repentance, that his soul may
 great  maj,osity :of [whom, .at that  ti,me, w,ere m&ied. be saved in the day of the Lord !"
 Hildebrand was .denounced as a madman as his man-                       As according to Roman Catholic doctrine, the pope
 dates as heretical ; ,it was maintainied that they militated of- Rome is "the successor `of Peter, Gregory was very
 against the Scriptures, which indeed they did, and did actually  ad,dressin!g  these words to  Fitiself  as  ,well.
 viol,en.ce  to the  1~4,~s  ,olf nature.  .Hil&brand was  ac-        They are words ridicu,lously arrogant.- And the con-
 cused of wanting to compel men (elf flesh and blood to               ception of papal power which -they set foitih ,is a theory
 live like angels and was warned that, lby his &oilng, he premised on thte lie thit especially the apostle .Peter
 opened the door to sex immorality among the clergy. [was +&ted  with all `power on earth iri st&e  anti church
 They told him that they were r&solved  to f.orsake their and that  Lhis power -was  dele&%`ted to' the  p?~%ti. tif.
 ,offi,ce  irather than their wives. As to the bishops, some Fame. Only men with hearts foolish and.with foolish
`held with the married clergy, iwhi4e .others  agreed with hearts darkened by sinful pride would conceive  of such
the Hildebrandian  poli,cy  anId  primcipJes.        But on the a tl@ng 2nd oonceive  iof it as being true of :;hcmsclres.
 whole tlhey refused to ,cooperat,e  with the pope in en- The popes were men ,with such hearts. And the most
 forcing his @&ees: So Hildebrand stirred up the. laity -outsp&ken  of their number, -the one  who surpassed
 against the married priests. The p.ope ordered  the lay
                                           .                          them  a!1 in  hieirarchical   arrogal::,ce  and severity, was
_ rulers to disregard the bishops an!d to use force in com- this Gregory VII, unless it was Innocent III. Gregory
 .pelling the rebellious priests from offilciating. He thus always acted as though he ?nad received ail. the king-
 pitted the laity against the clergy an;d thereby violated ,doms of the .earth  as ,his bheritanee  for him to take
 the principle of the absslute &e of the hierarchy. But fitiay and to bes&w upon whomsoever- he chose.- He
 tci him the end sanctified the means. The immedigte                  act&  .as  .thou,gh  :he had authority  .over   .a11 things in
 Iresult of this reform  was  frightiful.         The  marri,ed       s&e and church, aover kings and nobles  as well as over
 priests were maltreated by the laity, reduced to poverty bishops' and abbots. Sardinia an'd Corsica he treated
  and driven into exil,e. Their ,wives  ~were  insult& as. as though he were their temporal and spiritual lord.
 harlots and their chil'dren  branded bastards. MFny `of `He  %vrc&e to the Spanish princess that, Spain {belonged
 these women died fnom hunger or #grief,  `or co~mmitted td n,a mlortal  ,man but to St. Feter  and--thus to Gregory
_ suicide in  ld'espair. Evrentually,  Hildebrand's priestly VII. He infor;med  Phi,lip I, king of Franoe; th&t every
 cel.ibacy,triumphed  in the whole Roman church but ,at house  in #his realm owed him tribute and he-threatened
 the cost of priestly chastity. Holy matrimony was xdis- -this king to. free. his subjects from allegiance to him
  placed  Iby  1icez;tiousness   .ahong  the  clengY.  So  {Hilde-    im `case he (did not desist fr,o msimony. He admonish&
 j brarud:  sacrificed the pr.ivate morals of the .priests  to, the king of  Denmar.k to  acknawledge  the  ,dependence
 his wolrldly .ambition.                                              of his `kingdom `upon R,ome, and promised the king`s
     This amlbiltion  -: the amb&ion?i to bind the'kingdoms           son a oerrtain  rich providence in Italy, should he come
 .of the world to his throne --`sGrego.Yy (Hildebrand)                to make war agaipst God's enemies. At the bidding
  shared with all the popes of the icenturies subsequent to of Grego,ry, ihe son of the`!&ing ,of Russia went to Rome
 the fourth. But iti Gregory it was exceptifon.ally  con- -to receive his  crown from  th& pope. Solomon,  the
 spicuous. He twice (deposed Henry IV of Germany And king of Hungary was rebuked for having received-his
 freed his subjects from the  obligation.,of  sub.m$ting Ictiown from tlhe Germans ag .a thief instead of having
  themselves to his rule. The  ,ooncleding  ,part  <of his sought it from the Roman see.  ,Gregory  confeur&
  seconci excommuni'cation ,of Henry IV ireads, "And now, upon the duke of Dalmatia the title of king on `the
 0 y& .princes and [fathers, most holy apostles Peter and condition that he -pay tribute to the .popes, and ,he t,olldc
  Paul, deal -ye with us in su3h wise that all the worh3 William the ,Conqueror  that he was indebted for his
 kn,ow  and understand, Ghat, having the power to bind el.evati@  to the throne `of `England to the blessing of
  and loose in he&n, you <have the like Ipower  40. take the Roman see. But the king replied that he olwed his
 away empires,  fkingdotis,   p&cipalities,  duches;  mar-            cram to God and to his--own sword, not to the po,pe.
                                                                          :


   YFhis  gqlitico-ecldesiastical  system of Gregory  wlas not       Gregory by  Iwhich he aimed  to remove the evil of
  prep&ed' certainly by the  church father Augustine. simony, and to free the hierarch from the overlordship
  &@stine,s"mistake  iYas that he identified the `church `of the- tempoFa1, rulers. T'his reform scheme, as put
 of  C:h&st  ,oi earth  .wi<h the (historic  catholi8c  church into .action,  is known in history as "the war over in-
  and recognized no ,other  `except  as a &ismati,c  {branch vesture". T;tiroughout  the chur+, the state Idominated
  lod it. B,ut Augustine had little to say asbout .popes an& the :d&gy *by appointing the Ibishops and abbots (the
  ,absoiutely` nothing about the theory Iof the Lordship of heads of monastic o&er$) and by investing them with
   Peter over the  kingdonis  ,of the world and  ,sf his their (office. The. latter was done jby a ceremony that '
  iright  to depose  tempor.al sovereigns.       This was the comsisted in  thfe  ,bestowa!   of the staff  .and the  Ging.
   very' own theory ,of' Gregory and of his spiritual ikin. The staff `was the insignia of the spiritual authority
   He write to the king *of Ar&on that Jesus, the kinig .of the bishop ,and the ring symbolized his spiritual mar-
   of. glory, had; made Peter'lord `over the king:doms of the riage with the church. But the appoint,ment  ,of Ibishops
   world. And upon this lie he consta&ly `acted.                     to their office. by the k,ing and the smaller rulers was
           But Gregory was not olnly a' papal absolutist with atte,nded  by a great evil. In -the' appointment, the .ki.nlg
   few'kc&als among the popes, but he was also a so-lc%lled          was led `by p6litical or social consideration. IOsr, to re-
   &to@ &&rmer. it is especially his zeal f,or. (would-be) .pl&ish "nis depleted purse, he would sell the ,office to"
   ,moral reform that has induced histori.ans td give him the `highest bid,der  and this without any regard-to in-
   seoh pre-eminence  in history. Of that z:eal it is sbild tellectual `or m,oral  fitness. Thus, t$he right lof ,ilnvesti-
   that it entitles hiim to'rea]  respect. And modern mhistor- tune, as ,exevcisei& !by the lay rulers, went hand in hand
   `ians agree in giving  ,him credit  fo,r the  hoillesty   .a& lw,ith the @n of simony, whi2h is tohe abuse of ,buying or
   coura;ge ,of his oonvlctiolis and coeced~ +he purity and selling the office for a price. Gregory  (Hildebranid)
   llo&ness  ,of his motives and  :aims both as a  Ipapal tlried with all his might to -remove  this evil by forbid-
.  absolut,ist and reformer. But it is :doubtful whether ding the king and all laymen to have anything to do
   this should be conceded. Convictions are gen,dered not with the appointm&  of bishops and with their in&al-
   `by love ,of faise theo:ries  but !by the `love of the .truth.    l&o!n: A synod held in November, 1075, positively
   Gregory's convilctions  were not convicti,ons  at' all b&t f,oEbade  bishops, abbots, and other ecclesiastical ap-
   fixer13 ideas conceived and bonn in carnal lnst `of power.        pointments from the king or any temporal lord. But
   And his courage lwas not courage .at all but rather the these  ,prohibitions,   ,as enforced by excommunication
   stu;bb,ornness  of & man who was Idet,ermined to be pre- .and thie im;terdict, did not strike at the und'erlying cause -
   vk$ed by no'thing in the achievement of a wor%dly ami `of the abuse, which `was this. Thro,ugh the years, the
   l$ion. &is aim was to annex the world to his throne Roman shieralrchy hald .grown enormously rich. It had
   +Fd also'the church. That .aim !was not lofty but sinful. become the `owner of great treasures in money amd gold
   A&`&bat moved him was the love bf that' aim. Hence,               and of many houses and ,mujch land. Iti the-early feudal
   his  m&&es $ere as imp&e as shis aims were sinful. age it had most  ,of the  non-jand wealth  in  Westerq
  &r& as $0 his zeal for modal  reform, he is not entitled           Europe. It owned .in addSon  fine church buildings-
   t&.:anyireal  respect ?or that zeal. His relentless war
   .. .                                                              ,chappels,   abbe&  ca%hhedirals, cloisters,  li.braries-mer-
   a+nst `p$e$ly marriage was an on&&e. Aal,d in Ihi? chandise of all kinds =od .descriptions,  fine .clo&h em-
   attempt to remove the evil  ,oi simony, he &V&S  prevented blrioi&red  with gold, besides numerous chests ,of treas-
  l$jy"i'i;is  iove @f riches and lu& of p:owleir  to mgret ai the Ireal ures. These treasures were in turn converted into real
   y?$e.lof this abpse. And what! are wle to think cof his ,estate s'o that the churoh eventually came to own half
   nzventirig the interdict f,or the aggrandizement `of the ,of all the land.ed property. Anid t,he iweal& of. the ,hier-
   ,Thurch~and  of his using excommunication  to frighten
           : . .                                                     archy-the church-was  always increasing. Now it
   men mto k,is&g his toe? Amd in these d'oings he was is not `wrong, certailn!ly, for a chupc;h  to own property.
   all-the while playing upon the supersti'tious  fear of men However, %is `enriching of the Roman hierarchy was
   $T %he thunderings of &e pope - a fear ttiat `was bown
              ~.                                                     the fruitage `of sin inc@lged in by bishops and monks.
   from the false be&f that the pope ,of R&me has the They were playing upon the superstition of th,e pe'ople,  -
   <power  `ijo put a tian'ili heaven `or to assign `him to ever-
    .i.                                                              u,pon the `false belief that in givin!g their property to
   lasting Idegolatioti as: he chooses. *And Gregory hnew the church. the faithful merit with God and he& up                          S
   or Icould knoti that .his claims to the "estates `of the heasures in heaven. An@ this belJef had" become  the.
   $urch" reposed  upon  lit,erary  `dctions.        T'o ascribe` un&cial doctrine of the hierarchy and  vvas  #being
   &fiy  ,`&ms and pure  !mot&es to  su& a mam comes preached by its teachers. And the  generokty  it in-  '
   pTet*y  close to ascr6bin.g llqfti aims tind pure m&ives  to spired was inexhaustilble. The faithful gave throngh-
   Satan  hi&&if.  The  case  is somewhat different, of `out their lifetime,  rich aod poor al,ike ; and when ,de&h
  ,&ourse, if  X%regory  `&red in. good  .%th. But this is drew near >hey gave all. Tliere were few who were
   inc&beivable..                                                    `willing to dite unconfessed and without having made `a               1
           But we X-&X& n&v attend to the r,eSorm  scheme of         vaLid will  bequeatahing  all or most  `of their. property


                                                                                                        .-


                                             I





                                          THJ3  S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                                  229

  upon the ohur+ ; that is, the hierarchy. And the church, (had he truly been grieved about the prevalence  `of
  which ceaselessly re`ceived, never <alienated;  b0t.h civil simony amlong  the Ibishops, had he bated this sin with
  an.18 ecclesi$stical laws forbade. For all Ipractical pur- a holy hatred. Firstly, he wiould have abdicated as a
  poses, the extensive lands of the IchLulch were owned by tempbral' ruler, turned over his vast domains to bhe
the bishops, who received  payments from the peasants lay rulers and  instructed  his  b&hops to  d'o likewise.
 tby whom these  1,ands were  Icultivated.  11n the  feudal            Secondly, he would cease laying  l&aim to  spiritual
  epoch,  the  Ibishogs leased their lands to others who jurisdiction over the ,whole  church t'o become a Common
  thereby  xbecame  tenants  ,or  .vassals  ,of the  lbisl&prilc       past.or aad urge :a11 his bishops to dto likewise. Thitidqy,
  Every tenant wh'o  he1,d land paid to the bishop  t~wo               he. -wlould preach `a pure gospel and urge his bishops
  tit&&: the, great tithe consisting .in, one-tenth ,of al4 to- do -likewise.              Then the  fl'ow of  wealih into the
I grain, wine, and `large animals raised by the Ifarmer;               chuneh wo.uld  cease and there. woulld !be no more cause
  and the l.esser ti$he comprising the same amount of f.or simorny. F,or the clergy would no longer be telling
 . . vegetables and smaller.  animals such.as chickens and men to :buy the favor .of Heaven and orE the church rby
doves.  The  lands  anrd its tenants that  bel,onged  tto.the          their gifts. But Gregory  tooik no such  actio,n.  E'or
  bi.shopric  f.ormed  the domain lo'f the bishop. There he what he hated was not simony but those lay rulers
  ruled not .only as. an` ,ecclesiasti.c  %but as :a civil' magis- for br$tging his bishops and their temporal domains
  trate as ,well, p&rforming,,a.lJ  the .duties bhat belong to under their jurisdiction. He: insisted that those bishops
  @at  offi,ce. It  l+as this  ,enrichment  of the hierarchy and domains  belonga& to him. He wanted them for
  that f,ormed the sourlee ,of the abuse known .as simony, himself.  %Ie wanted  hhe whole earth and its  fulness
  ,of the sin of buying and  selli!lilng  the  `offilce of bishotp.    8or himself. So he :comma&ed  the king to rcease a.p-
  This offiGe had beco,me  a Lucrative position for which pointing  b,ishops.                %`ha.t was his prerogative,. not the
  unscrupulous men were  w.+l.ling to pay a  ,big price. Bing's For investiture, the installation of bishops, he
  Tihey loved this .oiffice for its great prestige and wealth. said, was a purely spiritual function and secuiar princes
  And this wealth continued to  gr,ow through  ,gifts, have Inothing to do with the petiormanoe of f,urictions
  acqui.sitions, and usurpations. .The  bishops always that  have something  sacraniental  -about them. They
  became greater land pr,oprietors  aqd- governed Ncrhole :even. commit  @q@ieg& by  tou&ing the `garments of
  communities formed of t'he tenants amrl serfs by whom the priest. What  hyqbcrilcy ! Of  ,course, that  wonld
  their  land was  tillled. And it  `was,`up.on   the9 earthly .be true, 3 he a&the *bishops were spiritual, rulers in
                                                                                             .+s*
  inter!ests-upon  their lands .and the yie1.d thereof-that the chutich and nothing more.
  the bishops concentrated all their affections and at-                  Perhaps it woul4 be ask&g. to much to say to Greg-
  tention. So hatd t!he enrichment of the church, and this ory that he should part wiih l&ie vast d&mains  loif the _
  through means that w,ere -foul, worked the secu81ariza-              Roman hierarchy. But if be were unwilling, he should
  tiofi of `the  hie?anchy.     The god-fearing among the depose himself as spiritual shephqd and! eontinue'solely
  bishops had understanding ,of this. A6gsstine  asked .as .a temporal ruler. But Gregorf wanted to fbe both.
  his people to take back thei: (church property aiid to IHe  insi,sted   th&t the office of -pope included both.
  support the Urgy anlcii th.e. #poor by free gifts.                   8'e insisted that he was the  sipiritual father  ,of the
     It was this very en&hment-  of the hierarchy Chat iwhole ,ch&ch  ; Ibesides, that all the .kings ,of the earth
  caused the king to insist ton appointing bhe ,bishops  and were his vassals; that the domiins ,of the church were
  investing them with their office. The Ibishops jointly his absolute po&ession  and thhat therefore they shguld
  possessed &aK ,of the land of Europe and had under be faeed from the ,overlordship ,of ihe lay rulers atid be
  their temporal rule half ,of Europe's `poul.ation. It was brought solely under his  jurisdi$ion. Verily, this
  ~only by appointing the bishops ahd b$ installilng them man Gregory ,wa&ted  +he earth.
  iti  offi&, that the king could brin.g the bishops and                                                                G. M. 0..
  their ,vast domains under his jui-isdisction..  Par it was
  the .age ,of that form #of society and goverflment  known
  .as feudalism. According to this theory of government                                                                    .     .            .`
                                                                                                                                       .,,
  all the chief rulers were .the vassals -of the king and                                  '  I N   MtiiVIORIk
  receive13 their `land from him as his grants together                    The Ladies Aid  .of the First Protestant  Refomned  Chunch
  with his protectioti  hhereof and they in turn promised of Holland, Michigan,  wishes  .hel'eby  to express its  symp$hy
  to be faithfui to him,as their lord and to serve and aid with Mr. T. A. .Van. Putten  in -the loss. ,of his wife,
  him. The bishops, too, sough! and received protect&m
  ,of the k%ng-a protection that the pope could not give.                            MlRS.  H..A.  V     A        N       PUTTEN   '
  Thus, in their capacity of temporal .r.ul:ers, they with who was `a loyal and faithful member of this Ladi&  Aid. May
  their  #domains and the masses  ,olf men under  6hem the Lord prove again that He giveth grace for every trial.
  belonged under the temporal jurisdiction of the king.                                                  Mrs. W.  Hofman,  Pres.
      It is clear wha$ action Gregory woul~d! have taken                                                 Mrs.  ,Geo.  Ramaker,  Sec'y.


                                        ,  -

 230                                   ,THE  STANDAKD  B E A R E R

                                                               At Kings XI : 1 Solomon is rebuked; for having .married
                                                               many wives ,of Moab, Amman, Edom, Zidon,  and Heth,
          THE DAY OF SHADOWS                                   "nationsrooncenning  whi,ch Jehovah said to the sons of
                                                               Israel, ye shall not. go in to them, neither shall they
                                                               come in to you.:' To Rehoboam's dishonor the sacred
  The Canonical Significance of the narrator relates that his nother Naamah was'an Am-
                                                               monitess (I Kings XIV :21). It `was, doulbtless  .to ac-
           `-. . Book of  Ruth                                 centuate the depravity of .the. heathen that the Book
                                                               ,of Chronicles, .ch. XXIV :26, inf,orms  us that one of the
        The' significance of our book lies iii? its aims'. : One murderers of king Joash was the son of `a Moabitess
of its aims lis. to demonstrate that true faith and love and that the other sprang from an Amrnonitess. .Ezra
is valild; before God without respect ifo race, and that `says  (chap. X  :10), "Y,e harve transgressed, and have
therefore believing Ruth, though a Moabitess, was ,ac- taken strange wives ;`, and he wrote down th;e names of
cepted  -of God and His people. Thus our  `book  i.s a those whom he lcom*manded to separate from their wives.
plaim(est  scommentary  on the words  oi the  apostl'e at Nehemiah (chap. XIII. lff) adhere&str!ictly to the law
R,omans 11:28, 29 that "he is not a Jew, which is one that "mo A(mmonite  or Moabite should come into the
,outJwar,dly;  neither is that cineumcision, which is o,ut- congregation of God forever." It is .said that, these
ward isn the flesh : but he is a Jew, which is one inward- negations of the sheathen refute the view that the book
ly; and circumcisi~on is that ,of the hear.t, in the spirit, ,of Ruth, written in praise of a  M,oabitess  wh;o did
and nyot in the letter; whose prai.se  tis not of men, lbat of ,enter  the co!ngrelgation of` God, was perhaps composed
 God". In the Old Dispensation the Jews were not after the time ,of Solomon, or during the exil.e, or `when
God's peop1.e) lbut God's people were Jews and the Ruths the spirit of Ezra or Nehem.iah was in the ascendent.
:and th:e Rahabs, in a wford, as many ,of the heathen `as it But the fact is that these negations .dlo not refute this
-pleased. God to transport out ,of the [darkness  of heathen- view. As  ifar as these negations `are  :ooncerned,  the
dom into the *light of His Kingdom. Though there is book might have been written after Solomon. Ezra
no ground in Scripture for saying t,hat their number and Nehemiah, certartiy, were ,as ready to rieceive ,a
was large, yet they were there. And the law made truly converted  &heathen  as  awere the  ,believers who
provision for them. So at Exodus 12':48, "AiT, when accepted -Ruth. Ezra an&Nehemiah  were not bigoted
aL stranger shall soj.ourn with thee, and w.ill .keep  the     Jews, but true servants of God who knew that turning
passover  of the Lord, let all Ihis males be ci;?cumcised,     away a heathen:wlho  truly wanted Israel's God was as
and then let him `come near an.d keep it; and he shall contrary to the law as admitting a heathen wh,o &lave
be as one that is ,born  in the land : for no uncircumcised    to  h.is idols.  Y.et everything is  agairast the view  ac-
person shall eat thereof. OneJaw  shall Ibe to him that carding to Lw:hich  the book `of Ruth was written- after
ishomeborn, and anto the stranger that sojounneth Solomon. The primary author ,of the Scriptures Iis the
among you.`, The  co,ming  to the light  ,on the  part Spirit of God. Why should He have brought our Ibook
,olf these "strangers" was pre-irmdscatide of the calling into being many centuries after the events whiGh-it
of' the Gentiles in` fulfilllment lof the promise of Go,d narrates took place? The  /book   ,oontains   valualble  in-
to  Albraham that .in him are W.essed all the families struction &God's peop1.e. If so, witzy should the Spirit
of the earth. The evidenoe that Ruth iwas truly ~ao!n-         shave waited so long a time in giving this book to the
verted to-God  abo'unds. The l,ove which she'portrayed         church- Thus dn all likelihood the .book was written
was genuine. It wasthe refllection  .of the love of God. shortly after Ruth's deCease, perhaps d,uring the ti$me
shed abroad in her heart by Christ's Father. A!ad ,of David. The book itself suggests that it may h&e
the tie that binded her to .Naomi was spiritual. And been written ,by Datid;. We call attention to the follqw-
her faith `was richly rewirded. Boaz fulfihed to -her ing. David ,was not <only a warnior king, who fonght
the law of Israel; and married-her. And from her               Jehovah's wars but also a prophet. He was one of
sprang the son, of -whom David,-king `of `Israel, was the those holy .men. through whom God prepared `for the
grandson. God blessed her in superabundant  lbe:sure church the  i~nfalli~ble  Scr.iptures.' From the very be-
Ibecaushe  she confessed HJs name iln, love. But the aim ginning .oif his public career he di.splays  the faith of a
of the book is not  t,o glorify David's  ,$reat   So-n,  the true Israelite. Yet he was distrusted- by Saul, who
Christ of  Godl For how could His  descant from one drove him into exile. It is a noteworthy thing that,
such a&she-a heathen apart from God's gracsre-                 in hlis hours <of distress, he had many heathen as his
dound to His ipraise. But the. fact !of Christ's descent Ibenefactors.        W.ith a view to .placing ,his kin beyond
from her approves the faith by whi,ch she acted.         _     the reach of Saul, <and doubtless mindful of the fact
    It is possible to tdetermine,  approximately at least, that .his gr,eat-grandmother  was a Moabitess, he went
the tilme in which the <book can have been iwritten. It t-0 the king of Moab and said, "Let my father and my
is not likely that the (book was written after Solomon.        mother,. I pray `thee, come forth an!d be with you, till I


                                      T       H       E               -S.TANDARD-BEAkER                                            2 3 1

 know what God will- do with me" (I Sam. %X11 :3).                    But  Jewis'h tradition assigned' it  to  a  cplac'e  *between
 Accordingly he leads his sather and mother `thither. Job and the' Proverbs and'thus gave it an independent
 And they remained in Mloab' until Davi`d received the p&ition, the reason being teat they had respect to the
 *kingdom. At a later ti'me, he remembers the kindness M&s&ii.c doctrine contained in it and which gives to it
 that the king ,of Amman had shown him (II Sam. X :2). `a higher idea, of wliiircb  the lbirth of Davi,d is the <crown.
 While he was hiding~in the cm6 of Adullam, m&y war- The #book trecognizes that also spirit@ Israelites _ like
 like people attached themselves to him, from whom he Ruth could become children `of the kingdom. And its
 recruited his "mighty -men" arild later this (bodyguard. Messianic doctrine is that "All  th,e families of  `the
 Their names Kerethi aad  Pelethi (II Sam.  VIII :19)                 nations shall bow Id;own ,bef'ore  th.ee ; f'or the Bingdo,q  is
 indicate that they iwere %oreigiyers. -He ,dwelt  a Itong Jehovah's .and he rules among the-n&ions" (P,s. XXII' :
 time in the Philistine icity of Gath (I Sam. XXVII) ; 27, 28). It is especially in the Psalms that the relation
 there, too, bands of ,b:rave.meti  collected about him, and of the Gentiles to the kingdom of Christ is unfolded.
 they were for him in his la,st great .distress,  brought                                                             f2. M. 0.
 on by Absal,om (II Sam. XV::18).  Uriah, who gel1 by
 David's sword, was a distinguished peTson in Israel.
 And he was a Hittite  or d:escendant Df -HeI& (,I1 Sam.
 XI :3). The warxijori of -Da+id  inch@ed .other foreign-
 ers.' There was an Ammonite  named Zelek (II Sam.
 XXI.11 :37). It was in the house ,of a Gittite, that is,
 a man from Gath, that Davild placed the ,ark. In the                               I N   H I S   FLjti
 hour of  Absalom's revolt, it was foreigners who re-
 mained &rue to. him.. An Ammonite provided him' with
 provisions in his  fl%ght (II Sam. XVII  :27).  Hushai                                 Indoctrination  -. .
 the  Archite (of  Arke, in Phoenicia)  di.d  hi&  :wlell by
 d!estroying  the ,counsel  of the traitor Ahithofel (II aam.             The Church must indoctrinate her covenant seed,
 XV :32). Remarkable was the faithfulness of Ittai, the `the man of God'. And to indoqtlrinate her means `to
 ,rnan pf Gath. David said to- him (II, Sam. XV :19ff) : instruct -in- doctrine'. The Stan.dar,d Dictionary gives
 "WBher&ore  !goest thou also with us? return to  -thy                t.he  foll,owing description or  :definitlon  o,f the  ,word
 place, ,and abide with the king, for t,hou art a stranger, `doctrine'. "Doctrine, that which is taught or set forth
 and also an exile. Whereas thou earnest (but yesterday, for acceptance `or Ibelief;  that whi& is held to be true
 should I this day make thee go up alTd down with us? by any pers:on,  sect, or shoal, 8especially in religion'."
 seeing I go whikher I may-; `return thou and take back                   From bhe f,oregoing it is plain that a. dolctrine may
- thy Ibrethren;  mercy and truW be with thee." D&id be false or true, sound or uhsound. Naturally, when
 her.e speaks like  Neomi.' The  answer  of Ittai shows we say that it is the task ,of the Church to indoctrinate
 that he, l.ike Ruth, had ,come to trust under the ,wing the' &an of God,  .we mean that the Church must
 of Islrael's  God. "As Jehovah liveth, and as the lord indoctrinatie   i&e covenant seed in the sound  dbc-
 my king Iiveth, surely .in what place the lord my Ikling trine. And `sound doctrine' is for us  d`octrine  ,based
 slhall #be, wheth.er in death or life, even there also `will- upon, in harmony with, lexpoundinlg the tmbh of Scrip-
 thy servant be." "A.nd Dav.id said to Ittai, Go and pass t.tire. Still more specifical.ly we may state that indoc-
 over". David, the `man according to God's heart, the trination. `means for us instructidn in the doctrine of
 anointed kil;lg of Israel,  loved by heathen men. Her&e, .the Protestant Relformed  Churches.,- As Chu&es the
 too, the t,ie that .bin.ded was spiritual. Nmer again in Lord has entrusted to us the precious heritage of. th_e
 Israel's h$istory d,o such attachments come to view. The Refornied f&hers, the do&rine  ,of the Reformed Church.
.aondusion  is warranted,  thqefore,  that the book of Hence, we `claim and a% convince$  that the doctrine of
 Ruth, the aim of whi.ch is t.o .set f'orth a Gentile's love our churches is the  true doctrine of  %he Reformed
 ,of God and His peo,ple,  was written durimlg the reign of fathers: We are qot a `departure `or deviation fro'm the
 David. The book may have been written during the Reformed truth  $ut we are historically  R'eformed.
summit of David's glory, when  h'e had  -peace on `all Not as though we ,would  subscribe to ev;ery.statement
 sides. At that ti,me a contemplative view of David's some Reformed father' has made in the' past,. For
 history gave rise  to the book.  :                                   examO$e, we IbelIeve `chat John Calvin was a Reforsmed
    `The position of ihe book ilil the Canon. The Septua- man. who taught Reformed `doctrine. However,  that
 gint attached the  b&k closely  60  %he book of the ,does not at all imply that we can agree with every
 Judges. This is correct,, as, accord,ing to the first verse., dogmatical statement which was made ,by this great
 the events which it  narrates  too& place when the R,eformed  theologian,. .There  is also such a t.hing as
 judges ruled.' What is m'ore, the book  is also a genea- development in. t.he truth aacl! the dorctrine  o$ the Re-
 logical  narwtive iptrpdwztory  to the  history of  D+-qjcI! fymeCJ  f$&ers. J$,l&iq  wqrq  n?t true,  Refpmed  docm


  232                                   THE:  ` S T A N D A R D   BEARER  _

  trine wouBd Ibe stagnate, md oo&tiquen'cly every depart- that our fathers were wrong in this respect. However,
  ure in <detail wo,uld  be a ,departure  from the Reformed we ,do !not admit, but on the contrary :e8mphatically deny,
  truth. MO, but ,wlhen iw'e claim to be Reformed, also %hat' the:doctrine of common grace finds' i&s historilcal
  hist,orically,  we mean this in the progres@ve sense of roots and $oun;dation in `the Reformed fathers. To con-
  the word. There is such a thing as 4develaopment, clear-. fess the theory zof common .grace is nolt a development
  er insight, purer conception, more `proper. emphasis, of the main, Reformed, historic  1Jne  ,of the  fabhers.
  ,better  definition, etc. Calvin is futiher advanced than Hist:orically  common `grace is not Refoulme,d. The basic
  the fathers of the Reftormatioti. If this were not's0 it line and conception of Reform& doctrine has no room
  simply woluld imply that the wotrk of the .H,oly .Spirit for  commo!n  g&e. The  develaopment  of  the organic,
  was stanlding still. No, but there is progress, develop- Re$or.med line of the fabhers  must needs lead to the
  ment ,of dogma and doctrine im. the bhurch. Take e.g. purging of heretical statements by some of the fathers
  the -doctrine of the covenant. We do  actual.ly claim and a very' e.mphatic denid oif common grace. The true,
  that with respect to this doctrine, we as -Protestant basic Reformed line and the sdoctrin,e  of grace, as taughi
  R&formed Cbun!zhes are histori,cally  Reformed, lbut we jand confessed IbY our fathers, ,does not !blossom  bout in
  d,o not hesitate .one moment  to also, state that accor.ding 8 theory of. c!o,mmon  grace ,but p~rti4ur grace. That
  to our  lconviction   .wle  un'derstainrd the  daootrine  of the is the  .historic  line  `of Paul, Augustine, Calvin, the
  covenant ibetter  and clearer/ tmhan our fathers ever did. fathers of the 16th and the 19+h century. It is historic-
  We have built .upon their goundation but we certainly ally not Refor.med  to co!nfess co1mmon  grace, and it cer-
  believe that lwe are further ad&&d! than our fathers, tainly is not ~oonfessionally Reforlmed,  the very term is
  and also have eliminated. d~octrinal doncepti,ons of our of Arminiaa <origin and the w~or~cl "common' is a much
  fathers in re the covenant ,whioh  we firmly believe are favored Iword in their 8dogmatical  vocabulary.                 '
  tiot Scriptural., Think e.@. of the so-called `covenant               i am afraid we have drifted away a little from the
  sf works' t-aught by many of our  fa&ers, although original i!nLention sand plurpose ,oV this article, although
 never incorporated unto  our.  ootn&essional  standards, it is a very small matter to come baick on. the right
  But a repud.iatioa  of the wrong iconceptilon  of our fath- traok.  What we have written so far certainly must
ers, on the  *basis   ,olf  Scrilpture, is not a repudiation or -have made it Icrystal  <dear to, any Protestant Reformed
  a deviation frotm the R,e.fomed  truth, btut it is a ptiri- perso!n  who reads these lines that as churches we have
  fying ,of the `Reformed ldoctrine  from. errors and wrong a ,very particular task with respec;t  to the indoctrina-
  conceptionswhich  historicalJy h&crept ,in$o the (church tion iof `t.he `man ,of God' in the midst .of our church.
  through the teachings `of some of her most .emin;ent As churches we must indoctrinate  ..our   childFen in
  fathers.                                                       specific Protestant Reformed doctrine. The latter l&oes
     The same holds  t?ue for the  do&&e of grace. not mean that there is  `no room  $or teaching  B$ble
  Also in this ,f>ndamental.  &&rine we are &&her ad- history. There certainly is. But even so the tea&ing
  vanced than were our Reformed .ftithers'iby and large. of Bible history is based upon and rooted in doctrtile.
  And ,&hat we are further advanced and have a clearer Ttea%hisng B,ilble history, whir& is very i.mportant, is not
  insight than ,man.y ,of the fathers is due to the develop- a teachirig of ,bare facts .but the facts are interpreted,
  ment `of Ref6rmed ,doctrine, th.e continued operation of explained,  am:d they  -can not  be. disassociated from
  the Holy Spirit in the Ohupch, and all this fin close con- Scripture as a whole and from doctrine. Any teacher
  nection with the necessity of combating the ,error of who teaches Bible hist,ory but has fnnio'.definit,e  do&rinal
  those  who  ,depart from the Reformed line of truth.           conceptiqn, has no fo,un!dation   ,to stand on  and must
  But, you say, suppose that :our fathers had room .for of necessity  Ibe a poor Bible history teacher.  Andi
  the doctrine of common .grace, aa& suppose one finds esplecially is this true oif the churoh. The churrch can-
. eveni stat,ements to verify and prove this .claim (which not be satisfied. with mere `facts.' of history. It must
  might not ,be too difficult a task), does it Mllow from- ,teach  its seed the contents ,of Scripture, `the doctrine
  this now that Iwe, Protestant Rleformed  Chur.ches,  have of  Sc&pture.  And your particular  adoctrinal  concep-
  departed.ifrom  this `do,ctrine' of the fathers? Th'e latter t@ of the Word ,of God- determines the kind of doctrinle
  of course is indeed the claim of the Christian Reformed. you teach `the man  [of God': And our  ch.ildren need
  Church.  Tlhey tell us that they  `do  a&n80rwle;dge  and Protest%& Reformed [doctrine because `we believe that
  have developed th.is precious truOh o,f the fathers, but our da&rine .is the .doctrine-80f  Scripture a& that as
 .we deny it.  `Wthat  <must  1b.e  `our  ansyer? In the first chtirches we have the purest knowledge atid conception,          .
  place,   surjpose it is true that,  our  fathers  generally    of t.he truth of the Word of Gold. To impart to `the
  taught common grace. IThat in itself is no -reason man. *of God' that truth, ,our truth, God's truth, the
. %why we shou1.d teach it. If our fathers were wrong in doctrine of our chu'rch, is the task of$he church. It is
  this respect, l'et us be honest before GOI& and `our con- her God-given task which she may not shirk. And it is
  science and repudiate this do&rine,  smark it as unsound also absolutely n.ecessary ifor the very existence and
  and false if we ,are convinced, 100 the ,basis 09 Scripture,* future ,of our churches. If as churohes we neglect $
                                                                 ..      .-


                                         "  T H E   STA'NDARD  - B E A R - E R                                                        233

  indoctrinate our children in our  specific  Reformed
  doctrine'we  are definitely lost.              .  -  -
   There are a good many people, an@ alas, we have                             FRO&I  la!lIKFl  WRIT
                                                                                                     '
 -them in our own circles, w,ho are afraid of `doctrine'.
  The complaint. is ,often made, although not always
  audible : "Doctrine is too deep, too heavy, too solid,                        `
                                                                                I .  .  .  . Hating made  kno,win  to  us the  Mpstery  of
  youthful minds cannot understand it, assimilate it,                           His will . . . . . (namely) to sum up all things in
  grasp it, why bother the children with doctrine." Such                        Christ . . . . even, in Him."
  rea.soning is very foolish. In the first place you always                                                         - E p h .   1:8-10.   '
_ indoctrinate -no matter Iwhat you teach: ?here is not
  suoh a thing as. instruction in the W,ord of God, the                T*he conclusion at which we arrived in ,our former
  truth ,of Soipture  without at the same time indoctrin- article was, that the phrase "in all wisdom and pru-
  ating. The  >ohurch always  inldoctrinates,  but that  in- dence", iln verse 8,  `does not refer to the manner of
  d'octrination may be false? unsound, shallow, superfi:cial        God's dealing with us, to Divine virtues that plromptea
  etc. But i~n:doct~ri.nation  it is,                               H!im to cause His riches or grace to abound to us. It,
                                         And we must insist that
  as churches `we indoctrilnate  sound, true, specific Pro-' rather must ,b,e ufnderstood to designate the content,
  testant Reformed sd'octrin:e.  And Protestant Reformed or at least a phase of the content, of the riches of grace,                           -
 ,doctrine  .is never supenfi~cial, .it is not shallow because that God (causes to abound to us in the Beloved.
  the Wo!rd `of God is not shallow. Hence, whenever our                Just what this ri,ches oif wisdom and prudence re-
  people complain about-too much dloct.rine  it often m&ns, f'ers to, we intimated in our former article in our at-
whether this is  nealized or not is a different matter,             tempt to show to what thi.s phrase refers. However,
  it  ,often means, I said, that they complain against we did not show yet what  plaice  t,his "wisdom" and
  Prot,estant  Reformed  Idoctrine as  snch. Of course, I "prudence'! have in the Divme  scheme of all the work
  Idton't mean t,o say that awe must iindoctrinate  the (man of  Goid in Christ Jesus in this present world. This
  of God' without any .regard to sound laws `of peda-. `consideration must .needs wait till we consider this
  gogics.    We certainly must reckon with age, mental just enumerated scheme of the `work of God. We.must
  capacities, etc. etc., of the pupil, but we must iby all1         consider the implication of the "Mystery ,of God's will",
  means indoctrinate in tile Protestant Reformed ,doc- the reumting of all things in Jesus Christ. As soon as
  trine. Besides, we should start at an early age.                  this latter iis rather clearly established we will ibe in a                -
      Of course in this work the church needs above all position to show (how and why. God has ceased, in this
  the wholehearted cooperation of the home, -but the scheme of His  ,work,  all  wisdolm   and  pru.den!ce to be
  church does-the indoctrination; it is her very sol~emn            ours `in such an a:bundant measure,
  calling and task. And it is only throu,gh the indoctrin-             Before attempting to analyze and thus grasp the
  ation that t,he church can remain doctrinally, ,but also coutenk of the various concepts in the verses 8-10, we
  spiritually strong, maintain and preserve her  speoific must look rather rearef,ully at the senten,ce  ,oonstru.ction
  characteristics and soundness. For the-child of to'day 3n the text.. Correct exegesis is at bottom, at least .in
  is the, man of tomorrow-and the youth ,of today is the .a good measure,. a matter of grammar.                              And this
  mature member, elder, deacon, minister, professor df axiom may be considered to aplply particularly in these
  dogmatics tomorrow.                                               verses.
     -Now the chu.rch indoctrinates and ,must indoctrinate             Let us look,at  the text. Of course, you have a B'ible
  `the man of God' through the office (of the ministry of at hand? What do .pou nlotice in verse .9 ? First of all,
  the Word. This leads us to the subject of the presoh- that the first part of the sentence reads .as foll:,ws:
  ing `of the W,ord and the .catechizing  of the covenant "Having made known to us the Mystery of His will,
  youth. But `our space f,or to'day is about filled, hence, acoording to His good p%easure",  #does this mod.ify the
  in a following article we hope to say a few more th,ings          participle  "Ihaving made .known  the Mystery [of His
  about the subject matter we toeched  upon in this last will", does. it refer to the "making known", telling IUS
paragraph.                                                          the Divine Standard, thle measuring-rod of God apoord-
                                                       J. D.        ing to which He imparted the kaowliedge   concernim!g
                                                                    the  <`Mystery   *of His  w~ill"?  ,Or must we conceive of
                                                                    -this phrase as modifying the infinitive phrase "to sum _
                                                                    up in one  HeaId  ,a11 things in Heaven  t . .  ."? If
                                                                    the latter, the phrase tells us that' the w,ork `of God
              For.ever  praise and bless His name,                  in c&-mection iwith His. entire handiw,ork,  His Universe
              And in.the Clmrch His praise pro&Qn ;                 .is executed according to His  etennal  good'pleasure.
              In Zion is H.is dwellilag place,                        The second question that calls for an answer is:
              Praise ye the Lordi, shew forth His grace,            WhaTis the relationship between "The Mystery of His


                                        c

234                                          T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R

Will" and the infinitive phrase "to sum up all things biblical axiom that both the content of the Mystery of
in Christ?`? W,e believe that to this question we must God's will, and the making known of-.this Icontent;  are
reply, that in the latter clause w.e are.told what the execute.d   .~by  Go.d  acoording  to His sovereign  good-
content is `of the Mystery-of God's will; The technical- pleasure. Thus we read in verse 11 of this same chap-
-grammatical term to .express  this relationship .is : apo-- ter : "Who .( God) worketh all things according to the
siti,onal  infinitive  cotnstru~oti,on.      The idea is: The counsel of H.is will". We surely must conceive ,of both
Mystery od His Will, npme,?Q, to sum LIP all things- in the co,ntent  ,of the Mystery and of the making known
Christ! Those of us,  wh,o have  cot forgotten all the ,of the Mystery as falling um&er the "all things" that
grammar we learned,  ,even in grammar  school,  will are worked, energized- by God.
remember that we have this idea of aposition -also                    Holwever, the jfact, that it is thoroughly Scriptural
with  adjectiv'es  modifying nouns. Thus in the sen- to say that God makes the content of the Mystery of
tence: Roses, red and white  `were  plentiful. Again, His will known to us according to ~His good pleasure,
you will remember the apositional rel.ation.ship  od ~li:ouns.    does not yet imply that  such is the teaching of the
Thus : `"John;  -the blacksmith worked all day. The Alpostle in this parti,cular phrase. Fact is, that we .are
noun, "~blacksmith" is the same man as Jqhn, only it strongly to deny this. We -would ~~11 your attention
tel1.s  us something about the man which the.name  John to the following in the text, which we believe supports
13oes not. And so. it is also here in this sentence under our contention, that the Apostle bere `does not explicit-
consideration. The (clause: "To sum u.p all things in- ly teach that God makes the Mystery--of Salvation
Christ" tells muus the sp&ifi,c content `of the.".Myst:ery  of #known  according to His good pleasure.
His Will",                  -                                         First of all, let us notice, that to assign ,+&a two-
  We now proceed  <one step forward. The next fold grammatical function to  the. phrase  "aciording
question is: If the phrase:  "Accor.ding  to His Will". to His will" is very unnatural. Its construction  ,and
refers to the infinitive .phrase "to sum up all things .resultant  meaning is forced. It seems to me that it is
,im  Chlrist", and should it not. modify  t.he participle an  attempt to read too much  L'theology9f' into this
"having made ikno,wn", what is then its relationship particular phrase.
to the concept  YMystery of `His  Will?."?, To this we             Seoondily,  be it pointed-out, and that most emphatic-
reply: it is then apositional, that is, it then modifies ally, that we feel that to make "according to His good
the yclause `*to sum up all things in Ghrist" -and thus @easure" modify "making kno'wn" is at. variance with
it modifies the manner in which the  ~oontent of the the logical line of the Apostle's reasojnning. The point
Mystery of God's Will is brought about historically.              that the c0ntex.t  makes is- that God :has &used  all wis-
       We might  ~simplify this somewhat involved  dis- dom and prudence to become our possession. But how?
cussion `by calling attention to the resultant meanings By making--known to us how God makes known the
arrived at in the two, divergent renderings o$ the text. Mystery  ,of His will? Is that  impoirtant` here, even
Attend to the following-:          .                              though, -(be it repeated, it is in itself a ~bi~bhcal  truth?
       1. If  "acoorcling  to  IHis  .good pleasure" refe&  tw To ash this question is to answer it. What is the issue
the "making knlown" then the sense of the text may bz then that is  :of importance? What the Apostle is
paraphrased in the following propositi~ons.                       attempting  .to tell us, and indeed does teach us, is, that
  a. God ~made the Mystery `of His will known to us God has `given us this wisdom and prudence in making
to cause the riches of His grace to albound  to us in the known the fact that He  woulrd reunite all things in
very specific ,blessings of "wisdoim  and prudence".              heaven and on earth liln the fmness .olE time, and that,
     !b. This act of Revelation, .of bnparting knowledge too,  acoorcling   to His good  plea.sure.  And this latter
of the Mystery  `of His will was performed by God observation is, to our mind, the determin~ing  factor. -
most emphatically accord&g to the good. pleamye #of                  To bring out clearly the teaching of this text we
His will. Paul would then state this very -specific- would paraphrase its meaning in the folllowing propo-
al1.y.                                                            sitions. This will at  `once give us a certain line of
     c. But th!is would then not .be the sole ~purpose  of reasoning to follow iln our discussion of `the ~varioud
ihis .modifying  phrase lin the text. T#he Apostle maZ;es !aoncepts  in the text, `and thus we will the more easily
this "good pleasure" the antecedent  ,of the relative be ab1.e to gain the ,conception  #of the text as a whole.
clause that EolloWs, namely,. "Which He hath purposed                Attend  t,o the following :
in, Him  (`Hims,e;lf) to sum up all things in Christ'!.              1. God has made known, revealed to-us theMystery
Grammatically, the "goold pleasure" must then be con- of His will:
sidered to ,be presented as not only the determining                 2. The Mystery of His will consists in: to sum up,
factor of the fact that the Mystery is made known and to reunite un-der one H:ead all things that ,are in heaven
of the manner of its revelation; but also as determining and that` are OID iearth.
the ,content of the Mystery.                                         3. That this uniting into one of all things in heaven
       Now wle may immediately  `remark, that it is a very. and on earth is performed; by God according to estab-


                                       T H E   S T A N D A R D , ,   B E A R E R                                           235

   lished plan. This plan, although d&signat.ed by vzur~ous       associate8 wit.h the term. The term, so to speak, b,e-
   teEas in Moly Writ generally, is here called: &Iis good. comes sanctified in thk service of God and His `church.               .'
   pleasure.                               D                         Here in the, &ook of Ephesians we meet quite often
        4. -Finally, that iti this making known of the Mys- with the term "My&ery". Thus in ichapter 3 :3 : `"rH~lw
   iery of His  will thus  coinceived, God has caused! all that by revelation He niede known unto me the Mys-
   wisdo'm and prudefice to ibecom8e ours im a large meas- tery; (as I wrote afore in few words, W,hereby  when
   ure, and that,.`too, in the riches of His-grace.               ye read, ye may understand my knowledge of -the Mys-
        HaTping thus determined the grammatical -relation- tery of Christ". Again in 3 :8, 9 we read : "Unto me
   ships of the clauses .in thi,s portion $oif H,oly Writ, `we who am less than the least ,of all saints, is this grace
  can now pr;o,ceed.  in attemptiing to determiqe  the mean- given, that I shou1.d preach among the Gentiles .thc
ing and implication of the various concepts  giiren               unsearchable riches of Christ; .and make all men see
   h e r e . .                                                 .' what- is the dispensation of the Mystery,  mhiich from ~
        The first coil,c&pt that- calls for explamation, is, un- the ages bath ,been hid -in God, Who created all things
  dioubt~edly, "The Mystery of His will". What. especially in Jesus Christ."
   calls for study and comment is. the term "Mystery".               From these passages,  espeiially   when compared
        Of this term Dr. Herqann Cremer iti his "Bib~li<al with Col. l:26; 27, `we can gain a rather clear concep-
   T,heological  Lexicon" m,akes the  f,oll'owing Comment tion of what Paul umdierstands under this ter,m.
   both as to the etymology and ai to the current usage            Paul speaks  (her& of. certain matters  `which were
  of the term in Classi~cal Greek. Says, he : "Musteeirion        `lfrom the .ages `hid in God, creator gf all things" ; but
   (IVIystery, G.L;) from muoo, to closti, to shut, e.g. the now  th.ey are' no longer  `hIid,  tchey-have  ,been made
  lips, th.e eyes ; . . . . it is also used of closing wounds. knowln, yea, so known, _that t.hey can be openly preached
  Hence, %oo, a locking up,`or that w&h serves for lolzk- in -all the world. The logical coat&t `of the mysteries
  ing up, anld what obstructs, hinders, excludes percep- are now through the  prealtihing  a  m&tier of- public
  tion 6r commumiicatioa - mystery. In Classical Gneek knowledge !
  ..(the term is) usually in  th'e plural, -(ta Musteeria)           The apostle seems to. draw the foll'owing  lines iln.
  as denoting secret politico+religious doctrines, the Mys- t&s  matter.                           . .  _
  teries, especially ,of the Eleusian mysteries, w'herein            1. That the subject matter of the Mystery is cen-
  sdme secret information, which has in twrn to `be kept trally: Christ, the' Christ of God concgived  of. as the
  secret, was coNmmunicated to the initiated".           _        Anointed of God to be the `True Prophet, th& Great
      As to the idea of the term in its current usage in High  Priest after the order of.  Melchisedec, and the
  Classileal Greek, Dr. Cremer dramis the following con- King at God's rig.ht hand having all powleer in heaven
.  crusions. Says  he,. "Mystery does not  plroperly   dea,ote    and oii~ eartlh. Thus Paul says in Cd. 1:2'7 : "To whom.
  that  .<hich is wholly withdrawn from  kriov&dge,  or God  woul'd make known what is the  r&es of the
  cannot be known, ;but a "i?nowl&ge of hicUen things glory of this Mystery among the Gentiles, which ,is
  which is in itself to be kept secret, or which is un- Christ in  you,  the hope of  ,glbry." All the Mystery
  knowable withont special communication of it." And of God is contained in the Christ; outside of Him
  to pro1T.e this o_bs&vation, he quotes the .reniarks of a there  js no Mystery known. All that was  f,crmerly
  scholiast (an anci,ent  .aVnotator of classical texts) on hidden is known in Him. Compare  Feb. 1  :l.  An.d
  Ar%tophanes   an.d  Diigoras.                                   again says Paul: "To make known the unsearchable
       This data-and these conclusions fro,? the usage of riches of Christ". Hence, centrally, Christ .is the con-
. . the term in Classic Greek dloes not, it is true, teach us     tent of God's Mystery. All that was hidden in God,
  anything positive as. to the pIroper  Bi~blical coneepti.on     and that has now bmeen made known, is embodied in
  of "Myst&ryP', more particularly, .as we meet the term Hini!                     -
  in the wiritihgs of Paul's qzistles. Yet from this we do           2.  Shalil man,  any man  know this Mystery, then
' learn some important.matters.  By way of c,ontrast, we it must .be -revealed, uncovered to him. This was un-
  learn,  &at, as  `we trust  8w!ill  becom)e  evident  illl~ our covered; Iby the'Son ~4 God in the flesh, (who yet as in
  study of this term from the Scriptures, in the- mouth the bosom of the Father. John 1:X                         I
  of Paul; who spoke by revelation, the- term receives a                                (To be  contimued)
  new conkent and is set in a new and different ihought-                                                          G. L.
  world. But e&n so, this does not mean that the %erm
  in Scripture looses its fundamental etymol,ogical  mea?-'
  ing that it has in .Classic Greek. The fundamental,
the 4ormal~ notion of the term remains; namely, that it a-                 Exalt  .the  Londi, His praise proclaim,
  refers to something hid, which cm-not be known unbiis .                  Al! ye His serrahts, praise His  name:
  it  f&&  be  reve&ed.  In Holy Writ the.  suiperstiti'ous                   Who in the Lord's house ever stand,
  eletients fall away that in the Greek Mysteries:were               .-       And humbly serge at His comtiand,


 2 3 6                                 -  <                 ".THE  S T A N D A R D   BE..ARER

                                                                                 pretatio;l  of the great mysteries of life. There is neal
                                                                                 intolerance born. And we've got to  ,go a long, long
                  P E R I S C O P E   a_  _ waj: toward the "other fellow's ,viewpoint, even though
                                                                                 that viewpoint differs greatly from  your own, if we
                                                                           _     ever do achieve the reaq :brother8hoo.d  of man ion earth.
 A BEAUTIFUL CONFESSION I                                                          By the way, my dea?, away deep in the im;terior *of
     "Dear Miss Wayng! ; I am 16 years old and a senior                          China  @day Iives a humble w,oman;               I ' d,o not know
 in Hi.gh School. Above all else I am a Christian and her personally. I merely  know she's there, and there
 I love the Lord J!esus Christ with all my heart.                                are a ,good many like her. She has sons and daughters
                                                                                 and she loves thhem very dearly, muoh as I love mine,
     "Because I am a Christian, I do not  l,ike to  see                          or.your mother loves hers. She is also a poor, benight-
i  renidzks  and statements made whifch ~deny my Lord.                           ed, heathen Chinese, an.d nobody evkr told  her about
 In your ~~olumn,  Thursday, December 20, you made Jestis or any #of the other great leaders who lived and
 this statement : "We are all God's people, and there ,died and .niade this world a fbetter  pla&. You see, fate
 dre many, many  fine and  lbeautifu'l paths to Him".                            evidently decreed this Chinese IwIoman must live and
 `I d6 not wish to, present any denominational creed, abut 1 die and qever Iknolw the story of Jesus as you and I
 I do  Iwant  t,o point out  y&r  -errorIs  from the Bible,                      kinoti it.
 which I hbelieve to .be fhe.very.  Wond of God.                                     Now it h,appens  that you and I believe the story Ioif
     "In the first place, in regard  60 your statement,                          Jesus, of His divine Ibirth,  ,of His life on earth, His
 "W:e  `are  all  G,od's people". In the Gospel of  Jol~1 I crucifixion, and His  resurre&ion   unto eternal life.
 read `this, and I quot,e : "But as many as received Him Yon Say, however, that in your- &isdom no person is a
 to them gave He Power to become the Sons of God,                                son of God unless he believes e&y word in the Bible
 eve.n td them that believe ,on His Name". As an iintelli- and &at there is omly one way to God. SO THERE
 gent wor@n, Miss' Wayne, surely from this verse alone Y,OU AND I MUST GO OUR SEPARATE  W&YS.,
 you' caul see that a Unitarian who denies the virgin I believe in Jesus, but .the Jesus I believe in wouldn't
 .birth <of `Jesus Christ -and His atoning bl.ood [could not Condemn that' Chinese -mother and her children to
 be a ,chli;ld #of God.                                                          eternIc1 damn&ion  just Ibecause fate decreed she should
     Secq;ldly, in regard to your second statement:                              never hear a.bout.Him. 1 find myself even reluctant to
 "There are many, many -fine and beautiful pat& to anticipate even a lbrief soj,ourn  in a bright heaven that
 IEpil". Iri' J:ohn 14 :6 I rea,d : "I.am the way, the truth                     does mlot admit all the struggling people oi the earth.
 and the life ; lno man cometh unto the Father but .bjr                          I expect to'wallk  the pearly streets  along with all colors
 me." It is seen easily that one who denies Jesus Christ and .c.reeds and all manner of men who l.ive the. good
 cannot come to God when He is the only way. In the life. WE IHAVE NEED bF REAL TOLERANCE IN
 verse following the-<one  just quoted,-I-read:  "If ye had THIS OLD W'ORLD. Alas, those who think they have
 know;1 me, ye should have  knoiwn  my  .Father  also". it most, veY'y oftem have it ieast".
 Therefore iln the light of these precious words from                                                                 "Priscilla. Wayne."
 the Gospel of John alone, you can see t.hat wle are not
 all Sons of God and that there are'not many ways to                                                    :I:  :i: :g  :i:
 God. In closing I would like to add a word of personal
 testitiony. It is this : I believe iti Jesus Christ; His
 virgin birth; His sinless life; ,His blood shed for the COMMENTS.:
 penalty of my sin ; His ,bodily resurrection ; His exalted                          The Miss Priscillzi. Wayli,e,  quoted above in answer
 place &en ;!ow at the Father's right chand ; His sooiiy to the letter of "Betty", is a daily &lumnist and writes
 return in power and  grkat  gl'ory.  Tha,nk  God,  `I am books and articles as &. leader of young people. She
 a true child of His".                                                           and the equally wellknown Dorothy Dix ,agree  quite
                                                            Signed : "Betty."    wfell in their  p3hil,osQhy  of life. And her  amswer   to
                                                                                 "Betty'!  tie term typically  moderri  and wicked. She
                                                                                 `aotidemns  "Betty;" and parts company with her, when
                                 :g      4:     *     3:
                           -.                                                    the  l&t&r giyes simple  tii'c&ss  to the truth of Scrip-
 A WICKED ANSWER :                                                               ture, and  cotifesses  that truth,  over  ggainst  &e lie
                                                                                 that  `we are  911  God's  .p#eopie.  Noti.ce that she is so
     "You write a~,very interesting-letter, Bet&.  I read "t~ole~ant" ( ?>; that she can not even tolerate the corn-
 it and I felt very, very sad, because one elf the things 8 pafijr of  Bettfi   iwho professes  opelnly that she  -is a
 that holds this sorry old world from the real ,brother-                         Christian. She, though professing to believe in Jesus,
 hood of man is the unwillingness of nice persons like nevel"theless   reveais a  witiked attitude. She actually
 you to permit any other person to have his own inter- does r& &&eve  in &XS, for s& refuses-t?
                                                                                                                            -  .%..     .b+ieve His
                                                                                                                                              .,  .;J


                                                                                                                  _
                                                                                                             -
                                                                               THE                    sT*ND*R.B-,~B,~`~R-~R-                                                                          _                                     $237. i
                                                                                                                                _._ .,~ ._._.._ __-_ _._ ______
                                                                                                                                                                      i .              _  _  _ _ .
  plain words. It is not a question of  ,having her own  `, a b&&&d` &i&F&&G& &j be e~r~ll&$$J~ .+lf$t -;&&p&iy. .
  "interpretation of the mysteries of life" as she calls it, In-ikfif&-ifig ;sis. ~.<C&+&&~~ &$e-&e  L&f&f?J-A -Q&t- 1:
  `:but it is-a question ,of ref,u.sing  to believe the, interpre- ..is :pkculia~~-`~~~~he`-Cli~~~ti~~I- .-.We: .hi$e t&e gsswgce  -.
  tatiton !of the                                                                                                                                                                               _  _  _ .
                             mysteries -of life, which Christ Himself :`._ that'God'is$eased and h5nored:and  thatthGh@i  `%V'eep~~  -
  gives us in His Word! She is an eniemy of the truth. ingmay~endure
                                                                                                                                                   _  for.tlie
                                                                                                                                                               -_             kiight, jdy tiometli in the-morn;"-
  She is dangerous and deceitful, for she professes to ibe. ..ing:" ~~$~r@t~i~` inr@&rd j~y~`ifi~.~uffe&@  `a&s 5 -Cf&&&fi,  - .'
  i,&the.camp of ,b&evers,  thereby deceiving others,  an~-~-an`cl`~he:~~~ferel;calr^:liid~::'thi?-~~~~~  worldin the-face'
 - yet she lis really in thxe .camp of the opposition.                                                                 _ :. : k,& ( hl& -B,&&nG jj,t -,fke` ~o,j&zj ,;i;f jeffi$: tfie&ts'liftft' `ij:p -I
                                                                                                                                   _ _ -.- - __ .._ - .___ r _.--_ _^ -                                        _  _._-.
           W!e also have admiration .for "Betty" who is not the- unhely .han& agaIn& hm. I :& &is. way .i$e -pQjf&ii :
                                                                                                                                                                                                      .-~_ .I _ -- .,
  ashamed tO,oTenly prOfeSS her f&i-$ &Spite h,er you&. .Wh6-%ff$!-&  %'&%&L~^diff&S  from tfi,h~6fi@e%%6`s'
  We believe that such personal t,estimony  shoulld (have- suff&i- &$,-a~.~~im~dli~~~`,~r  !a;~,~&jj' &fTir-&oef.  - T,& -&jdl&Js.  ,'
  a.larger ,place iln the lives ,of our yaut~:.too,:.-W~en~th~: man. ~h,a~ Gaul ~o~~en~a~ion-  ~~~ `his s~ff~~~ng' :n'd ,~~~or;t,~  ^
                                                                                                                                n,oL $isti&6ei  ) -The$bi~6rtiesg. o:f.
  apostle -Peter admonishes the church .:of God to be                                                                                                                                                  shatie :& ,&yd&  `+.. -it': .>
 ready at all times to give c`acG6~$~~m~f.   +~&eIhop~ +h,& ; ani$~-@~~&iji&  &m-h&   I$$~J "is` mi&aGte f&$jfis& 5 Bye 1'
                                                                                                                                                    _~  ., . .
  is in you", be ,&es not mea<' that w-e should., merely::.:not `. b&&m+,d; to. suff& _ .ii- ,a-: C&&ia;ri"' -..L A-Relfgibu,$.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ;__ ..,. .~._
  reveal who and what we are by s.imply ~stating~ thtit we, Telescope.
                                                                                            -------.-
  belong to a Pjrobestant  Reformed. Chunch;-for th$_t:-is';-
                                                                                ._-_ . . . . --. _,                                       ,
  not a personal testimony;, We  shotild state.  the`:trt@                                                                                                            _  4..  * Q  8
                                                           .  _.-.  -.  __...  .`..*" .          _
as  ,our churches  ~ofhcially confess  it; to be sure, but
  we should also- testify that THAT truth ,has made-us ." SIN,CIN,C IN CHURCH ,S,BRJLIC.ES: r __.____ _ ..`-- _ ~. _
  free, and ha6 lopened  our eyes to the marvels of God's
  grace,  .also in us  personaPy..--We  Ibelieve that such                                                                        _,In,`_`The  ReligiousDigest'~ .we.came~,aoross.anarticle
  personal testimony would &cause us to :be strengthenedL about  chtirch  &&sic, which  -we  .give.  to.ourreaders,  -b.e-.  -
 _ :in our faith and -also to .-reoeive...greater.  blessing upon liev&&: to&e .-w&h 6&i&. to' put, int.o ,.practic.e @hat . .
                         __  _  ,_
  the .cause  of pro.pag&ing  .th& :truth ?&side`~o~ ,o%vn is .old the& `IWe `-quote  the f.oll.owing : .`iIn conclusion, _ :.
  midst. W&--inward zeal -&r 1 then- testimony of the m+: +.. thin~k;;.. ~~poq ::THE PUR$OSB.~.-OI? MUSZ. 1::
  truth is also: the &G&@e~for  true .M~~~~on.~~.acti.~~ty, ,_ 1. .It is no& for~entertain~ent.:  .-i. It& &t. to&art. the. ._
  which, j,$&(.  mu,&.. lacki:ng.
                                                          .._     .$&our 2hurches and `$et-to - - $ervice;  _ -3.. -It: is : not .to. .f ilei. in time .-vhi~e,..~aiti~lg'. f or:.:
  which.: ,our, ' $urcheg.  _a-e'..ico-~~~t~-~~  __ C.er.tamly  .ithe: someone.: 4, -It &not. to drown~out.the. noise. whiie the. .'
- truth -isi.-always,  intolerant, for .$&d,&  i&$erant,  -, -It .: people.are  $eing.-seated.  .,~Ei.`,.It, i's nbt~.tb~take.~~e.place-1.                                                                                                                       _
  broo~~.no:~ppositlon;_ It,.lays.the.~enemy  of the-,truth :-.[of --s&n&hi@ .le%t .-out. `.of Vthe..program.~:..  6. It is.-not.:.
  aoTv.; And'. $ve -give ~p&+Qli.l  ~&$%i?~~ `sf' $a$,_`tiuJL sotiething %t;o~dO: as? a.xustp%n .or %&t I without any .i.
  we 1+$- :ceti:a..i&?fi~~k t& ..re~pqxJe  @t%&e y%$: l@ pa&c&r~%eason..  VV-W$IAT. IS. .`I%@- P.URPOSE.?... -1. . . .._
  ~nof' the truth : ~z6.s~o~~tl&-Fe  you ~~~~~d-:~~~~ust~g~..~~~~s~p~~~ii;e-  ^ a med-ium:..of  laderatiion,.  praise, .thanksgivi~i~g~pt_ worship,. .:
     -  z-"--  -7
  ways".. j3& _ iti.`. alid :th&o.ugli  .-it` all-l wt: -may. believe;_  ~_-- an'd~`s.u&li&?&i. _~ iC:ol; 3 ,;iG,iJ'7. .:.ZS- As- a~lmedium  :of- I_
  "$&&&~$-@s  lbolll'pf Co:d. &$rco.meth$he  worl,d.: and'- speaking to &e's self messages .of ,co&tf:ort~  &$Gage  and-. i
  this is the victory that obercometh  the-world;  e@n:o.ur  - .-`: exliortatioin::  L.-I!lph.. 5 : 19. r 3;. As `-alme.diu.m- ~of$eaching'.
                                                                                                       .: .               .,
  faith."                                                                                                                       and...admonishmg  : :o,ne.,another.?-  `doi. : 3::.16. : .I End-`.&..  _
     ~ _.__-. - 1.`-e.-. _.__^.__ _ i .______ -= ,. - .,___ ..-.- :- r ,?: -5:. -.                                                                                                   -.                           1                           .
            _  .`  _  :..*                         : 1           "_           ,._                                 _             quota%xi.-~~~.  --`--.-  .,_.  _  .- ,---Ie.Z   L-2  ._.  .~  _.  .._.__ . .
     ___- ._._.  _._. -. ~__ -....t _,__. .:.-. . . . . .._- .-. --.--_  .-  .-  - --_                                            . ,  -  .._
     ._           I : ,: ,.
                         .:-..  __.  L...  2  *  :R' p ..                                                                          Some of: you: :&ave--peGhaps  .read< of- the ,&&lent .:
     -_  .-.__                                              _ _ _   _-, _._.  -  ._  .__  -_  ~...  -  -  _  :  -  _--
            :     _..                                               _  1 .  `.
                                            :  ~--  _                                          :  -  _                          where the pastor announced Miss .Crosby's  hyrmil; .`f;Tesus :.
                                                                              .`.-.:  --. _  _.,.  7  T. --  -.  `:  -
  SU$!E"ERINC.AS-A-  CHJRI.STIAN? : :. :. .-,: i _ -- .-- -; _:.                                                           Keep Me Near The Cross", *but said, "We will omit the
      _                                                                                                                         seoond  and third stanzas". The author  `was in the
     ""-J&$&~~  sChpj&&  :a+i ~~t,:&F&&  bneTf&&'&f-  3 audience.                                                                                 She sprang to her f&t,~aying,  "Pastor, you
- fi&jfij$`.."~.fi fyy&ie`&&$:fb  i]i& $,uf$&@$ -&$ -n&n -&fter%:  cannot cut out the second a$ third stanzas of that
                                      -            _.
  m&&-L~ijff$--f$-' no-I~Qu&  -&Gfi-`~&n` that--#of:  their: 1 ,hymn : that would spoil the sense a.nd t,he-scene -of-the `, .
  l'oyalty to the right. Them C.AjY,d&le :,P&~T  $fij &i&Y -&, ..: ,wbol,e song, for the t,hree stanzas pres&nt  `a; complete -'
     .-..  L.  -.`t.If ~~hji`~~~-~~~fdr as ~si; ,C~~i,~tia;li,  `blot `him~ no2; st,ory'r~' .                                                                          .                                                 -__  -
  saying,                                                                                                                                        W&l],  $f&`doL  ~ot-&ng `J&y&j  in :our &Q&~&
  ,be &.&iti&j ,,; `.~.It-is dfie `kifid`,of.  stffg&.@  ig tif.i-&.`h~~.~ : w6~ssi~~  . -, &Jijf  %bilfif  W&j&j  to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                ..___. see:,anyone
                                                                                                                                                                                                             _`._  _.  _    sUdddy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   :  1                    `y
  ~2%: j-&&T ~$i&ctlon.
                                            -.             _ ItI is -@i;o& $f. ,:&is esw&+fiii;leg$e .                                                                                         - --  ;-  ._..             .-
                                                                                                                                sp~~~,o~~f.t~~th~`~~~~sl- as heis,oonductmg  the ser$ices;--'
,  &f&s ehic"ts:  ~~~~h~$&G~~`~of  %h$ :faithftil a'nd i-e&&i. But ,% `do .`b$lieve
                                                                                                                                                                     _   that 
                                                                                                                                                                              ..-__our" music and- ,our singing
  li&-&. ~~,m@&~J&~w  f&&$&p -witE  %h*i&L -T&a @~Fif'.  on.,@&y~'.~n ~@~&-~&&ifi;  c~u~&~.Jj$f~$,f~~~d  & :
   i,-J&tifies  hi& ~i$h'th~ev,&&  ?&eK.!a:fid  e$r&&--e ffi ~&em i a, I,& :,Ock '&igist&S  ,c&oufd T&o&g $j&r sO.n,g  nm&ers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   _ ._ __.   _
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ._'.

   wo.Ol;id,  .past-br  pfe&<t;-..  w~~ei~m~$~~~  '~d~~~~  ad$,ilbl;if$-. to fii' igj~~'the m&$&e:
                                                                                                                                                      _ _-_                    of
                                                                                                                                                                             _^__  
                                                                                                                                                                                       'tke
                                                                                                                                                                                       .  .  ;t&-l ~`A`- ~~j&Y&j fjk,&jjj;"
                  . . ._ -                                                                                                                                _..                 _-.
 t@~@ages   ,of  b&h  `Old'$fid'  e$f&$-T&i~&k$tL   '1 They :are hitm Z%icerniZig  -the song: ab,ouf:&o  -be -iung ~wou?d,  not `_
   th; &&&ct~v~ `g$~fi-&&dofe&lls  $@$ ~&de&&fm.it'is' be oufp&&&j, fo.2 2 $$&d-tenf$  to dkaq$ th&&&n(i&~

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  a                 _


  238                                     T H E   STANDA-RD  B E A R E R

 o,f the audience to the message of the song. We must THE BIBLE FOR THE BLIND:
 not forget that also the songs we sing have messages
 fxor' us: We should remember that, for instance, the               "The King James Version of the Bible is now com-
 mdoxolmogy or song oif pra.ise,  is not sung merely t,o give plete on ,records for the Blind. The Ol:d Testament is
 opportunity to put "on `our coats                               #on 129 records ; the New, on 46 records, The cost of
                                          &d  `wraps, etc. In
 some  Hol1an.d  church a song is sung after half the this  iwiork,  begun in 1934, has  lbeen shared  .by The
 sermon is finished.  f'or the purpose of  wakling  ,any Americain  Bible Society, anl The Library of Congress.
 sleeping  membters. This is not as it should be. Our The cost to blind readers is but a small portion of this
 Sunday worship should be a COMPLETE MINISTRY, amoulnt." - Alliance Weekly.
 in the word of God expounded, <but also in the songs we                                :b     ::E     *    :k
 sing, as well as in the `offerings given from `a t&hankful
 heart. That is why we believe that- !aot a few chosen ARMY CHAPLqAIN  CASUALTIES :
 si:nlgers should. constitute the body `of singers, ,but the
 whole church .#of. God, young and ,ol@ should join in :            `fThe Army Chaplain Corp suffered 387 ,casualties
"Sing a song unto Jehovah, for the wonders He has ~during the `war, 149 o,f them fatal; acoording t,o a ne-
 wrought".                                      -  I             port relteased by the Oiffice cof the Chief of Chaplains.
                                                                 The report also announced that .up to D,ec. 1, 1281 ohap-
                        :ic  :i: g *-                            lains had ,been rewarded a tbotal of 1685 :decorations,
                                                                 including 26 from foreign powers." - Religious News
                                                                 Service.
 VARIlOUS NEWS ITEMIS :
    The l?ungcwian Reformed Churches still enjoy re-
 ligious liberty, according to  R,ev. Ladislaus  Ravaz,,
 president of the general- sy~aod ,of the .Hungarian  Re-
 formed Churches. That- is .prima.rily <due to the fact             Internatiokd PoBitical Economy.
~ that there is balance of power` <between the various              In this, much abbreviated survey we first will say
 politi,cal parties. But though the Communists have that this subject has nothing in comlmon with INTER-
 refrained from attacking the Ichurch  for political. rea- NATIONAL ,COlMMERCE, nor- even with Imernational
 sons, poverty has brought the chufrch .under  govern-           diplomacy, for International polit& attacks the roots
 tment car,e and control, and as soon as the Communists of Nationalism,  wXing to exchange its solid rock
 are able to completely control the government,  it will f,oundation  with a sand support, while diplomacy and
 measn the suppression of the church. The Huiygarian commerce do lillot interfere with political Nationalism.
 Reformed Church is therefore seeking outside  aid so               Surely; it'is God who formed the nations, and it is
 that it may exist more ,independently. The immediate His most vehement opponent, Satan, who schemes to
 need is for 150,000 Bibles as well as [church periodicals,
         *                                                       reset  rnationalism into Internationalism under a  so-
 and the church will need outside help, he said, in re- called- Sn;:er Government `headed by the, Superman of
!building 532  -churches  and 2,160 parish buildings Nietzsche.
 which were damaged `during the war. The poverty
 ,of the people is <unbelievable, he stated, adding that            Satan is a lewd and a shrewd o:bserver, and &knows
 he personally is receiving only the equivalent of $1.50 that it is easier to co&rol the several nations under
 a month.                                               u        one head and one law, than the ,many under several
                                                                 heads and s,everal. 3aws.
                                                                    As long as the nations olbey Go.d in honoring politi@
                        :i;  :I:  *  *                           al nationalism,`so  long satan cannotbecome their `chief
                                                                 ruler in ful:l, although he ,is the acknowledg;ed  prifnce ;
 A-CHRISTIAN BOYCOTT:                                            as yet he- has not attained to his full kingship, which
                                                                 he shall possess in the future.
    "Mem~bers `of the Christian Listeners Associati'oin,            As-l,ong as the nations hold to their national political
 one of the .biggesf  groups of its kind in Denmark, now in!&ependence,  conducting their own government under
 numbers 70,000 with 554 ;branches throughout the coun- their kings, presidents- an,d potentates ; so long Satan
 try. The assocition  is said to (exert a considerable-in- will find  ,it  ihmpossible to  intro'duce  his selected one,
 fluence on programs <of the ,Danish State Broedcasting- -upon which `he will bestow the confederated nations
 C:ompaay. At its annual meeting ,in Copenhagen the .and their glolry, for that is jdklivered unto him, and he
 group passed a resoluti,on ,expressing  the desire that gives them to whosoever he will.-Luke 4:6.
 radio programs -shoul,d  Ibe free from vulgar language             As long as the nati'ons `cling to their own national
 and abuse of God's Name." - The Religious Digest;               God- blessed privileges, mainly `consisting of ,individual-


                                         T H E      sTAMD,A.-RD  BEA-R%-R                                                          239

 ism ; so long .Satan  will not jbe-able  to -give the kingdoms tian spirit  .at San Francisco. No! there is not,  .but
 Inor his authority to that man, ihis adopted son, the the bold -spirit  which' held the y,et unborn nations to-
 B'iblical  A n t i c h r i s t .   '                            gether  nrmer the power of a socialistic  dkctator&ip
     Rev. 12 :12 informs us that the d#evil is raving mad,       of 4000 years. ago, is openly and secretly operating
 bicause he knows that he has but -a short time, oif at that great city oif America. This spirit under the
 supreme control, ,when he `has succeeded to unite the .gracio&  pretention  ,of PEACE is inducing she na!i.ons
 nations as a great G'od-opposing  force into a super state to abolish NATIONALISM and .bend their tired shoul-
 headed by his chief, clothed with h:is power a:i?d author- ders under the oppressivie  yoke of a political-socialisti,c-
 ity.      ._                                                    communistic-international-totahtarian dictatorship, ad-
     When. this task is perfected then woe unto the earth miringly called ,a .SUPER-GOVERNMENT, never imen-
 when it shal.1 find-itself under absolute sway `of a ,human     t&ing its  `evil inspired. anti-christian head. Read
 being who has cast off .a11 influences and restraint ,of Psalm 2.
 a righteous God.                                                    Why are these nations now assembled at America?
   0 Sacred and profane .history  record that .about five For good and valuable reasons. 26 years ago America
 oenturies after the great catastrophe of the deluge, a refused to `have anything `to `do with such a political
 human #being, l NIMROD, h&d the yet undivilsed nations international Iwoir1.d  program, absolutely refusing to
 together-in' a sort of Socialistic Dictatorship, glorying. loose its mu'ch appreciatal national political indepen-
Humanism under the shade of  s the famous  ttower  of ,dence, but today a secret and hidden force is dr.iving
 Babel, purposely erected to ,oppose God and His coin- her into such an  ~unnatural world  icombine.. Will
 mand to scatter over the earth.'                                Ameri,ca,  without GOD be able to withstan'd now this
    Satan  .seemingly imagined that his short time had s p i r i t ?
 ,arrived, not knowing. that Gold! had yet a future glori-           Behol,d  her ally. England dehberately  cut her own
 ous world plan.                                                 throat. She wanted to -defeat Germany. She won.
    .God came down and sent them all over creation,              But, at hat price? It wwas ,Germany which for genera-
 leach nation to its `own  :by- Him appointed  cou~ntry:         tions held iback the Asiatic heathen hordes. But the
 creatilng  and! establishing  NATI,ONA!LISM with  its buffet  l&ate is gone  zxld  Englsand  fin& the  Russiain
 bright colors and open and hi,d blessings.                      cornnnmistic  iborder-s   exte:l,ded  to its own English
     As said, that was about four thousand years ago.            Canal.
    Five great World Empires, Assyria, Babylon, Media-               The gates of ,hell cannot conquer the Citzj ,of God.
 Ptersia, Greece and Rome tried to fuse the nations again
 into one great supreme world empire, and failed.                                                                     j-. J. H.
     But behold today; try to comprehend the spirit.                                                        South Holland, Ill.
 and the trend of  ,our time,. and be astonished  andi              This  cont+bution   could not be published earlier because of
 observe the general world movement IoiiT foot to press lack !of proper space.                                            - E D .
 the nations cjnce more together into a titani,c,  gigantilc,
 energetic  supOer+tate.
     #Political Nationalism is -dying, and World Safety
 is sought in a political international combine, calcu-
 lated to bring PEACE to a worl,d  perishing in bloody                                   IN MEMORIAM
 wars, depopulating the* earth, slaughterilng  its man-                                                .
 hood, burning cities and countries.           L                     On Wednesday,  DIscember  26, 1944, it pleased Almighty
     The so-called Christian na$ons ought to remember ,God to remove from our midst a  asister-member,                      0
 that God alone is able to give PEACE to the nations,
 and peace to `the indiviitiual conscierxce. But who among                            MRS. SARAH PRINCE                              .
 them seeks peace from above? Not ,one ! God is driven at the age of 64 -years.
 out of His creation, thanks to the three evil spirits. of           Once -again as Congregation we were reminded of our
 Revelation 16.                                                  human frailty  ,and thank  ,our -Heavenly Father for  ,the assurance
     June 1945, there were 43  relations assembled at of salvation:
 San Francisco, America.  Asmerica is still the out-                 "For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle
 standing nation with an apparent inclination  fair Chris-
 tian  l,ove, charity  .and sentiment, and yet, even as were `dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made
 hostess, she lacks the courage #of Topening the gatherings with hands, eternal in the heavens."
 with prayer reoogniz?xg  the KING of P-EACE,  seem-                                     The Consistory  of the First Protestant
 ingly being afraid to offend the none-christian na-                                     Reformed Church,  ' Holland, Michigan.
 tions:                                                                                                W. Hofman,  Pres.
     Thene' is no true, honest, sincere an,d humble chriq-                                             lX. Bguwman, Clerk.


           ;  240                                                                                                   THE  S T A N D A R D   B.EAReR                                                                 .
                                                                                                                   ~- __ .- :.. _
      -~ ..__ __._-__ _- .__-____  __- -......_ -- _- ._..--- ---...._ -.-. .-._
                                                                                                                                                            _  -En  merk `t gedoe, de  lbitt'ne' gal
                               (.  .  .  :.  ,...  ,_I.  :...                                                 I                     ._,                        Der  hoorrien  van het TIEN  getal.
      :                             -.  -.  -.  .  .;..
      .._.  _  ._ _ . __ _. _J&&2i
                                                                                          _  _  :.I+ ; _., .: j -1
     : :---.  _ ._ ~fi':B&$&: $Ll@&.$~rentrant- : -I -1                                                                                                     Eti sla hun  felle  iwoede  ga
     .  -.  .r  ,.._`. -`Q~d&kk&de  htit &meliand- : 1. -                                                                                                      IHI&X  sombhe  haat met geen gena;
      i....-. : ~.                           ..Wa~.h.alf--~~m~~.~rd..~-E~-v~~-h~a-~rt-~,oort                                                           .
                          0                                                                                                                                  En zie hoe `t  vuur van odrlogsmet
                 .                   .:.                                                                           . _ _...
      `-.. ._                        -~ y -We&Y `v'o;lk ~&j&&l  .:door -`t werefdoord. *                                                                       Hun steden der  beschaviqg   PI&t.
                      -  -  :.i- .  `. .  ,_...  _.  _:  `-  :
                                                                                                                    __  .-
                                                                                                              _~..             `
                                                                                                                               _
                               .~-~ .- - `Eh.F&xo ,{er- `k&in&&_o7_1 : -                                                                                      Bemerk de  j_etigd. De teed're jeugd,
            : L `-.  -`-
                                     :' -Van  .M&aim;   in  spot[&-  .ho&`                                                                                     De  vrueht  van  Vader-moed;erqreugd.
                                                                                                            ..-
                                             .Was~m-et -zijti-legeY;- ?n-h-et.-wee                                                         .'               .-He0  wreed mea hen  ter  s1achtin.g voert
                                              Verdronken  in d:e Roode Zee.                                                                                   .Do&  d'oorloghel  die `t al beroert.
      ._ __
                 .                         ..-  .~  ._  _  "_._ .  _.
            : .
     .-  :.7  ._ --, .  .._  ..,
                                     :Ei3.  X$a,cl's  &i$$&  ,iie$' in tal,                                                                                    -Ja, .Seify man ; Zwaar drukt de nacht>                  =
                                                                                                   _..~^
                                -.  .;&$X  `l$&$  ,~.a~ti.$.~ia:   1.Q.  g@l,                                                                                  Der wereld  in. haar wangedracht.
                 _:                           Wa$                    -cQibk                     .-A;,ssjiria"s-..~-eers~happij                                 Maar  .ach, hoe  doniker  men `t  ,otik ziet:
     ~.--T.  <z ---  G6dqeveli.  .in  ~~~~~.   sl.v.e4^nij.                                                                                                    cO,neindig Duister is `t verschiet.  ..
      ..-  _..._  _- -.-  -.r.  ._."  ._  _  _,  .~  -YT.
                                          __-;                 `_                         -.           ^
     .--                            I  -.-  -._  :  -.                                .._  _  _.__-.  ._.
      j  E,n Salem  .met  .haar  -Hlskia, .                                                                                                                    Striks *blaast-  Chicago met een knal
                                      -_ . ..`.~ ---. _
                                      Bespronk&  dog?  -AssyEiia,                                                                                           .. Voor  eeuwig weg uit het  heelal.
                                Z               a        g                        .God<~~~aak.,in.  %  .baage  ,uur,                                           En d' atomborn,  .Gods  vloek,  vervaarfd,                         r
      .-  _  ..L-..  _.
                                ~ ~I .: Met ?sI `;ij&id$ .dooden  bij haar muur.                                                                               Verscheurt   die  hemel en de aard.
                               _..  ,_.._  ;".  _..:  ,.__.  _  -
           mi:..:                                                                                _ . -..
                                    _  --_ __. ___                    .___-...  r.-: _.. .~                                                                 ---$a, Man  Van: Seir ;  uw  `err'ein
     I..  __.=   E
                                           -  n
                                              __..    Nin~x?.~~j.~;~
                                                       _-__                                       Ni.neye,                                                     Zal eeuiwig  ,donlker, duister- zijn,
     z..                            7~       Laq
                                            - --.   -,ook
                                                     a . --.  vergruizeld
                                                                     ._.. =-;. .._ _.~  -in haar wee ;
           ._
     __-_                           -..
                         _-.-.   ?t 
                                           __ ~Wel&
                                                  _              ,o+  aan  B,abel, in  `t  versohiet,                                                          Daar ,geen aurora, hemei-zoet,                 .
                                                                                   .--.-  :-  ..--
                                              Bedreigd  was met een eeuwig  n&t.                                                                               O&t p met eenen morgen groet..
                               .              _" .                   _.             - . .                                                                                                                                    -
                                     1  D.&&n~  c  `6  %achter  : trouw en  schoon;                                                                            -De  Morgen kwam,  z&i  I&e  Profeet  "
                               _ -. - 0 Wachter Gods : Wat van den troon,                                                                                      Tot Seir  yol  van  ,wereldleed.
                          .:I-  L  D&  $eri3ld  -in haar wereld  macht,                                                                                        Reeds :bij dat Eden rees het lieht,
                       _ .                    Q Wachter,  -&at van deze nacht?                                                                                 `t Gevallen  menschdom  in  `t  gezieht.
                       -.  ---:
                        _.  __-- Zoo re& uit ,Seir .eene stem,                                                                                                 De Vcrouzu, God's Kerk, ZOO rein en schoon,
                                           W e e r g a l m e n d ' t e   Jleruzalem;                                                                          Met  `sterren  voor  .haar  sehedel-kroon,
                                    -30 Wachter,  -W-achter;-hoor  mijn  klacht,                                                                             D.e  maan  aan hare  qoeten,   %atiht,.
                                              Wat-iwordt er van  r&e wereldnacht?                                                                             Is met de ZON BEL(LEED  im PRACHT.
                                                                       _---_  _  _  -  _                                                                                                                           ~ --
                                              -Jesaja  spqk. `Het Godlijk Woord  y                                                                          De KERK in `t  lreine  Zongewaad
      I                                       Wcrd  door ,& Seir Oman gehoord.                                                                                Zit in het LICHT  der  dageragds.
                                             .-De  -mp:geq   bTa&;  .eq  tech  de.nacht                                                                       En  `ninxner  scheyrt  de  doxikerheild:.
                                     '  He&%l$   onverbrokkn in haar  kraoht.
                                                                      _.                         ._                                                           Haar uit haar ,CH.RISTUS MAJESTEIT.
            .
                                             -En sedert dat de Seir-stem                                                                         .-           Zij wijkt van al  clat  ,donker-aardsch,
                         `.                   Weerklonk  in- "t oud Jerusalem,                                                                                Maar  ho,udt  haar  oogen   hemelwaarts',
                         --  `.%6Ydt"J;`t&eds  de zwarte donkerheid
     .., -- 1 . .  `~  _.-- . . .
     _  _. .  ._ .                                                                                                                                            van  waar zij in `bet wo~lkgebied
                                              Op -Te?ra--Fxma- uitgesp$ei,d.
-                                                                                                                                                             Eerlang.  haar, HEILAND weder , zi(et.
     :  .._`,
     :  .-.... -:L. ._. s&, ILB&jkl viei: i  `J-J~ Me& ~: pers;
     ;.. 1.:: L.. Bii-  Gi&kr&ani3 `zoo wijs als  versch,                                                                                                    ' Dan stelt Hij haar  gbij  ,`t  englen-koor;
                                              En R'ome, ij&&terk io kracht ;- -._                                                                             Als ZIJNEY BRUID ,den VADER voor.
                                                                                                                                                              En  eeu&g  jubelt zij  ZI,JN  loif
                 : I 2 i I i L .: ~e&v~~en. .i? $e donk're nacht.                                                                                .
                       ~_.-.                                                     _._`~                                                                        In `t Paradijs, het  Hemelhiof.
                                            i ET? ~~~-u+arend' speurend' blik                                                                                                                 J. H. Hoekstra,
                                    :, ,, $eq- bp,, c& yereld, in haar schrik ;                                                                                                       : South IHQl!&nd,  111,

                                                                                                                                                                    -


