 VOLUME XXI
  -                                                       APRIL 15, 1945                                                    NUMBER 14

                                                                              Applied to your worship, this signifies f.irst of ~~11,

          M.E'DITATION                                               that it iis better to hear than to bring the sacrifices of                  I
                                                                     fools.       Remember, when -you sacrifice, that y&r offer-'

                                                                     ing is presented to the living ,God.         You cannot pretend

                                                                     to do Him a favor.            You ld,are  not assume the attitude _

           Reverent SCSrcumspection                                  of the-donor.          Beware lest you feel that with your gift
                                                                     on the altar you can add to His riches, so that He  ,ought

                                                                     to be pleased with the outward ,offering.                   The earth is
                  (Prayer-Day Meditation)
                                                                     the Lord's and the fulneslsi  ther'eof.             All the gold .and
                   Be `not rash with thy mou.th,  and let not        silver in the #world,  and the cattle on Ia. thousand hills,
                 th4ne  heaFt  be ha&y  to utter amything  before    are His.        Let, therefore, your sacrifice only  .be a token
                 God: for God is' in heav(en,  ami thou. upon        of humility and. deep contrition .on your part, an ex-
                 ~eadh.:  tkrefove Jet .-thy  words be few.          pression that it is your delight to hear His Word and  to-
                                                  Eccl.  5 :a.       keep His commandments, if He will but give,you grace.
                                                                     For "it is better to hear, than to give the sacrifice of
       When thou enterest the house of God!  . . . .                 fools."        TQ hear and obey the Word of God is better
       For t&t occassion,  the Wond of ,God  in this connec-
                                                                     than.sacrifice.  . i .
_ ti.on sounds a' threefold warning.                                          Secondly, this same principle, that you should  keep
       The house of God, to which the text refers, `was,
                                                                     your feet, an,d not madly rush into the preseince  of God,
 of course, in the first place, the old dispensational
                                                                     implies, too, that you should pay your vows!
 temple, the sanctuary of Israel, where the people, of
                                                                              Vow, and pay 
 God were wont to worship, to  ,offer  their prayers, to                                       ; and ,defer not to pay; or vow not at
                                                                     all !
`bring  their sacrifices, to pledge and to pay their                          For you are-making your vow to the living God:
 VO'WS.   - -
                                                                     and He has no pleasure in fools\!
       111 the new disp;ensa.ti,on,  this sanctuary is no longer
                                                                              And lastly, when you pray, be not rash with your
 on earth, it is in heaven.  `For the blood of Christ has            mouth, so that you speaB thoughtlessly, oblivious of the
 sprinkled the way that leads into the inner sanctuary
                                                                     `One you are addressing 
 of ,God,  th'e veil, that is-His  flesh, was rent, and the                                          ; nor let even your own heart be
                                                                     the  criterion of.your prayer,`and  madly make you utter
 way into the presence of God is made qnifest.             There,
                                                                     many words.
 in the sanctuary, our eternal and only High Priest
                                                                              R.&her,.  when you utter your prayers before the
,appears before ,God  in our behalf, and with our eye
                                                                     Most High, let the knowledge of  Him:>and  the conscious-
,of faith fixed on Him, w,e  may ,walk  the blood-sprinkled
                                                                     ness of ,being in His presence, control .and  determine,
wa.y,  and through the veil boldly enter into the presence
                                                                     both your Iattitude, and every word you speak.
 of the Most High, confident that we will ,be.received..
                                                                              You are speaking to ,God!
       Yet, the threefold exhortation'offered in this part                                                                  -
                                                                              And <God is in heaven, you are on the earth. 
 of the Word of God is still important and to the                                                                                    !
                                      ._                                      Therefore, let your `words be few 
point. :                                                                                                            !
                                                                              Let the fear ,of the Most High motivate your heart
       All three warnings are comprehended in the -one:
                                                                     and mind 
"keep thy foot".         Do not blindly rush into God's sanc-                          !
                                                                              H o l y .  circumspections!
tuary, as if you were entering your neighbor's house,

but rather be circumspect, and  prepare yourselves pro-
perly to meet your God,                                                       #God is the Lord!


                                    . -
   310                                 THE STANDARIH~'E.ARE~



          That, no doubt, is the emphatic and  primary.signif%                 In the heavens irs He, while you are on the earth !
   cance  of the reminder that-H:&  iis in heaven, and that                    Therefore, let your words be few!
- we are on the earth.                                          _-             He is the Lord!     _
          To be sure, l3e is not con%ned  to heaven, Omni-

 . preselit  is He.    On the earth as well as in heaven. His
   presence f,ills all things. N,othing  excludes Him. More-                   The sole Governor is He!

   over, He is the iasfinite One, Who transcends all that ia                   Alone He is enthroned in the heavens  !
   called creature, Who oannot  be measured Iby space ; the                    All;thae  reins of the goyernment  of the entire`mli-
   eternal God, Whosg  beginning -or etido  cannot be ,dis-            v&se  Iare  in His Bands.        There is no one with Him, no

   covered, Who transcends all time.       The heaven, yea, the        one that gives Him  counsel, no one that shares the
   heaven bf heavens. ca!Tnot contain Him.                             `governiment  with Him, that has the prerogative, the

      But when the Word of God makes  the ,distinction  of             authority, the wisdo,m, or the powler even to be His
   His being in hea.ven,  while w,e are ori the earth, it              advisor.
   would have us remember that He iu the.Lond,,  the abso-                     God is in heaven,' we are on the  aearth: He is the
   lute Lord, the sole Ruler and Proprietor of all the uni-            Governor, we and al!. things are the ruled.

verse, while  we are living on His .footstool.                                 And this implies that He moves as by His hand
      Heaven is His thrcme!                                            ever'y creature in all the living univeme,  and <directs  it
      And when you prepare Do enter into His sanctuary,                accijrding  to His will!
  and to appear in the presence of  ;God  ; .when  you Iare                    W.hether  you see the sun rise every morning exactly
   about to open your mouth in prayer and to utter your                at its tippointed  tinie, or whether you watch la lonely
   petitions before Hsis face, you must do so in the clear             .white  cloud drift, appajrently  quite arbitrarily, across

   and profound consciousness  that you stand face io .faco            the blue firmament; whether you marvel at the beauty

   with the P&&ate of Ipotentates,  the only Sovereign                 and exla.ct  position of each sparkling and' twinkling

   bf the whole universk, t.he heavenly Majesty.          He is the    star in the dark heavens, ,or whether you see the swift

   Cr$.tor  of the heavens anld of the `earth.            They owe     meteo:  fiash across a section of the sky; whether you
  their existence solely to the  marvel of His power.        They      consid'er  the spring rain or the summer drought, the

   came into being.when  He called the things that are not             spr'outing  grass and herb or -the golden grain ready

  as. if they were.    There was no one with Him,         He is the    to ,be harvested; whether you listen to the soft mur-

  sole Proprietbr.  The`eatih is the Lord's an,d the ful-              mur of the brook or to the roar of the  mighty

  ness thereof, and He ,does  with all things ,according  to           ,ocean  in the storm; whether you heair Eie cry of

 : His good ~pleasure!  The heavens and the earth, the                 the raven qr the song of the meadow lark,-all  yo:.a
  clouds and the rain and the sunshine, the rivers and the             perceive is moved and ,directed  as it were by His

  valleys, the m80uhtains laad.$he  hills, the cattle and the          hand. Yea, the bullet that seeks its target, the

 beasts of the forest,`the  soil you plow, and the seed you            tshell that bursts to spread  death and Idestruction,  the

   sow, and the power you *employ  to do it, the air you               bomb that is dropped from the plane, the  torped,o  that

  breathe,  afid tlie  water you drink, anld the bread you             makes its treacherous course through the ,dark  waters,

  eat, the `clothes that cover your nakedness, and the fire            ai well as the thoughts atid  plans of mighty man that

  that makes you'comfortable in the  col'd  of winter, your            invents and prepares them-for  their destructive worlf,

  silver and your gold, and all the means wherewith you                -all ra.re directed as it were by Hiss hand.

  toil and labor, yea, you yourselva with body and                         When you are healthy and well, it is His hand that
                                                             soul,
  With  mitild land will and,heart,  and with all your power           makes you so ; when sickness enters your home, it is
  and ingenuity,-all are His!                                          ,by His hand that it is sent; when you may harvest an

      He is in heaven,  you are  on the eatih !      '                 abundant `crop, it wm His gift to you, and  whed  the
      B,eware, wh.en  you present. your petitibns to Him,              almost ready harvest is destroyed $y hail, His hand

  lest you should speak with the pretention  ,of,having  any           alone direct&d  the path of the hail; when there is  als

  right or claim to &en  th!e smallest speck of dust.                  abundance~of  supplies in `your cellars, it ~EI.S  He that

      Rather remember that  you have sinned against -His,:             filled them, but when the bread basket is empty, it was

  majesty, and that, if ,He  should mark your transgres-               also Hi* han'd that emptied it.       And when your son gets

  aions, you woul'd  be cast into everlasting ,desolation!             through this dreadful war without a scratch, but  la.lso

      Be not rash with your mouth, and speak  not as if                ,yhen,  he is wounded or killed on the  ,battlefield,  it'is

  He were the claretaker  of your property!                            He that directs it all. The message that is delivered

      Let not your heart Ibe ha&y to bring <before Him                 at your door: "we regret to inform you that your son

  your carnal requests, as if He existed to prosper z~ou,r             w&s killed in action," is rbrodght  to you 1a.s it were by
  cause, a "Kind Providen8ce"  Whose sole purpose it must              His han$d.                                    .
                                                                                      . . .
 b;.e to fill you ,with  prosperity and -plenty.  . `. .                  Prosperity and adversity, sickness and health, fruit-
      Be is-the Prop,rietor,  you are His property!                    ful 
                                                                         . atid barren years, lifi,and c&g&b,  peace land war,-


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                                                  TH-E STANDARb i3tiARtiti                                                                                       311


 they are all His. He det,ern$nes  when' and what will                       Yes;also  this is implied in the reminder that  He is

 ,be the outcome- of this war.               .                           `in the heavens, ani that we are on the earth.
     God is -in `heaven, He alone does, Iand He alone is-                   He knows,. l%e knows all.                              We ,do. not understand

 able to rule.                                                           His way or work, exce!pt  in as far &s.it  pleases Him to
     He is the Lord!                                                    p&e them kno,wn  unto us                                             e
                                                                                                                    !
   . Be not rash with your tongue when you pray, and                              "Jehovah from His,  i&one on high
 be not ha&y  to utter a thousand requests that, may                              Looks dowu  with dear and searching eye
 arise from your heart !                                                      On all. that dw.ell  $elo'w ;
    When He sends hea,vy  rains at the time of harvest,                           Anld He that fashioned heart, and mind
 or :d;ought  in the springtime, do n&t instruct Him to                           Looks ever down on all mankind,
 change  His government                                                                                                                               ~
                                ; when  sickness enters ydur.                     The.woPks  of men to. know."
 family, Ido not request that He remove it; when  `war

 ravages the whole world, and Hir3 judgments are in the                      Y,es, and He looks down, not oniy on the works of

  ea*rth,  neither clamor  for peace because you do not like             men, but' on, la11 things, to .&now them.                        And, mark you

 it, nor instruct Him as to whose  oa8use is righteous and               well, He looks f?:om  His throne on high, and He looks

 must have the victory ; when hundreds and thousands ~dowlz: God is in heaven! His viewpoint is heayenly,
  of young men are killed in battle, do not insist that that  .of  the Lord  ,of heaven and earth,` Who created all

 your SOD  or husband must be kept unharmed. . . .                       things, W*ho  possesses all things, Who {does with all
     R&her  say : 0 God, thy will be done !                  Give us     things accor*ding  to His good pleasure, Who dire&s
  grace to will that will!                                               them la.ccording  to His sovereign counsel. He knolys

     He is the Lord !                                                    them, not by studying them and watching their course,
     Bmesides,  that,  He alone ~governs  all things, -implies,          but from His owri eternal good pleasure and wise de-
 too, that He directs all .the history and movement of all               cree.    He knows them in their relation to one'another,'
 ,the  universe to fiis own end                                          and in relatioll  to the final and all-compr8ehensive  pur-
                                     ! .-              '
     Things do not move at random                                        pose they must serve aritd  ,raa:ch;  -ne knows them all,
                                                  !                      and He knows them in their.  mi5nutest detz$l.                           He knows
     They are all directed according to an eternal pur-                                                     . .
                                                                          exactly w4at  must happen in the affairs of the world,
  p o s e .                                                 .'            and in your and my~individual  experience.. 
     The plan of all things -is_ in heraven,  in the divipe                                                                                       . . .
                                                                             F a t h e r  knoys!
 *min&d,  `in eternity, in the immutable decree of the Lord                                              . . . .
  of heaven and earth.                                                       W      e    d    o    n        o            t          !
     And you know, for in His g&e  He assured you of                         We often look at things from the infinitesimally
  it, that, as far as  thosei`that  love Him Ia& concerned,               smB1 and narrow v.iewpo@t  of our ,own  earthly and
  that purpose ii3 everlasting gl,ory  and salvation.                     carnal wants and tdesires, in order then- to de'cermifie,
                                                                        and tell the Lord in heaven what should be done!
     Is not that sufficient? 1                                               For we are cr&tures~  of the dust.                            We are ,on the
     All things work together,for  good to them that love
                                                                          earth, we are of time, of yesterday.                           We are of space:
Him; that la,re the called  a&oFding  to Bis purpose.
                                                                          hemmed in on every side. We see but little,  &Cost
     Would you insist `that .He change that purpose, -he-
                                                                          nothing, except that which it pleased the Lord to  ,revea!
 cause of some individual experience that is not to your
                                                                          to us of His counsel: His general purpose of  salvg-
  liking, som'e  suffering `or Is'orrow  that He sen#ds you
                                                                         tion. .
' here on the earth?
     Wotild  you not rather  commit it all to Him?                           Shall we, then, give Him counsel?
     God is inlheaven,  and you !are on the earth: there,                  We need give Him no inf.orm,ation  in ,our prayers:
  fore let your `words be few!                                            H e   k n o w s !
     0, let them be 1a.s many as you please, pour out your                   Be not rash with your mouth!,
  hearts in an abundance of wonds, if you mean to praise                     God is in heaven!

  a.nd adore la.nd gl,orify  Him, and acktiowledge  that He is

  the Lord! For of His wondrous works there is no
  end                                                                        Soli I&o  ,Gloria!
      !But as. far as the dIetails of your life and way are                  That is the end ! For God is in heaven !
  concerned, leave them to Him!                                              He alone is the phrpose of all things.. All, things are
     Be not rash with your mouth!                                        and must be' of Bim,  aed  through Him, zi,n#d  to Him !
     `God `is the Lord                                                    Have your delight in that purpose, and  approach Him
                           !
                   1                                                    with fear !
                                                                             With revere@  circumspection !
                                                                                                                              .


 312                                                                                                                T               H                E                 8TAND.AR.D                                   B    E    A    R    E    R



                          TheStydurd~r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 EDITOI$IALS
         Semi-Monthly, except  Momtbly  in July  and August

                                                          Publiihed by

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                                    946 Sigsbee Street,  S. E.                                                                                                                                                The Text of a Complaint
                              E D I T O R  -
                                                                      Rev. II. Hoeksema


  Contribulting  editors-Revs. J. Hankespoo+,  A. Cammenga,                                                                                                                                             What shall we way about the second part of .the
  P. De Boer, J. D. de Jong, H. De. Wolf,_ L. Doezqa,                                                                                                                                              "Complaint," that which is concerned with the faculties
  M. Gritbers,  C. Hanko, B. Kok, G. Lubbers, G. M. Ophoff,
  A. Petter, M. Schipper, J. Vanden  Breggen, H. Veldma&                                                                                                                                            of the soul?

  R. Veldman, L. Vermeer,  IP.  Vis, G. Vos, W. Hofman,                                                                                                                                                Fir& of all, I wish to repeat that also this question
  J. Heys, Mr. S. De Vries.                                                                                                                                                                         might be a nice subj,ect  for discussion ,by some philo-
  Communications relative to contents should be addressed                                                                                                                                          sfophical  or theolqgical  club. How the  presbytery of
  to REV. H. HOEKSEMA,  1139 Franklin St., S. E.,  tid                                                                                                                                              Philadelphia could subject a theological candidate to
  Rapids, Michigan. .                                                      `.                                                                                                                       skveral  hours of grilling on this point is, I confess,
  ,Communications  relative to subscription should be ad-c'                                                                                                                                         beyond my 3coinprehension.  And still more difficult it
  dressed to MR. GERZIT  PIPE, 946 Sigsbee Street.. S. E.,                                                                                                                                          is for me to understand how the  comphinants  co%ld
  Grand Rapids, Mic.$.  All Announcements and Obituaries
  must be sent to the above address and will not be placed                                                                                                                                         discover-in Dr. Clark's views in this respect sufficie:lt
  unless the regular fee of $1.00 accompanies the notice.                                                                                                                                          ground ,for a protest. against his  licelisure and ordina-

                                    Subscription $2.60 per year                                                                                                                                    tlon.    The qtiestion involved is, to say the least, debat-
  Entered as second class mail. at Grand Rapids, Michigan                                                                                                                                          able.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       Btit &ore  -must.  be said.

                                         -.                                                                                                                                                            For one can .only  be amazed  at the claim made

                                                                                                                                                                                                   By the complainants that their view on this que$ion,
                                                        coIvI?EIws                                                                                                                                 th:e  view, namely, that holds the trichot,omous  distinc-

MEDIFATION  -                                                                                                                                                                                      tion between the powers ,of the soul, and that assigns
                                                                                                                                                                                                   to the emotions a leading place among the faculties of
  R                          cIRcuMsPEcTIoN                                                              ..*....................:
        E V E R E N T                                                                                                                          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309                 the soul rather than to the intellect, is  hi~storically  arid
          Reir.  H. Hoeksema
                               .                                                                                                                                                                   currently Reformed or Calvinist&z.
EDITORIALS -                                                                                                                                                                                           I claim that the very opposite is true.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       The quotations the-complaina~nts  offer in their pro-
  THE TEXT O F A COMPL&T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.                                                                                test to prove their contention are very uilconvincing.
  NAAR `T KERKELIJK, NIET NAAR `T\ ,COtiFEBSIO-
                                                                                                                                                                                                   In fact, they. frankly admit that "From the viewpoint
  NEEL GEWETEN                                  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.314            of abstra,ct  psychology, it is perfectly true that Re-
  EXPOSI~~ION  OF THE HEI.DELBERG  CATECHI.SM  . ...31.5
                                                                                                                                                                                                   formed theologians have not been in complete agree-
   R e v . ,   H .  Hoe&ma
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ment !a,s tti t,he number and names of the faculties1  of
  DO THE REPROBATED SIN IN HELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313                                                                                                        the human soul. In speaking speci,fizally  of the facul-
          Rev. G. M. Ophoff                                                                                                                                                                        ties of-the  human soul Calvin mentions by name only
  E E N  GEBEjb  IN OOELOG                                                       =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,322         the intellect and will (Instit&es,  Bk. I, Chap. XV,
          Rev. G. Vos                                                                                                                                                                              Sect. 6). Augustine arefers  to `the perception, under-
  THE RADIO AND THE GHF+ISTIAN                                                                                         HOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32i                               standing and will." (The Text Of k Complaint, p. 8).

          Rev. S. IT,  Cammenga                                                                                                                                                                    And &gain, they admit,:  "Calvin, who so clearly give.s

  DEB'ATE            `(Affirmative Rebuttal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326                                                               intellect a control over will, though not by virtue of
          Rev. C. Hanko                                                                                                                                                                            that a primacy over will," etc. (idem,  p. 9). But they

  THE UNiCONSCIOUS                                       IN THE ORDO                                                    SALUTIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 325                                        insist that ,"the more recent $heologians,  .however,  seem
          Rev. A. Petter                                                                                                                                                                           to .agree  in large measure .on the threefold ,distinction
                                                                                                                                                                                                   of intellect, emotion, and will." (id&z,  p. 8).
  @ON'I\RIIBUT!IQN                      . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I . . . . . . . . . . . 329                  We may note here that the comphainants  express
          Mr. H. A. Van  Putten
                                                                                                                                                                                                   themselves very carefully 
  NEWS FROM OAK LAWN I......:                                                                                                                                                                                                       : "the more recent theologians
                                                                                           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.:..i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341                  seem  to agree in large mensure".              But even so the coni-
          Mr. J. Buiier  _                                                                                                                                                                         plainants are in error.         It -is far nearer  to the truth to
  CONTRIEUTION                         . . . . . . . . . . ..I..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .              3~42    state tha.t Rleformed  theologians have, generally speak-
          Mr. J. `Gritter,  Sec'y C.L.A. .                                                                                                                                  -                      ing, ,been  strongly opposed to-the threefold distinction

                                                                                                                                                                                                   0f intellect, will, aad g-g@tiry-q  and have often expressec!


                                          T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                      313


 .their fear of the danger ,of this ,distinction.      The dan-       Spirit also frpm  the Son, H.H.), and accordingly, with
  ger of this fdilsstinction,  to which they usually pointed, is      respect to psychology it taught that the deep and hid-
  that the emotions in that case gradually  la.ssume  a               `den life #of the soul becomes manifest oilly  through the.
  dominating and contro!ling  position in the soul of man.;           intellectaar  and volitional f acuity,  ,aknd  .+&at, as `to these
  and that, according to this trichotomous ,psychology,               two, the latier is led alild governed by *he f,ormer."
  such experiences as love% and ha.tred,  sorrow and joy,                     This is clear language.      153 meaning is not at all
  r:epentanoe  and remorse, in fact, all religion and mor-            ambigutius.  Bavinck teaches that there hare only two
  tality ape'  relegated to the emotions .or feeling. ;And            facult?es  of the soul, intellect and will ; and he main-             (
  that would exactly be the deathblow to all true religion.           tains the primacy of the intellect. What is more, he
  Reforme!d  theologians w&e,  therefdfe,  usually in'favor           here states that Wester,n  theology, sii:lce  the days of

  of the Idichotomous  distinction of intellect and will, and         Augustine, held the same  views.

  `ascribed the emotions partly to the intellect,, and partly                , I h,a,ve no time to look up the exact pages  in`thc
  to the will.    `And again, it may be.stated  without fea?          Psycholoyische  B'eginselen  by the same author, but if

  `of possible contradiction thait  Reformed theolo,gy  usual-        the complainants ,will take the trouble, they will find

  ly favored the "primacy of the intellect."                          a rather interesting, discussion of this subject in that

      I thought, ,a;nld;  still think, that this was  ~0' ,well       work, and a strdng condemnation of  .the trichotomou$

  known, that I could only be amazed when  1 discovered               distinction. Ylears  ago, I .,delivered  !a. paper on this

  that some theologians of Philadelphia took the opposite             same subject before a ministers' conference, and I

  stand.                                                              recollect Bavinck's d&cussion-  just now referred to
    _ Let me offer a quotation or two.                                distin'ctly.             -
      The first is from Bavinck,  GerefoTmeer;de  Dogma-                      The complainants r.efer, in proof of their conten-

  tick,  II, p. 596-97:                                               t.ion, to. Dr. Kuyper's-  Dictaten  Dogmatiek,  Vol.   I I ,

      `Secondly, to .this image of God belong the_ powers             Louus de Born&e, pp. 68-88. `But they are mistaken.
 7 `( verniogens) of man. While the spirit iti thle principle         Dr. Kuyper .would  be the last one to iassign  to the

  and the soul the subject of life in man, the heart                  emotions the  position of a separate faculty. It is

  is, according to Scripture, the organ for his life.       It is,    true that he speaks of three faculties, lbut they are

  first,' center  of his physicd life, but next also, meta-           the berceptive,  t.he  intellectual, and the volitional facul-

  phorically, the ground and source of all psychical life,            ty.      Virtually,  this means the same as the dichotomous

  of (emotions la.nd  pqs:sions,  of desire and will, even of         ,distinct,ion  betw.een  intellect and will, fo? the percep-

  thinking and knowing.         Out. of the heart are all the         tive faculty belongs to the intellect in the broader sense.
  THOTSEOTH CH:AJIM,  issues qf 1if;e.  Prov. 4 :23. This                     And that Kuyper was strongly in favor of the                       u
  life; tliat has, its source in the heart, divides  .itself  into    "primacy of the intellect" is well known.           Even in the
  two currents.  (I underscore, H.H.).        On the one hand,        very passage $0 which the compltiinants  refer, he
  one may distinguish t,hat  life which comprises all im-             writes :
  pressions, notions, sensations, perceptions, considera-              -. "Does the will stand under the command of the
  tions, thoughts, knowledge, wistdom,  that finds, especial-         intellect, or does it' openate  out ,of itself?
  ly in. its highe`r  form, its organ in the nouS  (miedj,                    "There has been a controversy about this problem
  and embodies itself in the word, in speech.        And on the       as long as tien  thought about.the  Tesponsibility  `of man.
  other hand, in the heart have their origin ;the  affec-             The Mystics say: the will operates out  df itself. Th.c

  tions, Iemotions,  passions, inclinations, impulaes, desires        pure theolqgians (xuivere  theo,logen)  teach: the ,will
  and determinations of the will, which must be  guide.d              stands  under the ,command ,of  the intellect."
  by the %zoz& (kind) and express themselves in the                          `On this point of the "Complaint" I must, therefore,-
  act . . . . Augustine :even  recognized in the ,heart,  in- maintain: 1. Thcat the complainants have no cause for
  tellect land will (memoria, intellectus:,  yoluntas) an             protest againts the lie&sure  of Dr. Clark  ; and, 2. That
  analogy of the trinitarian  life ,of God. Even  as the              their own position is in conflict with the general stand
  Father gives life to the Son and to the  Spirik, ah< tke            of Reformeld  theologians.
  Spirit jproceeds  from the F&her through the Son, thus                      Personally, I believe that there is room for',debate,
  also with man it is the heart, the Ideep,  mysterious life          :and for further `development of the  solution  of this
  of the soul, .-that  gives existence to intellect ,and will,        p r o b l e m .                                      H. H.
  and th%t,  mdre specifically causes the will to follow
                                                                                                     I_
J the intelle'ct 1 . . . but the theology of the We& avoided
  all these errors (of Rationalism,  `Pelagianism,  Mystic-                  The trouble with modern Calvin&m  in our land is
  ism, H.B.)  ; it understood that the doctrine of God'and            that, while it claism  to be a world-view, it has no pro-
  of ma,n  are closely related; in the trinity it, therefore,         grati of its own.       Qence,  it supports almost any pro-
  maintained the `oneness in being, the`rdistinction of the           gram the world offera  as a_ cure for its ills;

  three persons, and the fiZioque,.  .(the  procession oi the                                                               H. H.
                                                                      m.., . ..>--  I     _`, .,._ _.


                                                                        i&, kati laten teekenn of kan nomineeren.       Het spreekt
                        Naar           Kerkelijk,
                                  i                                     _ook vanzelf ,dat ieder -lid  eener'  gemeente, waar zulke
        Niet Naar `t Confessioneel Geweten mannen  genomineerd worden, van welke hij weet, dat
                                                                        ie niet met de drie punten instemmen, geroepen is,

                                                                        den kerkerauad.  daarop opmerkzaam te maken, ingeval
           _ Door het kerkelijk geweten, lezer, bedoel  ik in dit       die het niet Mocht weten of er niei rree rekenen."
        verband aan te duiden een geweten; dat oordeelt naar               ,Ik ben het natuurlijk tiolkomen  met Prof.. Krom-
        Ide officieele  uitspralak lder  Kerk, waartoe  iemand `be-     minga eens. Alleen maar-had hij in antwoord op de
        hort; `door  <een confessioneel geweten  versta ik een ge-     gestelde vraag nog een stap verder  moet& gaan, en
         weten, ,dat  oordeelt naar de belijdenis dier Kerk.            zeggen, dat zulke raombtsdragers,  waar ze werkelijk een
            Jk dacht aan dit onderscheid, toen ik een  antwoord         plaats hebben in eenen  Chr. ,Geref. kerkermd,  mo&@n
       las' van (de hand van .Prof.  D. H. Kromminga., in ge            worden afgezet. Dan behoefde `de  zaak  immers ook.
       Wachter van 27 Maart, l.l.,  op de vraag: "Kan iemand            niet te wachten tot 1945, en werd ze ook niet -"Ver-
        ambtsdrager zijn in eente Chr. Geref. Kerk, indien hij          geten,"    zooals nu waarschijnlijk wel het geval zal
        met het standpunt,.ingenomen  sd,oor de Synode van 1924         worden.
         inzake de Gemeene -Gratie,  verschilt of zelfs daartegen           Overigens  heeft ,hetgeen  Prof. Krommir,ga  s&rijft
        ageert ?"                                                       alleen `b,etrekking  ,op het kerlceiijk'  geweten.    Ik kan
            `t Is leen van die vragen, waarop de vrager een ont-        heel goed verstaan, hoe iem&d met een goed confes-
        kennend la'ntwoord  verwacl$,  en, zooals te verwachten         %oneei geweten tegen de "Drie Punten" kan  ageeren,
        `was, ook ,ontving.  Maar ,de vrager wi& van__bepaalde          en toch het Ofiderteekfiingsformulier  kan onderteeke-
        gevallen, waarin "op de nominatielij-st namen voor-             nen. .
        komen van personen, die met het  sta,ndpunt  van de                 De. moeite ontstalat  natuurlijk daardoor, dat,  de
         Synode van 1924 inzake de Algcmeene  Genade ver-               Kerk wel heeft uitgesproken, dat tde "Drie Punten" in
        schillen .of soms zelfs het standpunt der afgeuette  predi-     Ide belijdenisschrif;ten  zijn vervat,, maar dat de meeste
        kanten Danhof  .en Hoeksema  vcorstaan."  -En hij vindt :       zqlfdenkende  Gereformeerden wel vers-an, dat dit
         "zulke mannen behooren  tiiet  in, een kerkerala,d."    Des    toch niet het geval is.  Zoo  komt er conflict tusschen
        vragers doel was dus! eenvoucdig,  ,om  door middel van de      de kerkelijke en <de  ,cpnfessioneele  consclentie,  en dat
 --     publieke Vrugcmbus  zulke praktijken even te laten ver-         `wel  door de schuld.~der  Kerk, Want zij aanvaardde de
        oordeelen.                                                      "Drie Punten.`"
            Blijkbaar was de vraag reeds  .b,edoeld  om vrucht  $f          Ik ben vast overtuigd, dat Prof. Kromminga ook
        te werpen voor.de  verkiezingen van verleden jaar, maar         wel weet, ,dat  `de "Drie Punten" niet in de aConfes3ic
        Prof. Kromming3 kon haar niet aanstonds beantwoor-              der Geref,ormeerde  Kerken staan, of zijn vervat.
        .den.  Dat vind hij wel jammer, maar  ,hij hoopt "dat               Hij -weet ,evengoed  als ik, Idat de ,belijdenisschriften
        tegen & verkiezingen vn 1945 de zaak niet weer  ver-~          nergens spreken van "gemeene genade," behalve op de
        geten  is."    Hij beantwoordt verder de vraa,g  als volgt:     bekende plaats, waar onze vaderen `den Remonstranten
            "De ouderli.ngen,  die in onz'e kerkeraden Idiefien,        dien term in den mond leggen. Hij weet evengoed

        moeten het Ondex$eekeningsformulier  &derschrijven              als ik, dat be Confessie nergens gewag maakt v!an eene

        len'.daarmede  hunne' instemming niet onze Belijdenis-          andere dan zaligmakende genade, van een genade over
schriften .betuigei  en beloven, die te handhaven en                    alle schepselen, over de verworlpenen,  of `van een `van

        daarvan sliet  af te wijken. Nu maakt  .d$ formulier            Go&wege  welgemeend aanbod van .genaide  aan alle

        wel geen meiding  bij name van d,e drie punten, Idool-          menschen.     Hij weet evengoed als ik, ,dat  noch Art. 13;

        de Synode van 1924 inzake de Geme.ene  Gratie  vast-            noch Art. 36 der Nederlandsche Gel,oofsbelijdenis  1
        gesteld, maar het mag niet voorbijgezien worden, dat            sp'reekti  van eene werking des Heiligen Geestes  of van

        volgens ,die $ynod&  ldie drie punten geene  toevoeging         eene genaidewerkin,g  Gods, waardoor de zonde gestuit

        zijn aan onze Gereformeerde leer, maar van oudsher              wor,dt, n wardoor  de natuurlijke niensch, buiten

        al`in de Belijdenis begrtepen  geweest zijn. Bovendien          de. wedergeboorte om in staat gesteld  wordt  burger-

        heeft `de volgende-Synode  duldelijk  te kennen gegeven,        lijk goed te doen. En hij kan ook, evengoed "als ik,

        ,dat  agitatie tegen de drie punten niet toelaatbalas  is.      zien, Idat _de  Dordtsche Leerregels, 111, IV, 4 pr;ecies

        Ze (deed  dat in hare goed.keuring  .van  de afzetting der      het tegenovergestelde leeren.

        beide predikanien  ,om  reden van zulke agi%%tie.  Hoe              Ik spreek dit ,oo vrijmoediglijk uit, omdat ,ik weet,

        in het licht van deze feiten  wfe tegen die drie punten is,     dat Prof. Kroqnninga een normaal .vers$and  heeft, ,en

        en vooral,  wie daartegen .ageert,  met ,een goed geweten       amdat  deze dingen zoo  duidelijk. ,zijn.,  .-dat  een kind ze

        ,ons Onderteekeningsformulier met zijri naamteekening           wel kan. verstaan.

        versieren kan, gaat boven mijn begrip. En even zeer                Welnu, daardoor komt het, dat, ofschoon  ,de  in de

         gaat  het mijn begrip te boyen,  hoe een kerkeraad een         vra;a.g bedoelde mannen zeker niet in eene Chr. Geref.
        (broeder, van wien hij weiet,  dat hij tegen `de drie punten    Kerk het Onderteekeningsformulier kunnen ond,ertee-

                                                                                                                                    .


        ii                                                    T H E   - S T A N D A R D  BEA,RER. a --,                                               3       1    5


       kenen  naar hunne kerke&j:ijke  conscientie, ze hit naa:                          note the following:' 1. The ori,ginal  of "propitiatory

       hunne confessioneele conscientie we1 kunnen doen;                           En    sacrifice" can be more correctly rendered by "atoning
       waar eene kerkelijke conscientie gewoonlijk lang `niet                            `sacrifice,". ,or "sacrifice of reconciliat.ion."      The Ger-

     _ zoo sterk spreekt abij zelfdenkende personen,  als de                             man text has Siihnopfer.  2. "Mankind" can be more
       conf.essioneele  ,conscientie,  onderteekenen ze dan. .                           fully translated shy "the whole human race." The
                   Maar ze moesten ide kerk verlaten,  en zich bij ons                   original bhas  : ganzen menschlichen Geschlechts. 3. The
       iaansluiten.                                                                      original translated ,by "favor"' is : Gnade,  and there is

                   En doen  ze dat niet, dan moest een kerkeraad  ze                     no reason why this should not be rendered by "grace.`,

       onder behandeling .nemen.                              -                          fall these remarks concern the ti,nswer  to the thirty-
                   Het is immers niet alleen  ,de vraag, of ze we1  in ,den              seventh question.     The text of the, other questions and

       kerkeraad kunnen dienen: ook als leden  zijn ze voor                              answers is quite correct;
       de "Drie Punten"  verantw,oordelijk.  Ala ze geen ,ouder-                             Modernism, emphasizing the goodness of the Man.
       ling kunnen zijn, kunnen ze ook geen lid zijn.                                    of Galilee, and glorying in Jesus a3 an example for us
                   Ook dit is naar de uitspra$ak  der Kerk in 1926.                      to follow, cannot but be.  disappointed and very much

                   Prof. Kromminga geeft we1  le!en juist antwoord,                      dissatisfied with the account of Jesus' life and ministry

.      maar thij zegt lang niet genoeg.                                                  as presented by the Apostolic Confession:  born;suf-
              Om het eenigszins paradoxaal  te zeggen : ik ben het                       ferecl,  crucified, dead, and :buried  ! From the viewpoi%
       veel deter met hem, eens, dan hij het met zichzelf eens                           an attempt to write' a biography oft Jesus, or even to
       is.                                                           H. H.               furnish the necessary material for a description  _of

                                   '                                                     Jesus' character, the Apostolicurh,  it mu&  be admitted,
                                                                                         made a ratsher  poor'selection of facts.     Or what human

                                                                                         being ever lived of whom this same review might not
                   The Triple Knowledge                                                  be written: born, suffered, <died,  buried? There would
                                                                                         seem to be .nothing  special or distinctive in all this.

                                                        -_                                   And yet, it .is exactly in these words that one must
                                                                                         find the revelation of Jesus Christ as far as His earthly
        An Ekpwjtion  Of Y&e  Heidelbrg                                                  life and ministry are concerned. It is true, many

                                        Ca~chism                                         ot,her  `works may be attributed to Him, and cou18d be
                                                               .                         mentioned here, so many, in .fact,  that if all were writ-

                                        ._ Part Two.                                     ten the whole world could not contain the  ,books.           He
                                                                                         taught and revealed the Father; He performed many
                                 O f   M a n ' s   R e d e m p t i o n
                                                                                         wonderful works ; and He stands out in the midst of
                                        Lord's Day XV                                    all` men -as the One Whom no one could ever'convict of

                           - Q. 37. What dost thou understand by the words,              sin. But all this would have no s,ignificance  for 
              -                                                                                                                                       his,
                          "He suffered?"                                                 if He had not suffered and idied.      And if the revelation
                            A. That he, all the time that he lived on earth,             of Jesus Christ is to be expressed in a brief confession,
                        but especially at the end. of his life, sustained in             the ,words of the Apostolicum  must surely have the
                          body and, soul, the wrath of God against the` sins             preference to any i`Leben Je~u,)' or character descrip-
                         sof all mankind: that so by his, passion, as the only           .tioh  of the Man- of aGalilee.                              D

                        propitiatory sacrifice, he might redeem' our body                   , Of course, these words of the-Confession dare not
                          and soul from everlasting damnation, and obtain for            be divorced from the preceding Ideclarations  concerning

                         us the favor of God, righteousness and eternal life.            Jesus Christ,, nor from what is stated subsequently,

                            Q. 38. Why did he suffer under Pontius Pilate,               for it is only in their connection that their special  signi-

                          as judge ?                                                     ficence_  is discerned. Taken by themselves, they de-

                            A. That he, being innocent, and yet condemned                scribe only what is common to all men.               All men are

                         by a temporal judge, might thereby free us  f,rom,the           born, suffer, and die. And although all men are not

                          severe judgment of God to which we were -exposed.              crucified, there `is nothing unique even in this.         Tihou-

                            Q. 39. Is there anything more in his being cruci-            sanids  -of men were crucified about the time of  .Jesus'

                         fied, than if he had died some other death?          '          life, and untold thousands more have suffered even
                            A. Yes there is; for thereby I am assured that he            greater agonies, w,ere  tortured, sawn asunder, torn

                         took on him the curse which-lay upon me; for the                apart  `limb by limb on the cruel rack, burnt alive, or
                         death of the cross was accursed of God.                         left to rot slowly in dark dungeons.        And that was the
                                                                              I          end of them, as far as human history is concerned.
                                              1.                                         But the special significance of the words "suffered.
                                Atoning Suffering.                                       was crucified, .dead  and buried," must be f,ound in the

              -As to the text of  this fifteenth Lord's Day, we may                      Subject of this suffering. It was He that was born,-

                                                                                   -


                                                                                                                                 CL
316. *                                    T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R


that suffered, `was crucified, and ,buried. And He is             of man, and to realize the kingdom of  `God ,on earth.
Jesus Christ, our Lord, the only begotten Son of God,             When a man babbles much about the good,ness  of,
who was conceived by the Holy `Ghost, ,born  of the               Christ, ,and  about the lovely Jesus, and :avoi&  to
virgin Mary.      God Himself came in the flesh, and was          emphasize His suffering and death, you must inquire
born. God Himself suffered in the flesh! God Him-                 of him at once whether he believe*  the confession of the
self was crucified.- in the flesh, died in the flesh, and         Church that Jesus Christ is the .only  begotten Son of
was buried in the flesh]       Therein, and therein done,         God, co-eternal with the Father and the Holy Ghost.
lies the altogether unique and tremendous power and                   If' the cross is not the cross of the Son of God, is
significance of the words of the Confessi,on.                     is foolishness ! *
   ,Only  becaus,e  it is the Subject of the only begotten                      0
Son of `God in the flesh that suffcered,  can the explana-

tion of this suffermg  offered Iby the Catechism in its               Turning now to the explanation of the .Oa.techism
answer to the thirty-seventh question be mdntained.               in its answer to the thirty-seventh question, we cannot
For' only the Son of God could truly bear the wrath of            but notice that it elaborates upon the words of the
Gold in His suffering, and taste the awful reality of             Confession, and ascribes to them,a  `wider meaning than
that wrath in, all His. passion ; only the Son of God in          they can literally have.         The Apostol&~m,~  evidently,
the flesh could su&n;in  that wrath of _God to the end,           refers oniy to the suffering of Christ at the  end of His
without being crushed under it, and becommg  utterly              earthly sojourn and ministry, when it declares: "suf-
lost in everlasting desolation; only the Son .of  God in          fered under Pontius Pilate." The phrase "under  Pon-
the flesh could make ,of that suffering no mt,  and that,         tius Pilate" must probably be understood as a temporal
too, an act, of perfect obedience, so that His pa&on              modifier, an indication as to the time when Jesus suf-
and death became the perfect Yes over against the  nri            fered. At all events, the entire expression is one, and
of sin, the only atoning sacrifice.     And so, only by the       is, according to the intent of the Apostolic Confession.
suffering of the Son .of  God in the flesh `could our re-         not to be split up. It refers, therefore, definitely to
*demption  from everlasting damnation be accomplished,            the final suffering of our Lord. The Heidelberger,
and could there be obtaine.d  for `us the grace of God,           however, divid,es  the phrase .of  the ,Conf ession,  and .in
righteousness, and eternal life.                                  its answier  to the thirty-seventh question treats the
  .. Moreover,_ only when w.e first confess that' it is           words "He suffered" separately,- thus .making  it pos-
Jesus (Christ, the only begotten Sonof God, ,our Lord,            sible to elpeak  of the passion of the Saviour as .extending
that was born, suffered, was crucified and died,  is`it           over "all the time he lived ,on earth."
possible to continue this         confession conderning  the          Further, it is to ,be noted that the Catechism men-
`revelation L of Jesus Christ.      Wit,h mere man this is        tions the following elem'ents  in explanation of the suf-
impossible. You-can, indeed, write the real biography             fering of our Lord:         1: The real essense_of  this suffer-
of every man, no -ma.tter  how illustrious a name he may          ing consists in the fact that He bore the wrath  .of
have made for himself among men, iu these words:                  God. 2. This wrath of God He not merely suffered,
born, suffered, died.     For such is the reality of human        but He sti.staimacZ  it; in German : Er hat den Zorn Gottes
existence that in these,  words the most important.  fat&s        wider ,die Siinde  des ganzen menschlichen Geschlechts
concernmg  it are r,elated.  All is vanity. Death is in           getrcbgen.         3. That He bore and sustained this wrath of
all-man's life and activity. And there is no way out.             ,God Iduring His whole life, but especially at the end,
You cannot continue the description. Man's existence              4. That H'e sustained the wrath of God agtinst  the sin
ends in [death, and that, too, in everlasting .death.     But     ,of  a/6mankitid,  of the iwhofie h&man  race.    5. That thus
the revelation of JOLTS  Christ is not finished with death        His suffering ,constitutes  the atonmg  `sacrifice whereby
a.nd burial.    Exactly abecause  it is the only begotten Son     we are redeemed from damnation, and obtain the grace
of ,God th*ti.t  suffered and died, the confession of the         of God, right,eousness,  and eternal life. These various
Church continues : "on the third ,day he was-raised truths now demand our attention.
again from the dead, ascended into heaven, and sitteth                First of all, then, the Buffering of Christ was essen-
at the right hand ,of God, the Father, Almighty.         From     tially a sustaining ,of  the wrath of God.against  sin, the
then,ce  he shall come to judge the ,quick-ra.ncd  the dead !"    sin of the whole human race, and thereby it becomes
    That, and not the modern good Man  ,of ,Galilee,              the' sacrifice of reconciliation.
is emphatically the r,evelation  of J'esus  Christ.                   For a proper understanding of this mystery of sal-

    No wonder that Modernism, `which begi.ns  by deny-            vation, it may be well, first of all, to  .recall  the distinc-
ing the tree and essential divinity of Christ, is loath           tion that is: frequently, and very properly, made in
to speak of Christ's tatoning suffering and death, and            t,heology_  between state and condition. For this dis-
rather extols Him as the great, teacher, and the  ,perfect        tinction is important with a view to the question as to
,example,  from whom we can all learn to be good, and             how Christ couBd bear and s_ustain  the wrath of God.

-w!hom  we may all follow to esta1blish  the brotherhood          In popular speech the two words are often used pro-


                                             ` T H E ;  ,STANDAiR.D   B E  ARE%                                                  `317


     miscuously, but in theology they should abe  carefully            into the sta%e of a servant.    The holy Child Jesus, Who

     distinguished. By state"is  meant one's legal position            was peysonatly  righteous both ius to His state and ,con-

     as determined by the sentence .of the judge or  magis-            d&on,  entered into the the state of sinners, and, there-

     trate, while c~onclition  denotes mode of being, the sum          fore, into their condition  as far as their suffering and

     total of the accidental properties of any. being at a             death la!re concerned.    This is the meaning of that rich
     given time. When someone enters this couritry  EI~ an             and  .prof.ound  passage in Philippians 2 :6; "Who, be-

     immigra&  his state  is that  of a foreigner, under the           ing in `the f.orm of God, thought it not robbery to be

     American law he has no rights of citizenship.          When,      equal with God: but malde himself of no Teputation,
     a few years later,  he receives his naturalization papers,        and took ,upon him the form of a servaiit,  and `was
     .his  state is changed. His corzdition,  however, remains         made in the likeness of men:          And ,being  found in

     `practically unchanged: he still h~+s foreign blood in his        fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became _
     veins,  band  his outward appearance reveals that he is           obedient unto death, ev.en  the death of the cross."

     foreign born. Such modes of existence, however, as                    If we ,bearcthis  in mind, we Will be able to under-

     isickneSs and health,.soberness  and drunkeness,  integrity       stand a little of the profound mystery of redemption

     antd depravity, are conditiois.                                   and recoetiililation.

        Now man is a sinner ,both  as to his state and as to               Christ, so the Catechism teaches us, ,bore  the wrath

,    his condition. As t,o his sba.tes,  i;e. his* legal position      of God against the sin of the whole human race.
     according to the judgment  of God, he ils guilty; as to               What does that mean?

     his condition, he is totally depraved. In his state of                Let us put the question this way : does it mean that
     guilt he is worthy of death, object of the just wrath             God was ever angry with Christ personally?          But how
     of God ; as to his condition, he is incapable of  *doing          could this possibly be?     Zn His person, our Lord is the

     ariy good, and inclined to all evil.                              only begotten Son of God, Who is in the *bosom of the

         Applied to Christ, this means that He entered into            Father Ieternally.  (Certainly, it would be blasphemy

     the state of s@meny,  but not into their ethical, corrupt         to assert that the Father is lever  angry with the Son.

     condition.     In God's eternal decree, He was ordained to        But wla.e  He, per.haps,  aligry  with the Man Jesus?     Was

     `b;e the head of His sinful people, so that He represented        His anger. direct,ed against Christ as the Servant of

     them before the law of God, and before the bar of the             Jehovah personally?       Again, we say that this is equally

     Judge of heav.en  and :earth,  IHe la.ssumed  their guilt.        impos'sible,  and, `besides, it is contrary to  !a,11 we ever

     .And  in the fulness of time He willingly ent,ered  into          read of the Saviour as Man in relation. to God.          If He

     that state of guilt decreed for Him in .Go~d's  eternal           su'ffered the wrath of God all His life,  this; certainly

     gdod pleasure.      For "when the fulness of the time             cannot mean that God was angry with His holy Child

     was come, God sent forth His Son, made of a woman,                Jesus during His entire lifetime, and that our Saviour

     made ,under  the law:" CTlaJ. 4 :4.     H'e, Who is in Him-       was conscious of this anger of God against IIim. All
     self the eternal Lord, became a servant, :ent,er;ed'  into        His lise  is one testimony of the fact  that He lived in

     the state of a servant, so that He was obliged to fulfill         perfect 5ello'wship  with  the Father, aad  was conscious

     the law.      He, Who was !3:bove the law, placed Himself         of His approval`and favor.      What was annoulnced  from

     under the law.      Moreover, seeing that He placed Him-          heaven at His baptism, and a&n at His transfigura-

     ,self  under the law, and that,, too, according to God's          tion on the mdunt, covers His relationship to the Father
     decree, as the -representative Head of  I3s sinful and            during His whole life: f`This  is my -beloved Son, in
     guilty peopl'e,  He entered the state of guilt, and in that       whom I am well pleased!" Was He not the obedient

     state He was obliged to bear the wrath of God to the              Servant? A21d was not God always  well pleased with
     end, io fulfill all th,e demands of the justice of  God           Him, `even  as. Man?. Yea, was there ever a moment

     against the sin of His own.                                       in which He was so perfectl-y obedient, so  dleeply  in

         It must be remembered that in and through all this            harmony with the will ,of God, as that very moment in

     His pemmal  state rem&led  that of per&et  righteous-             which He icried  out: "My `God, my God, why hast thou
     ness before God. He `was born without guilt, for He               f ors!aketi me ?"
     was the Person of the Son ,of God ; .and while undeu:.the             What does ii mean, then, that our Saviour bore the
     law, and even while under the wrath  ,of  ,God, He re-            wrat*h  of God?

     mained perfectly righteous: He was the ,obeldient  ser-               It implies, first ,of all, that I+e suffered the ezpr"es-

     vant of Jehovah.      And, as to His ,ethieaa  cowditiorz,  He    sion, the concrete effect of the wrath of God against
     was and-remained holy and ,blameless.       While He ient,er-     sin, .against  the sin of others, of the human rlace.    IGod's
     ed into the state of  si-liners,  He remained separate from       wrath .is the `reaction of His holinless  against the work-

     sinners as to His comiition,  ,except  in so 3a.r as He mulct     ers of iniquity. Gold is the yply One. For He is the

     bear the wrath of `God,  and, therefor'e,  be. subjsected  to     only Good. He is the implication of all infinite per-

     suffering :nd death. The Son. ,of God, Who is Lord                fections. Hence, He is .consecrated  to Himself. Ha?

     and above  the law, came under the law, and ent,ered              seeks Himself, knows Himself,  loves &rnaclf?  glorlf&~


        318 .-_-                                 T#E  S T A N D A R D  .BEARER


        H;im&lf. He seeks His gl8ry also in the creature.
        For.man  this means  .that_  it is his everlasting obliga-             Do The Reprobz$ed.Sin In IIell
        tion to be consecrated to ,God  only.     He must love God,

        seek Him, ah8  glorify Him, with all his heart, and with              ~The question that we 5ace in this paper is: "Dq

        all his soul, and with all his. mind, and with all his             the reprobated sin in hell". Or\ "Will IGod make ala

        strength. If he does this, God embraces him; in His                end of sin also in the reprobated in hell as  we.ll  as he

        blessed lovingkindness an,d favor, -and he is unspeak-             makes an end of sin in the redee,med  who are saved,"

        ably happy.     But if he fails to ,do just  that, if he. turns    or "What possibility, if any, is there to the lost in hell

   "against the' Holy `One, rejects Him, rebels against Him,               for sinning?"           The answers to these questions must,

        igliores Him, tramples His glory under foot, He reacts             ,of course, be derived from the Scriptures, and not from

        against that rebellious sin&r  in I3is anger, phrsues              our reason.          ,Our  reason has wort,h,  in our attempt

        l&m  constantly tiith  fear and terror, mikes  he ill-             to know the truth, as we possess it in the Christ and as

        expressibiy  `miserable; casts him down into everlasting           it has been revealed to us in the Stcriptures,  only if our

        darkmesses  of dssolation. This ,is His attitude toward            r&son  be saactified  <by  Christ's grace and be put in the

        the sin of all mtinkind.;  And the :expression.  .of "this         service of oul;  faith.       Let US  then see what the Scrip-

        wrath, i.e. the pain and agony, the suffering and mis-             tures teach ,on this point.

   :ery,  thesorrow and anguish of soul, `the desolation and                   Ntiw  the Scriptures teach `over and over that the

        darkness, the fear and terror, the Id-eath  End hell, that         wicked, the reprobated.-wicked, are to be destroyed.

   ,becomes  thie experience of' him against ,whom God                     I need not quote Scripture here to Trove  this.             When

   `directs'His  wrath, `Christ experienced !                              we shall have determined from the Scriptures just
        _    That is, the explanation, but at the same time the,           what it means thlat  the wicked shall be dektroyed,  we
   paradox of the cross!                                                   shall have found ans,wers  to the abdv&questions.             Just

             At the moment of His  ,deepest  and most perfect              what does it mean that the wicked shall be destroyed?

  obedience, He endures the agonies of the damned!                         That the wicked shall be destroyed does-not mean,  ,ac-

             At the mome&  when God is most highly pleased                 cording to the Scri%tures,  that th'e wicked are to be
   with Him, He experiences all the terror of being for-                   annihilated, be made tb. c,ease  to exist.            I heed not
   saken of God!                                                           .quote  the Scriptures here to prove this.          Nor cali the

             But tliia is exactly why hell is  s>ill a question, an        teaching that the wicked shall be destroyed be limited

   outcry to -God'for  an answer!           +nd  that is the reason,       to their physical  death. Physical death, though the

   too, why, even from, the darkness ,of hell, and in the                  result of sin, is not  ,eertainly  the punisbment of sin.

   condition of. utter desolation, the obedient Servant                    Scripture forbids such a view.           It .teaches  that eternal

   can still cry out: ,"My God, My God !"                                  death is not,  to consist in the lost spending an eternity

             He, that knew no sin, is made sin !                           in hell as disembodied spirits.         The lost, too, according
             And that is al& the reason, why his question, press-          to the Bible, will cotie  forth out of the grave-in a body
   ed from His utterly forsla'ken  and agonized  soul, has an              adapted to Ia mdae  of existence in everlasting hell.         Yet,
   answer.         In ,the he11  of mere sinners there is no  ques-        to destroy a thing means very actually to make an
-tion.          It is the answer, the fmal  answer,. the answer of         lend ,of it. That God is to destroy the wicked means
   overlasting `wrath. But the suffering Servant of Je-                    that He will make an end of them.           But the question is :
  hovah, (because He is obedient `and yet forsaken, has                    In what sense will He make am end of the  wick&d?

  -8 question: Why me? And it receives an answer pre-                         In answering this quastEon  we must Set out with
   sently, an answer to which  the Servant responds even                   taking notice how the wicked in this life, as dwellers

   at the cross: It is finished!                                           `on ihis earth, react to God, to the revelation of himself
             Christ, then, bore the wrath of `God in that He bore          in his moral l.aw,  ,in providence, in history and in the

  all the agonies of soul atid body which are the expres-                  face  of Christ. The wicked are  upp0se.d  to God. They

. sion  of that wrath.                                                     are antiagonistic  to Him.        But right here we must dis-
                                                                           tiliguish between ethical and metaphysical opposition
                              ~                            J$: H. *
  :,                                                                       tie God, between opposition to ,God in thg ethical sphere
                                                                           and in the sphere that we, for the want  of a name,

                                                                           will denote by $he  term metaphysical. The former,

                                   W a n t e d .  :                        ethic&l .opposition,  is defianoe ,of and antagonism to
                                                                           God's will as revealed in His moral law, in history land
             For the next  Calvinistic  colif erence : Calvinists.         in' provi,dence,  thus also to His counsel in so far as it
  Need have no special qualifications;  except  t,hat  they                has been revealed. -Metaphysical obposittion  to God  is
  must be loyal, to the cause of comrrion grace  anld  the                 a frustration of IIis d&erniinlate  will as ,expressed  in
  "Three Points".                                                          His cbunsel.         &s to ethical opposition, there is certainly

                                                          H. H.            opposition  to God of this type 0~ the part of the wicked,


                                                                                           i


                                        - T H E  STANQARD   B E A R E R                                                       319


 And that is their great sin. .The  sinning of the wicked           .and  moral opposit,ion  to God's law. This is the implica-

 thus t.akes  place in the sphere of the ethical.      Now the      tion of the Biblical proposition  that  the natural man is

 humanly ethical bears on the will, on the heart of                 totally-Idepraved.     The theory of common grace is fic-

 man.                                                               tion. It is insipient modernism pure and ,simple.  It

       Let us observe then first that the wicked oppbse             is the prize line of the devil. From the point of view

 their corrupt wills to the moral law of (God,  to all His          of its duplicity, it is the masterpiece of darkness.    Such
 ordinances. `The law of God demands of man that, hs                are the plain teachings of God's Word.       )A11  that is not
 love God with all his heart and with all his mind and              ,of  faith is sin ; and the natural' man is ,devoid of faith.,
 with all his will, strength and heart.       The reprobated        All that is of the world is not of God, and the `world

 wi,cked-and, all men by natu?e  wi,ll  to hate God and ,do         passes away and all that is of the world, that, is, has
 hate Him with all their being, with their whole heart,             its origin in the principle of sin in the world, is dqomed

 mind and yi;ill.      There is- not an atom ,of love in the        to pass (away with the world.

 heart of the natui-al  man, not the smallest principle                Secondly, the natural man is opposeId,  actively c&

 `of holiness.     This, by the way, is the ryal  issue in the      \osed,  that is, antagonistic, not only  t,o God's .morql,.

 common grace as developed by the late Dr. A. Kuyper.               will as revealfed  in the ten commandments but he. js
 Is there, in the natural man,  d,evoi,d  of the iife ,of regen-    actively. opposed also to ,God's  determinate will as re-

 eration, a principle of true holiness, be i.t ever so small,       vealed in providence. When- we speak of provideqce,

 whereby sin in them is checked and from which                      here we have reference especially to the curse  .of  God

 proceed works that are truly good in the sight of God.             ,that  jbegan  to stalk the earth land to permeate man's

 These questions Kuyper [answered in the affirmative.               existence-turning his day into night-immedilately~

 And these affirmative answers wfere adopted by the                 after the fall.     Thus we have reference to the continu-  ~
 Chr;istian  Reformed Synod of 1924 and form  points                ous revelation from heaven of the wrath of God  ,over`
 two and three of Synod's notorious three points. `To ,a11 unrighteousness of man, to God's laying waste this '
 affirm'that the natural man does no good in the sight              earth, Esau's heri&ge,  the heritage of. the reprobated,

 of God and that sin is not checked in him is  tostate  the         of the world that lies in darkness, to the laying waste

 matter correctly yet not with sufficient  acrimoily.  These        of this earth. for the dragons of the  wilder(ness,  thus

 answers' can `be circumvented. One can play                        to (God's jmpoverishidg  Eldom  continually throu,gh  the
                                                          hoc~ts
 pocus with them by juggling terms. For the  Bible                  ,centuries;  to his throwing Esau down and making his

does speak of the good that sinners  (do.:  "If you do              place desollate.    Thus we refer to the BesuIting  rsuffer-

 good unto those who do good uiito you," says Christ.               ings of this present time, which is the. portion of the

 So, too, does He speak of the righteou&ess  of tJle                damped  a-nd in which God's people for a little while,

 Pharisee.        But H,e teaches that the goodness and the must also share.                The wicked are actively opposed
 righteousness of the natural man is sin and nothing                antagonistic, tb this curse  in its operation, .actively

 but sin in the sight of God,  wheti  He sayt$  that, doing         opposed to the wrath of God in its manifestation, o&

 go"od unto those who do good unto us, we  ,excel  inot the         posed are they to war and pestilence, to sickness and to
 sinners and that, if our righteousness  [does not exceed           all the va&ous  diseases, mental and phylsical,  afflicting
 that of the Pharisee, we ,can in no wise. enter the king-          mankind, opposed lare  they  to this impoverishing of
 dom of heaven.       And there is a sense in which God #does       Edom;  to the laying waste of Edom's heritage, opposed

 Fe&rain  sin `in the wicked as for example..when  he,              to floods atid: drought and famine and to Edom's place
 through fear ,of  the police, restrains' a thug from               as desolated, oppolsed  in a word, to all the sufferings of
 executing sake  nefarious plan of his.      But the qtiestion      this present time with tall that it includes. But, one
 is whether the&  is in that fear an at,om  of holiness.            may.ask, can this lbe h&Id  against the wicked? Is not
 Certainly th{$e  is: not. The natural man is totally de.-          also the believer opposed to sickness and death.        Does
 praved.      He is a bad tree only @at ,bears  fruit that is       he not also, when taken ill, call in  a' idoctor?  And is
 as corrupt as- the principle in him from which it pro-             this not his duty? Does not also the believer  s-Sail
 ceeds-the principle of sin. ' All the issues of his heart himself of the findings of science to couni>eract  the
 are in the ethical sense opposed to the law .of  `God.             blight that attacks his crops, and to destroy thhe  insects
 All i&at  the ,natural man produc.eLs  out of himself-his          that devour his fields? To be sure he does. And cer-
 philosophy, his music ,and songs, however beautiful .as            tainly, I repeat, this is duty, ,the neglect of which is to
 to form-his-  prayers and praise and thanksgiving,                 *tempt  God. In the wicked, however, this opposition
 his faithfuln+ss  t,o his -marriage  vows, the honesty that        prooeeds  from the principle ,of sin that op.erates`in  the
 .chanacterizes  him as a-man of affairs in the world,              essence of his ,being.  In the wilcked,  ther.efore,  this

 his tears  and' mirth, his love and compassion and good-           opposition to the sufferings of this present time is
 will toward his neighbor, all his striving-such as his             conscious antagonism against God, hatred of the Most
 striving to establish peace on this earth-all is. ,an              sigh, rebellion [against and horrible defiance of God.

 abomination in the sight ,of God. `All is enmity against           The bel,iever,  by the grace of God, humbles him:
  0


                                                                                                                                ..- .
                                              T H E  .STANDARD`-BEARER  .

      self under the mighty hand  ,of God and repents in                  realization of the council of God, thus as a revelation of

      dust and ashes on account of his sins. And he can                   God, the ,Go,d and Father ,of Christ. _ Edom  delivers
      glory in tribulation b.ecause  he spiritually discerns              LQ history to chance  or to fate or He maintains that

      and experiences that tribulations, san_ctified,  as they            the destinies of mankin.d are determined by man him-
      are, to His heart, advance his salvation.         He under-         self and that the course of world events are directed
      stands that the sufferings oi this present time rare not            solely by man.      For God is'not  in all Edom's thoughts.

'     to be compared with the glory that has been prepared                Now, in Christian lznds,  where men are brought into
      for him.      But Edom saith, we .are impoverished by the           contact with the gospel, all this opposition is against,

      .Almighty,  but we will show <God. And in opposition                Christ, that is, against God as revealed in the face of

      to and in hatred of God, Edom saith, "but we will re-               ,Christ.     It is in these lands that the opposition to God
      turn and build the desolate places.          But thus saith         attains the highest degree of intensity.      There is then.

      the Lord of hosts, They shall return and build, but I               on the part ,of  Edom, this ethical opposition, antagon-

      will throw down and they shall call. them, The border0              ism, to God.
      ofzwi,ckedness  and , T,he people against whom the Lord                    However, Edom .does not and cannot frustrate God's
      bath  indignation forever."     AnId God does throw cdown           counsel.     For the counsel of God includes Edom in all
      Edon& rebuilt places even thr,ough  the la.gency or"                his ethical antagonism to God ; and it is out of the womb
      Edom himself. Think of the frightful ruin and de-                   of an almighty and sovereign providence that Edom ii;
      struetion  of this present war.     The Lord turns against          brought forth by lGo,d  Almighty and sovereign, broughT
      Edom his own gods, his idols, his science and industry.             forth in all his wanton rebellion, in all his defiance OE
      Indeed Edom wants peaae, not God's peace but man's                  heaven,. in all his vain imagining, in all his plotting
     . peace.    And- Ed,om  holds his peace-conferences, an,d he         against God, His anoiinted  and His people, in all hizj
     thinks peace and urges peace and proclaims peace and                 abominable works, in all his atheisms and idolatry, 111
      strives to establish peace.        Edom opposes war and             all his utterly foolish pride, in it11 his.violence and re-
      sickness and death, buillds a mighty civilization, and              fined sinning, in all his hypocracy  la.nd  an.d selfright-
      thinks to establish by these vain efforts, the kingdom              eousne&,aprhich  is colossal, in all his cruelty, in all his
      of #God-whi&in  truth is the kingdom of man and of                  thievery aed  robberies, in all his lying and  ,deceits,  in
      the prince- of this worldthinks to establish this king-             all his profanity and in all his adulteries  la.nd  unclean
      ,d.om ,011  this. earth in his fierce antagonism to and             ness. For Edom, in himself, is nothing. He has his '
      defiance of the Go.d' of the .Scriptures.      Thus Edom's          being in God and in  ,Go.d he lives and moves. H'e .is
      opposition to the sufferings ,of this present time-his              but cIay  in the hands of a potter, and the potter is God.
      peace-conferences. and peace tr'eaties  and all his efforts         Thus E$dom cannot as much as harden himself except                   .
      to establish peace, his opposition to sickness and di-              God harden him. Edom, in all his abominations,  d-
      sease, all his striving toward the uplift of humanity,              ways does ,what  God has determined and wills that
      all his philanthropy, is. sin and nothing but sin.       It i.;;    he shall do.     It means; that Edom, in all his opposition
      active rebellion against and denance  of (God.  It. is              to God,:is  God's slave and serves God's cause, his king-
      E,dom's  vain attempt to free  hims,elf an.d his heritage-          dom and his people, though, -to beg sure,, he meaneth
      this earth-fr,om.  the curse of God in a way other than             not so, but it is in his heart actually to bring God  nnder
      that of true repentance and forsaking of sin and of re-             his heel.     He stanids  there, does Edom, the world t-hat
      conciliation to God thro,ugh  the cross ,of Christ.       But       lieth in darkness, shaking  his vile fist in God's face and _
      ,God continues t,o lay Edom's heritage waste.. God's                in the face of Christ, and his striving is to usurp God's
      curse continues to stalk the earth.      And in the appear-         place in the universe.     Thus Edom continually lives the
      ing of Christ, Edom's heritage will be utterly  ,destroy-           lie of the tempter, "Thou shalt be as  God.                Edom
                                                                                                                           . . ."
      ed.     God's people, too, have a heritage, lan inheritance         is become as God, as God saith, "Behold the man is
      in Christ Jesus, the new earth, where the tabernacle of             become as one of us. . -. ." This is not irony, or sar-
      God will be with men.       How different1.y  ,God deals with       oa.sm,  a statement that is, to be taken m its reverse
      the heritage of His people. He preserves it for them                meaning. For the thought here expressed is substan-
      in heaven and -unto this inheritance he preserves His               tially repeated by Paul, when he said, "Wha,"  namely,
      people.      Thereiln,  namely in his laying Edom's heritage        that man of. sin to be revealed, "Who opposeth and
      waste and in his preserving in heaven for His people                exalteth himself above la.11 that is called *God,,  6r that
      their inheritance and in preserving them for t.his  in-             is worshipped ; so that he as ,God sitteth in the temple
      heritance, he shows that He loves  IIis people and hates            of God, sllowing himself that he is God."      The meaning
                                                        . .
      Edom.                                                               is that man behaves as though he were  #God an.d  its
             If Edom  is opposed*to  the providence of God of the         though God were his slave.       Wh1a.t  a hildeous  thing sin

      present, he is also opposed to the providence of ,God of            is.    To say that this word of Paul is irony is to destroy
      the past.     This is but another way of saying that Edom           it.    And the word .,of God, "Man is become as one  of:

      is opposed to God in history, opposed to history as the             us", is no more irony than is this word. of Paul.
                                                                                                                                          *


     Now that the wicked will be destroyed must imply                and island were moved out of their places. And the

 in the first place that God will put an enId to this ter-           kings of the earth and the great men, and the rich men,
rible_  reaction of the wick'ed  to him, put tan end to all          and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every
 their r.ebellion,  a;ld defiance and pride.      For the wicked,    bondmian,  and every free man, hid themselves in the
 certainly, are not destroyed if they everlastingly defy             dens and in the rocks of the mountains  ; and said to ths
 God, .if .everlastingly  ;they behave as though they were           mountains and rocks, Fall on us, apd  hide us from the
 God and as though God were under their heel, in theil               face of him that sitteth on the throne, and frorh  the'
 power. Thus, that the wicked are to be  .destroyed'means.           wrath of the lamb; For the great day of. w&h  is

-in the first place that their ethical oplsosition  to God           come; and who shall be able to stand."
 will cease. - That God will put an end to this reaction on               Scripture makes it unmistakeably  clear that Edom
 the part ,of the wicked, is the teachings of Scripture.             shall be humbled, brought low, not merely objectively,,
 Eph. 2:9-11, "Wherefore God hath also highly exalted                so that, 1a.s he lies there in the <dust before ,God  and
 him, *and giv;en  him a name abov$  every name that at              Christ, his soul still seethes with rebellion ,but  also
 the name of Jesus every knee  should  ,bOw, of (things in           subjectively, in his mind and heart.           For, according to.
 he.aven,  and things in .earth;and  thiilgs  under the'earth ;      these scriptures, his soul is to be seized by utter fea?'
 and that every tongue should confess that Jesus is the              and in that fear he will pay homage to Christ  and  to
 Lord, to the glory of the Father."       Certainly; the ton.-       ,God.     Rebellion in him will cease; 1a.s.  his will to rebel1
 gues that are to confess that Jesus: is the Lord, include           will <be ,broken.       His idolatry will cease,  as the text just,
 also those of the reprobaked  wicked.           The knees .that,    quoted, declares, all his attacks upon God will  .cease.
in the appearing `of Christ, are to bow before Him                        Now such a (doctrine is blissfully satisfying to  evei*;
 include also the knees of th.e r,eprobate,d  wicked.        For     true child of God.          His sanctified reason calls fpr, the:

1 the text says tl;at  .every knee shall bow and that every          subjective humiliation of E,dom.             The conception of
 tongue shall cotifess that ,Christ  is the Lor.d.     And there     Edom in hell, eternally defiant `,of God, everlastingly
.are  no statements occurring  in the context indieatting            reviling God in his heart and with his tongde crying
 that the adjectives uZZ and every must be limited to the            out his rebellion and w,ith  his fists clenched in God's.face'
 redeemed. Now confessing that Christ is  Ford,  and                 is certainly shocking to. the sanctified sensibilities of

#bowing  before him is certainly indicative of an attitude           all those who love ,God  and love Christ.            They dbhor
 that is opposed to rebellion. The construction that we              th!e  idea. Should Edom continue defiant, it could dnly
here place upon this peasage  has the firm support of                `be because God had cot the power to subdue him anti
 several other passages in the Scriptures.             Isa. 2:17,    in that case, sin,+ as it riots in E.dom,  were as mighty
 "And the loftiness of men  shill be bowed ,down, and the            or mightier than God.           This ethical dualism, therefore,
 haughtiness of _men shall be made  low: and the Lord                cannot and shall not continue. (We *peak  her<  of
alone &all  be exalted in that day.       And the idols shall        ethical dualism. What we mean is antithesis. Dualism
 be utterly abolished.    And they shall go into the holes           there is not, as Edom in all his ethical opposition to IGod
of the ro,cks,  and into the caves of the. earth, for fear of        is included in God's sovereign counsel).
the Lord, and for the glory of  Hlis maj,esty,  when he                   Mark you, we speak here of this @resent opp&itln?l
 arises to shake terribly the earth."           That this predic-    to God on the. part of Edom.  as an ethi,ca,l  dualism in
tion, in the final instan'ce,  must be made to apply to the          distinction from what we shall call, for the %vatit df a
humiliation .of the reprobated wicked in the final. jtidg-           na.me,  metaphysical dualism. This mettiphysicil  dual-
ment is indicated by the statement that those of  tvhom.             ism is not.         For as we saw, Edom in  all1 his ethic&l  K*-'
the prophet here speaks, shall' be driven by fear, in-               bellion,  is included in the counsel ,of God and is broukht-
spired by the majestic presence of the Lord, into the                forth by Go'13  out ,of the,  `womb of #divine  providence;            .
 caves `of the earth.     The redeemed certainly tire  .not          Edom, too, though he meaneth not so, is God's s.&vant;'
to be included here.      Then there are bother  Scriptures          But there is now this ethical dualism.          The'old  Persia&
 edpressive  of identical thought. Hosea 10%:  "The                  had both an ethical Iand metaphysical `dualism, and like-
hi,gh  places also &of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be             wise t,he exponents of common grace of this day, and

destroyed : the thorn .-and the thistle shall come upon              a    g    e    .                                   G. i% 0.
their altars ; and they shall say to the mountains, covey                                      (To be continued)             '
us ; and to the hills, fall upon us." Rev. 6 :12-7,  "And
I beheld when he had opened the sixth' -seal, and low,,

there was  a great earthquake ; and the sun became
blla.ck  as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as                     The way some pepple always boast about Calvinism'
bloo5d;  and the stars of heaven fell unto  the.earth,  even         reminds me of the Dutch farmer that  wa:s  shearing'
as a fig tree casteth her untiniely  figs, when she is.              his hogs ; asked how he was geiting  along, he said :
shaken by a might,y  wind.      A3d the heave-n .degarted  as        "Much squealing, but little wool;"

a scroll when it is rolIed  together : land every mountain                                                                  E. N.


                                                                               zingen?     Kan #dat  iets vermogen tegen staal en zwaard
                     Een Gebed In ,Oorlog                                      en vuur?
                                                                                     En ze deden het ook. We Bezen van  ,dien strijd, dat
        .1

                                 (Psalm 83) .                                  de zangera  vooruit liepen :er zongen : "Looft den Heere,
                                                                               want Zijne goedertiereeheid is in ,der eeuwigheid!"                .
              Dit is een der psalmen waarvan we den historischen                    En wat ,deed God?
 achtergrond bijna zeker weten. Alles wijst erop, dat                                Luistert en aanbidt!
 we te doen hebben met de periode van Ju,da's  besta.an                              Ten tijde, dat de zangers aanhieven "een  vreugde-
 ten tijde van. koning Josafat ; en meer :n het bijzonder,                     geroep en lofzang" stelde #de Heere den vijand achter-
 het tijdstip toen "de'kinderen Moabs `en de kinderen                          hagen!     Let er toch op, dat dit geschiedde  ten tijde dnt
 Ammons en met ben anderen, benevens <de Ammonieten,                           &j het lied van ioif  aanhieven! Zoo  voert God Zijn
 tegen Josafat ten strij,de  kwamen."                   (Leest 11 Kro-         volk ten oorlog.
 n i e k e n  20.)          I                                                        Nu schijnt het,, dat Jahaziel, de zoon van Asaf,
  -.          Het -zag er hachelijk uit voor Juda .en -Judla's ko-             gebeden heeft tot :God, vooraleer hij profeteerde van
 ning: Er wordt een bon'dgenootschap  genoemd in de                            de nederlaag die den vijand zou lijlden.       En dat gebed,
 verzen 7-9, dat tien volken insluit.             Bovendien zien we            hetwelk.gebeden  is door den zoon van Asaf, hebben we
 op de kaart, ,dat die tien volken Israel omsloten. Edam,                      in den 83sten psalm. Dat er Asaf  staat en iniet Jahaziel
  Ismael, en de Amelekieten bedreigden Israel  .van, het                       komt van het feit, dat vaker den naam van den vader
 Zuiden;`Moab, :Ammon en wa.arschij!nlijk  de Hagarenen                        genoemd wordt voor lde kinderen, vooral als (de vader
 lagen in het Oosten ; Assur, de trotsche, tierde van uit                      een beroemd man geweest was in Israel.
 het Noorden; en ,de Filistijnen, ,Gebal en Tyrus  beraad-                           Zoo komen we tot den psalm die we hier onder ds-
 slaagden vanuit het Westen.             Juda was omsingeld. '                 cussie nemen.
              Doch, geen nood, Juda's konin,g vreesd.e den Heere.                    Asaf, `dat is Jahaziel, zag a;1 die vreeselijke vijanden
  Er staat van hem geschreven, dat toen al die vijanden                        en toen is hij in het gebed gegaan.           Zijn .bi,dden  is
 des Heeren erfdeel bedreigden, hij "zijn aangezicht                           smeeken. Het klinkt- hartstochtelijk.
  stelde om den Heere te zoeken."            Bovendien, zoo lezen                    "0 God !"    Hoe geheel anders klinken onze gebeden
 we;' "Juda  werd vergaderd om van den Beere hulp te                           als de dingen als naar gewoonte geschieden, als er geen
 zoeken."            Ook wist Josafat',des  Heeren wegen. Hij                  wolkje aan (de lucht is.      Dan bidden we wel, doch hoe
  riep garxsch Juda en Jeruzalem te zamen in en voor                           kalmpj'es ,gaat. het ons ,dan .af.    Ik (betrap me soms laan
 het `Huis Gods.           En staande te midden van God's volk                 het `einde van mijn bidden of midden in het gebed en
  hief hij zijne stem JI, en riep den Heere aan. Zijn.                         zeg dan t,ot mijn ziel : Beseft ge wat ge. aan `t doen zijt?
  gebed,-hetwelk ,ons opgeteekend staat in heteerder ge-                       Hoe geheel anders `is ons gebed, als het benauwd
  noemde hoofdstuk van 2 Kronieken 20, moet ge lezen                           wor.dt.
  vooraleer ge'verder  gaat: het is lieflijk ,en krachtig.                           Welnu, het was benauwd ten tijde van dit gebed.
  We worden .herinnerd aan 8eti. spreuk van Jakobus  :                         D!at kunt ge. merken nit veel #en velerlei. ,O  G o d !
  "Een krachtig gebed des rechtvaardigen vermag veel."                         Zet er gerust een uitroepsteeken achter.. Het was een
  Wjel,..geliefde  lezer, hier hebt ge een voorbeeld van een                   schreeuwen tot (God.
krachtig gebed des rechtvaardigen Konings.                                           Zwijg niet, Heere; houd U niet als doof; en w.ees
              Voor@ lezen we; dat na het gebed van `den koning                 niet stil, o Go,d!
 *de ,Geest  des Heeren kwam op Jahazil,  den nazaat van                      .     We zouden haast ,denken, (dat Asaf  hier Mtajesteits-
  Asaf.           En door `dien' Geest profeteerde hij. en zeide:              schennis pleegt. .Mag men zoo tot God spreken? ,Ja,
  Weest maar niet bang, volk Gods,  `mnt deze strijd is                        dat mag. Al wat Asaf  met dien woorden `zeggen wil is,
 niiet Uwe maar ,Gods  !          Hij zegt zelfs, dat zij niet eens            dat het er benauwd bijstaat. Och, hij weet wel, dat
  behoefden te strijden. De Heere zou voor hen uit-                            ,,God nooit zwijgt, (dat Hij nimmer (doof  is, dat Hij _
  trekken en ,door de almachtige kracht van Zijn voor-                         Zich. nooit stil houdt.     God is de steeds wmerkend!e,  Hij
  zienigheid #den vijand vermorzelen.                                          slaapt of sluimert nimmer en Zijn oor is altijd open tot
   , En zulks geschiedde.                                                      Zijn .voIk.     Denkt er aan, dat dit gebed in,gegeven  is
              We merken op, ,dat Josafat Juda opriep lom met hem               .door ldenzelfden  God die ,hier aangeroepen wordt.
  ten strijlde te trekken. Ze maakten zich op en kwamen                             Diaar komt dit bij, dat Asaf  zoo Bpreekt, omdat het
  in de woestijn van Tekoa. `.                    I.                           sckeen alsof ,de Heene Zich afzijdig hield. Hij had
              Doch wat leen wondere methode gebruikt Josafat `om               het toch gezilen en_gehoord, hoe al deze ,booswichten  te
  te strij,den.  te,gen den woesten-vijand. Stelt U voor:                      zamen geschoo1.d  waren om de erve ,des Heere te be:
  hij stelde den Heere zangers .die voor' de toegerusten                       nauwen?        Waarom stuurde de Heere die machten. naar
 hzouden uitloopen, Iden vijand tegemoet, om de heilige                        het arme volk van (God?        Waarom.hi,eld God Zich zoo
. Majesteit te prijzen! .Wie voert oorlog op die wijze?                        lang stille? Wat Idoel had Hij ,er mee?            ,
 Wat mag. men verwachten van soldaten die psalmen                                    Och, er zijn veel redenen,                        '
                                                                                                                          .-\ I . . _L --- -..L.-..+

                                                                          \
                                             I


                                              Tm3 STAN-DARD.  k,@~kjR.                                                              323
                                                                          ..~_                                                 ._. _._


           Ik ,denk,  `dat de hoofdr,eden  altijd is, om Zijn volk        Dat heeft Asaf goed gezien.. Eerst zegt hij  : zij zijn
       luide toe te roepen; Ik ben er?        Denkt ge daar wel om,       Uw vijlanden  en haters. En ,om  het bewijzen zegt
       Mijn volk? Ik ben Uw God! Bebt  ge Mij vergeten?                   hij voorts: zij .maken  listiglijk een heimelijken aan-
       Ik stuur den vijand naar U toe ,om U er aan te  herin-             slag tegen Uw!,  vlo&!       Zij beraadslagen tegen, Uw6
      neren, Mijn volk, dlat er een *God  in den hemel is, Uw             verborgenenP  "Hieruit zien we, dat die vijanden het
       Herder `en Vader, Uw Verl,osser  en Beschermer! ik eigenlijk gezet hebben tegen $God.                                    0
       stuur tdie,>dingen  naar U toe, opdat ge Mij weer moogt                    Wat een mooie naam' heeft Gods volk : verborgenen!
       zoeken.                                                            PaulL~i~  zu daar later van getuigen, toen hij zeide:
           Want ,zie,  (zgt Asaf) Uwe vijanden maken getier,             Ons leven is met Christ-us verborgen  in. God ! David
       en Uwe haters steken hethoofd  op?                                 had al .eerder gezegd, dat God Zijn volk verbergt in
                                                                          het verborgene <van Zijn tent:  En ,Gods  vol,k  heeft
           Alsof Go,d het niet wist! Hij had al die haters
                                                                          uitgevonden de waarhei'd  van Gods  gezegde: Hij liet
       van Zijn Sam  opgeroepen.              Het was God's hand
                                                                          niemand toSe hen' te onderdrukken!         Door alle eeuwen
       die ze t,ot ,Juda en Jeruzalem zond. Doch .d:e arme
                                                                          heen heeft men getoornd ,en geraasd, gevochten en
       ,stakkerds  wisten het zelf niet. (God  wilde ze naar
                                                                          gemoord tegen Gdds volk, doch er is nooit een  v1a.n
       Jeruzalem brengen en zijzelf -wilden  dat ook, .,doch hoe
                                                                          hen werkelijk beschadigd. Datgene wat Gods  volk
       vreeselijk is het verschil tusschen dat willen Gods en
                                                                          Zijn volk doet zijn, namelijk, de nieuwe. mensch in
       het willen van -,de kinderen Lots : Ammon, Moab en -de             Christus Jezus,, is nooit geschaad geweest door 
     ' lbondgenooten.    Het is er mee, als met la.1 de verschrik:                                                                   vuur
                                                                          en zwaard.        Integendeel, als dat volk uit de smelt-
       kelijke .dingen  ;die  er gebeuren.     Hitler wilmde  de heele
                                                                          kroes *der ellende komt, zegt het 
       wereld in .het vuur jagen.     En God wil het ook. Doch                                                   : `t Is goed voor mij
                                                                          verdrukt te zijn geweest.         Wonderlijk! Dat `komt
       God wilde het eerst.     Van leeuwigheid  had `God gezegd :        omdat hun ,leven  het leven der verberging is. Het `is
       In 1939 gaan [de masa's der Dmtschers  op den marsch !             het verbondsleven van God zelf en kan niet geschaad.
       En Hitler zal Mijn knecht zijn! Doch Hitler wilde
                                                                          Wat zou toch een Romeinsche krijgsknecht hebben
       het ook toen de ure daar  ,was.  Maar Hitler wilde
                                                                          kunnen` *doen met zijn zwaard tegen het verheerlijkt
       het met een goddelooze, vui1.e  wil. En God wilde het
                                                                          lichaam  van -Jezus?      Evenmin  kan men het leven Gods
       met 8en heilige wil.        God willde  een voorwee  van
                                                                          schaden, dat in het diepste hart van  Gods volk woont.
'      Jezus' komst brengen op aarde. God wilde den godde-
                                                                          We hooren  veel spreken van "vrijheid va.n Godsdienst",
       loozen een voorproef' geven van wat het zeggen wil
                                                                          alsof het ons ooit ontnomen kan worden.             Vrijheid
       om eeuwig gepijnigd te ,worden  in een zee van.  vuur.
                                                                          van Go,dsdienst  is er zelfs temidden van het vuur des
       God wilde ook Zijn volk kastijden. Want de kerk valt af.
                                                                          .brandstapels.  Uwe vaderen hebben het bewezen..
       En nu gebruikt Hij menschen, vuile, leelijke menschen.
                                                                                  Doch de vijand raast,, sl is het ook, dat die in den
      die niet terugschrikken van te verslinden en te ver-
                                                                          hemel zit, la.cht.  W,eer : vreeselijk!
       nielen.                                                                                                          _
                                                                                  Hier raasde d'e vijand ook. En zijn razen is
          .Het  zijn baters  ,Gods  die hier bij Asaf  getier  ge-        moondelust.  Want hij zeide:  Komt laat ons hen uit-
       maakt hebben. Hij ,zegt  het tegen God in `dit gebed.'             roeien, ,dat zij geen vo1.k meer zijn, dat aan den naam
       Hij noemt het bondgenootschap vijand en hater Gods.                Isra.els niet meer gedacht worde!      Ziet ge. wel, dat het,
           Nu is het onmogelijk`voor alle haters  Gods om God             ter laatster  instantie, tde vijand er om te doen om
     Zelf aan te randen. Dat kunnen zij natuurlijk niet.                  God te vermoor.den?       Want ik Graag U : Wie had Israel
       God' is een ,Geest.  Hij is hoog verheven tegen alles              geplant? E,n Wie  wordt ,door  Zijn volk op aarde ver-
       wat schep;:.el  is.    Het is onzin in den absoluten zin           tegenwoordigd? En het antwoord op beide vragen is:
       van het w'oord  om ook maar te denken; <dat  God werke-            Go'd!      Men wist wel, dat Issael  hen an God herinnerde.
       lijk aangeranld  kan ,worden.  Dat gaat zelf zoo ver?              Welnu : de gedachtenis van God en Zijn naam, `en dasr-
       dat Elihu zegt: Indien gij zondigt, wat doet gij Hem?              om Zijn volk, moet van den aa.rdbodem  verdelgd.
     . God kan niet aangerand.       Onmqgelijk.                                  Ziet gij niet, dat .!de zaak .zoo  staat? Leest het
           En toch zou de mensch <dat gaarne killen.          En hij      volgende vers.      Daar legt Asaf  het hart van de godde-
     bewijst het in' al zijn doen. De zonde is  .eigenlijk                loozen bloot. Ik zie (dreirlei.  Eerst, hun goddeloos
       Theocide, ,dooding  van ,God.  Dat ;doet de mensch in              streven komt voort uit een verkeerd hart.          Dat staat
       zijn hart en verstand.      Alle zijne gedachten zijn ,dat            .     Zj hebben in het hart tezamen beraadslaagd.
       er geen God is. En als God in de gestalte van een                  Fweedens  de goddeloozen genieten(  ?) eenheid als het
     larm, zwak mensch voor hem gaat staan, dan neemt                     tegen God gaat.         Dan worden Pilatus en Hero.des
       #de  mensch Hem sbeet  en nagelt Hem aan het kruis.                vrienden. Hetzelfde woord (verbond) wordt gebruikt
       Dat is de' beteekenis,  van Golgotha uit dit oogpunt.              hier, als wanneer sprake is van SGods  ver.bond  ,der
       Vreeselijk !                                                       genade.       Ze zijn het roerend eens in de hel als `het
          Voorts bewijst (de mensch der zonde, dat hij God                tegen God en Zijn: volk gaat.      Derdens,`wordt hier be-
       haat ten Zijn vijand is, door'  Zijn volk t,e benauwen,            wezen, dat men Goids  volk haat, omdat men God haat.


  .324                                       T H E  +ANDAR-D   B E A R E R

  Asaf zegt hier, ,dat het verbond der goddeloozen  tegen
  bod (U) gesmeed is.                                                    The Radio and The Chris@ Home
      En nu volgt een opsomming van  de namen der god-
  vergetenen. Er wonden tien volken genoemd, die Ts-                         Today, no ,doubt,  there is hardly a Christ5a.n  home

  ra+ omringden van rondom. Het was werkelijk be-                        that  i;s. not furnished with a radio.  Many  of the
  nauwd.                                                                 modern inve,ntio_ns  of our age have beco.he  practically
      En wat een combinatie!         Ik zie de half,broeder  van         a necessity rather  th1a.n a luxury. And why  should
  Iz?k: Ismael. Ik hoor het, vloeken van Ezau: Edom.                     not the Christan too make use of these  inventions?
  Ik bemerk het vuile leven van twee vreeselijke  broe;                  Is it not his calling  to use the thngs of this world
  ders: Ammon en l&ab, de zonen van Lot, die door                        to .the prais  and honor  of hia God? It surely is.
  .blaedschan4d.e  in het leven werden geroepen.            Waardige         However,  as ;with  everything the Christian  does,

  zonen van waardige moeders.               Me?kt  het toch op,          so, too, the use of the radio  may  be a means  whereby
,dat  die bastaarden (nauw verwant aan het bondsvolk)                    the Christian, who  has yet hut a smal1 beginning of
  !de vuile wereld in den arm namen: Filistijnen, Tyrus                  the new life of ,Christ within hm, involves himself
  en .wat dies meer  Ide wereld kan bijbrengen.                          in sin against  the Lor,d his God. Cons&quently,  hP
      Een van Gods  kinderen, die al%a.ng in den hemel                   must know how to use the radio in such way that,

  is, heeft ,over  dezen psalm geschreven en_ik  heb zijn                wjth it fulfills the calling  whereby he has been  called.

  getuigenis onder ,de  kommentaren in mijn boekenkast.                  namely, to the glory  of ,God:               -~
  Hij zegt iets over de ,opsomming  van namen hier, het-                     Speaking of the radio and th.e SChristian  home, wr3
  welk ik even door Wil geven.        Er zit iets lieflijks in eg        are iimediately  aware of the fa& that the Christia?

  ook iets vreeselijks. Hij verhaalt  van een zeer eex-                  home of `which  we speak exists in the modern  era.

  .voudige  vr.ouw  `die de gewoonte had om, als zij ge-                 Soms thirty or thirtjr-fve'years  ago the radi8 was not
  pl-agd,  vervolgd jen getreiterd werd, te zeggen: Ik                   to be, found in UXJ hpme,  except  for a few rare excep-

  ga nu naar huis en ik zal het tegen God zeggen wat                     tions.    In the home of that day, one's.  means  of home-
  gij mij anngedaan hebt! Ja, dat is lieflijk. Doet mij                  entertainment were very  limited. Perhaps  the most

  denken aa.n het woord van Jezus.: Ge moet warden                       popular  instrument by `whlch one might  be entertained

  gelijk een kin#deken  !                                                was t,he tiell-known  phdnograph.          The piano and other
      Maar er zit ook iets vreeselijks  in, als Asaf die                 musical instruments of course also  had their place.

  namen opnoemt. n die vrouw zich neerbuigt vooy                           i Sir&  that time, things have va,dically  changed  !
  God om haar vjanden den H:eere te geven.            Vreeselijls       The 6ld-time  phonograph is considered a quite useless

  om aangeklaagd te worden bij  nsme:  Va,der ! die e:n                  instrument in the home, and in its place  has come
  die en die hebben mij  zoo  vreeseljk benauwd! Zoel;                  the up-to-date radio. And that radio has aLso  mads

  het, Heere !                                                           its way into the Christian  home!
     Zal Hij Zijne uitverkorenen recht doen, di$e  dag en                    Much  need, of course, not be sad in respect to

  nacht tot Hem ro.epen ?'     Ik zeg U, Hij zal hen haaste-             what a Christian  home ijs,.        It is understood,  that the
  lijk recht doen.                                     _                 term rcfers  to the fia,mily  life of covenant  parents
      Als ge plagen ,en treiteren wilt, zou ik U willen                  with t.heir  covenant  children.     In that home the paren&
  waa,rschuwen:  Blijft af van IGods  volk.        Die Zijn volk         walk  as examples before  their children whilch the

  aanraakt, raal&  Zijn oogappel aan!                                    `Lord.has  entrusted to their care.  There the chilmdren

                                                            G .   V .    are instructed in the .princi$ples  of the fear of God.
                                                                         There the chldren,  in turn, respect and  obey  the

                                                                         auth.ority  of th&r parents.          -
                                       -                                     Go.d.  is honored  land revered  in that home.        ,Christ
                                                                         is )e head ,of that house.

                                                                             Now into that Christian home al1 manner of song2

                         IN MEMORIAM                                     and  music  .and  speech `can  .be poured by means  of the

                                                                         radio.

     The Consistory of the Hudsonville Protestant Reformed                   Programs of every  imaginable type are available.
  Church  hereby expresses its  sincere  sympathy to their fellow         There are religious programs. `.-Here  one meets
  officebearer, Mr. D. Dykstra, in the loss  of his father,              a'variety of religions on the one hand.            On the ether,

                                                                         generally speaking, one meets  chiefly but one religion,
                        MR. 0. DYKSTRA
                                                                         and that the kind in which  the free-wil1 of man stands

     We pray  that our  heavenly father may  comfort the bereaved        upon.  the foreground, pn.d  the sovereignty of ,God is
  widow  and son with His  grace.                                        placed  completely to the background, if not ,entrely

                                     Rev. Bernard Kok, Pres.             omitted.
                                     Mr.. ir, Miedema, Clerk.              Programs of the educatisnal  -and informative type
                         0


inay also be selected, altho;gh it must be admitted                become  very lax in its watchfulness in respect to what
 that this kind of .progpalms  usually are not to  tbe obtain-.    enters t,he  home "over the air."

 ed in abundance. An. exception to this is, of course,                There is, for instance, the ftimily,  the "Christian"
 the many newscasts which are  frequent  in this present           family, which has thi radio turned on from the early
                           \
 time ?f war.                                              .
                                                 I                 morning to l&e  a,t night.          [And,  strangely en.ough,
      Over the radio 9n.e can also listen to drarna`tics.          the father and' moth.er  of that family know how .to
 Closely connected with this kind of program is the well-          find all kinds  of weighty ( ?) reasons why they should
 known "sexial story".     Much can be said in connection          have their radio going throughout the entire day.        The
 with this type of program.       Most of the serial stories       one m,entions  the fact that it is not quite so quiet;
 heard over the radio today au'e corrupt- tb the core.             and lonesome in the house when the Fa,dio is bein.g
 Let it not escape ,6ur %ttenti.on that in them one of             played. Especially the wife whose h&band  is gone
 the subjects frequently treated is that of marriage:              six `days out of every week to his work, or the one
 ,of mla.r&iage not as it is a symbol of Christ and His            whose husband is in the -armed  forces, makes this
  Church, but as the .bond of matrimony as it often and            c l a i m .

 usually exists in the world of ungodly men and women.                 Another gives as his or .her reason for having
 Silly love stories are generally treated in which  jhalousy       the radio turned on the entire day, that he or she
  and envy pbay  an important, role with the ending                doesn't actually hear.what iS being played~or  said any-
 being climaxed by murder or divorce or unreal "`l.ove".           way, but just likes !S, have it going for some unknown
 Many of, the serials are very. detrimental especially             reason.

 to children since in them children are &described as                  Still another. claims one must continually keep the
  going their own way iand robbing the parent of every             radio going to be sure to receive all the news reports
 bit of authority over his family.                                 from the different theaters of war.

      Finally, mention might be made of the type of                    Whatever one's, excuse may be, however, one*  for-

 - program which is cdnsidered  ,as plain entertainment.           gets many an important danger resulting from such
  In this type the music  and song of the world stands             continual radio  entertainment.. One forgets that it
  on the foreground.     I know there is music, written bjr        gives `very little opportunity for thought and medita-
  genius musicilans,  which is truly wonderful and which           tion and speaking with the children of the family
 the Christian may enjoy listening to and be inspired.`            when and V the radio is continually blasting with
 But, generally speaking, the music and song comiig                its voice.       Db not the .chiPdren of the family,  ,become
  "over the air" is characterized by the vdin hope an.d            used to the songs arid speech of the world, and become
  lon$ing df this .evil  .world  which sees no `way out of         quite enthus,ed  a,bout  such thing? as they become older?
  its present d:eath  and tries jby means of music and             Doesn't that which they daily hear sink into their very
  song to choke the voice of the wrath of God out of its           hear&?         Of course, we know it ,does.
  life.                                                                Does not the housewife, who is perhaps not used
      With this kind of prograti  you have often sand-             to the quietness of her home, make a bad mistake when
  wiched bstween'the  music and song the silly jokes and           she permit& herself to loose her loneliness by means
  suggestive statements made  by men whose glory is in             of the. radio? Well might one suggest to such an one
  their 6hame  and who mind earthly things.           Often the    that she rather engage in singing ,some well-known
 `weather, marriage, crime, and even this  War,  among             Psaltgr  numbers, or some good hymns, or to-herself
  other things, is most foolishly and vainly joked a-              ,or t,o her dhildren  speak of spirit+.1  matters at times
 bout.                                                             when loneliness' overtakes her;          She may even select

      To all these  different types of programs, not only          fitting radio programs, of course. But let her not  .
  the American famil_y,  sb& the population of practically         continually have the radio going.

  the ,entire  world ctin listeli.  . And the `Christian t&o           Therk  is [also the  `Zhristian"  family, which, be-
  is able to hear  these things if he so desires.       For in     sides having the regular family radio, has one or more
  his home ,he has a radio. And his  jadio, as I said              others $besides.  Sometimes especially the ol,der  child-
  before, may be a means whereby he  inyolves  himstilf            ren are permitted to own  su.ch  an extra radio. Then
  in sin. T.hus,_  the radio is la very dangerous instrn-          t.hey indipidually tune in to programs which father  o
  ment to the Christian, if he is not carefully on his             :and mother do not care about, or  ,even  perhaps do not
  guard at all times.                                              exactly approve of.         This, too, is a great evil  in the

      We' are happy t,o aadmit  there are many ,Christiai          Christian l&me.  A program which is worth hearing
  fainilies where the parents are very careful in sel,elcting      at all, should certainly be heard  .by the entire family,
  the kind of programs they or their children listen to,           and should also surely stand the approval of father
  since they have sensed the dangers involved.             But,    and mother.
 alas, there is tallso  many a Christian family which has              We finally come to the question, what, then is, the
                                                                             Q
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       326                                      THE'SS,ANDA~RD                    B     E    A    R    E     R     -
                                                                                                                                 .
       calling of the Christian in respect to the radio and                                            Bebate
       his home?

              The answer is certainly not that he may not have

       a radio.     Of course our Christian homes may be furn-            .RE,SOLVED-th&  the Urdarground  Mbovement

       ished with a radio ! But then we must see our positive            ., in O.iecupied  Countries is RevoWionury;
       calliug  and duty in respect to that particular instru-
                                                                       A.FFIRsMATIVE  REBUTTAL :-
       ment. For sin is not in the radio. The radio is in

       itself a goo.d  gift of ,God, invented with. the talents          _ Allow me to state that it is a pleasure for me to
       God has supplied, and is run by the energies  and  frees        debate this su.bject  with so worthy an opponent as the
       God Himself .has  placed in the universe. But sin -is           Rev. H. Hoeksema. I appreciate the fact that he has
       in the *heart!     It is in the old nature of the new-born      a marked ability to clearly state the issue in question,
       Christian.                                                      which is particularly advantageous in this case where
          -The  Christian; and especially the Christian parent;        the whole argument is so ,definitely  on the side of
       with his radio, must live the antit8htesis!       The .prin-    the affirmative. I also appreciate that he expresses
       ciple of the fear and love of Go.d must control his             agreement with my ltiontention  that we must be sub-
       hand when he selects programs on the radio. And                 ject to those in aut,hority,  regardless of how they come
      to the programs which can stand the approval of the              into power, and also that any indiviidual  attempt to
       Lord God, the Christian must'  say- yes,  while at that         overthrow the government, or any personal act of re-
,      very moment he shouts no to the corruptions of the              bellion against the higher powers must be condemned
       wodd. Over his redio  will be heard programs  which             as revolutionary.          The issue has been simmered down
       are proper for the Christian to hear, through which             considerably by the fact that. we can agree on that
       he .can be sure he can glorify his. God.                        sfcore.
         In this all the father, as head of the family, espec-             There remains but one point of difference. The
      -ially must exercise control, but also the mother must           negative produces the argument that the government
       do so. Doing this the parents will ,be examples to              pf Holland still exists and has t,he power to issue coni-
       their children, and when the children come to years             mands to its subjects.,              Therefore the negative con-
       of discretion, they, too, as motivated by the principle         eludes  that the organized underground movement, as s
       of the lovIe  of God, through grace will also select            far ais it is organized under the direction of its legal _
       proper progr$ns ,over  the radio.                               government, is not revolutionary.'
              But with this all has not been said.    The Christian     `Of course, the referenoe  to Holland in distinction
       family must also see to it that at the other end, namely,       from other occupied countries, might be considered
       at the broadcasting stations, programs of good quality,         an appeal to public sentiment, since -Holland carries
       and especially good religious programs, are supported.          a warm spot in the hearts of all of-us.             In that ease
       No, I .do not mean we should endeavor to have a                 theargument would lose much of its weight. But in
       Christian Broafdcasting  System. This is not only               as far as this reference to Holland can serve to clarify_
       impossible,;but  it is not our calling either.  .-But, this     the point at issue I have no objlection..
       is our calling, -we must support the Programs which                 The Rev. Hoeksema states his position in six con-
       are of value for the Christian.          And in connection      tentions, which we can follow step by step.               .
       with this especially our o.wn  broadcasts should enjoy _            1. He states that "the ,government  of Holland was
     our full support. The Christian must contribute lisberal          not destroyed, or did it abdicate  . . . . but it still
       financial gifts to this kind of programs, to be sure. A exists."                Thus he concludes that Ihis "is the only
       But, let the .Christian  parent himself too listen with         rightful authority to whom the Dutch subjects owe
       interest and zeal to these our programs especially, and         .allegiance  and subjection as -far as possible." -.
       see to it his 4hildren  listen also..                            _ Evidently he i,gnores'  my former contention that,
         Let it be the motto not only, but also the desire             "even though la former government surrenders under
       of the Christian to walk in accordenee  with the `de-           protest, declares itself in exile. and surreptitiously
       termination of a Joshua of  olid, "But as for' me and           orders its former subjects to -acts of sabotage, the
       my ?nouse,  .we  will serve -the  Lord" - also with the         fact remains that this former government has by the
       ra,dio.                                         S. T. C.        very act of aarrender Iost all authority `over, its suh-

                                                                       jects."  , Hse.does  not deny that this is true. He merely
                                                                       states that the government still exists .as the rightful

                                                                       authority to whom the Dutch subjects  owe allegiance
               _               W a n t e d .
                                                                       and subjection as far as possible.

          A .fluent ,Arminian  speaker, preferably a D.D., to              This the affirmative positively idenies.  There is
       deliver the k&note  address at the next .Calvinistic            at present no legalay  existing body that has the right

       conference.                                       8. H.         to be oalled  the government of Holland outside of the
                                  t_. ..I                   0


                                                             -..




  German govern&&t.         The fact cahnot be ignored that             to acts of sabotage by means of the radio  is also
  the house ,of. Orange has;surrendered  to the. Nazi in-               revolutionary.
  vaderis',  and this surrender has #been accepted. The                    3. Therefore; the Dutch subjects have no right to
  queen and her retinae fled -the country, it is true, de-              organize an underground movement, even though it is
- serting  her subjects in the hour of ,dire  need, but Z,              under the directidn  of their ,former  government.         This
  surrender foliowed. The people were not merely sub:                   former government has ceased td exist. It has ,no
  .dued before the onsIaught  of the enemy, but  the,Army               right to give .instructions  to its form& subjects, nor
  and .Navy both officially capitulated to the- invading                have these subjects the right to receive them; especially
  forces through the remaining representatives of the                   not when  these instructions design to destroy the
  form& government. They felt that all further re-                      existin,g  government and .bring the former  government
  sititance was, futile, so they  surrendered to avoi#d un-             back into power. Why should  an~organized  movement
                                                                        under a revolutionary party be less revolutio`nary than
- necessary bloods&d. And the invading  powers took
  over the seat of government and the control of the                    individ&l acts of rebellion la.nd sabotage?         The people
  nation. If this surrender means anything at all, it                   of Netherlands may recognize but one authority, and
  certainly means that the former government of Hol-                    that -is the Nazi government.          To them they must sub-
  land has oeased  to exist.    The very act of surrender has           mit for Go,d's  sake, whether t,hey  like it or not.     If any
  made "a government in esile"  a nonentity.                            individual attempts of slabotage  ark wrong, as the
                                                                        negative readily agrees, then also all organized move-
         2. For that `reason  the second a,rgument  of the              ments under non-existing government must also be
  nggative  also falls -away. A government that does
                                                                        mrrong.
  not exist is.not  "in a position to function to a ,C,ertail
                                                                           4. lAnd  if it is a matter  of conscience, and ,not of
  extent." Does this mean that it is the responsibility
                                                                        sentiment, then there oa.n be no que.stioti`b$  that the
  of the Germain  government to feed and `clothe  the                   entire  underground movement, even as organized and
  hungry and destitute, while the House of Orange aooks
                                                                        idirected  by the. for`mer  Dutch government, must be
  on?     Are .there  supposed to be two existing authorities
                                                                        strongly condemned as revolutionaiy.             There can be
  in Netherlands, the one in control and the other acting
                                                                        no doubt but  &hat  many of the people of H&land  would
  out of exile? How isthis possible, the more so because
                                                                        gladly reckive instructions from the  house of Orange,
 these  two powers are dir&tly  opposing each other, the                aid thein in smuggling tarms  into the country, do
  one having capitulated, and &he other having assumed                  every,thing  they can to oppose the existing  gqvern-
  `the power? In how far would the Dutch subjects be                    ment, and thus await the moment when they  ,can meet
  obli.gated  to submit to the' controlling ,power,  and in             an'd help the invading forces, in onder  to hail the house
  how  far would they have to oppose this controlling                   of Orange aback  into their own country.           B.ut the fact
  power (by submit\ing to thie government in exile, that                remains, thlat they must jbe subject,~  not $0 the powers
  has actually-,been  overthrown.         Such a situ.ation`  is not    that were, but to the existing powers, "the powers
  only inconceivable, but even impossible.                              that be".     My .oppon&t  agrees that, "it makes no )dif-
         The former Dutch government lost a.11 her authcrity            ference  in -what way those that are in authority come
  when she surrenldered-to  the invading fopces.  Though                into power, whether <by  election, by hereditary succes-
  it be true, that the house of  ,Orange  is able to contact            sion, or'by usurpation; IalWays,  we must be in `subjec-
  the .people  ,of  Netherlands by means of the radio, it               tion."     But then it must also be agreed, that  the,Nazi
  has forfeited all right to issue commands and to direct               power is the rightful authority in Netherlands. This
  the people `bs to what  they ought to do- in their                    is the higher power which the people are now con-
  petiulisl'r circumstances with a view to the ultimate de-             science ,boilnd  to obey, come what may !
  struction of the usurper, and their own liberation in                    5. Nor ,does the appeal to the example of  Ab.salom's
  the end." This is nothing less than a surreptitious                   rebellion against David' hold in the case before us.
  act of rebellion on the  part of the house of Orange                  David fled'from Jerusalem, but 6e took his army with
  against the powers that be.           Tfie  house of Orange, as       him, AND HE DID NOT SURRENDER. He did not
  .well  as the people in Holland, is obligated to abide by             capitulate to Absalom, abut Father withdrew his forces

 `the terms of their  syrrender.         Even though the &een           to prepare for battle. It is evident from  the'whnle
  and her retinue fled to_En&aed  Fbefore  the aurrendzer,              account in Scripttire  that David had no intention

; she has no more right to issue `orders to the people of               whatever to surrender to Absalom; but gathered his
  Holland than the king of England himself. She may                     forces so `that he might miaintain  his throne over-
  not ignore -the existing. government which she r.ecog-                against his son.         David was still the king of Israel, and
  nized when they surrendered. She mfay tiot  ignore                    Abtialom  well knew, even after he took occupation of

  that go+rnment  any more thtin the people who were                    Jerusalem, that he woulld  still  have to fight in order

  forced td stay'in the country and face the cohsequencca               to ta,ke  the kingdom. frqm  his father. Therefor'e

  under `German (domination. To influence her people                    Absalom  sought counsel, of Ahithophel and could be



                                -. I                                                        .


 iris                                    THE STAN'DARD_   B E A R E R

 misl'ed  by the counsel of Eushai.  And it was exactly                  The importance of this for our subject will be
 in the battle that ensued that Absalom was killed and            evident as we copsiider  the further relation to our next
the rebellion quelled.                                            step,
The point at &ue  1s &actly that David "was sti!l                        The "Unconscious" i.s not so mu& a theological as
 in authority, and could  rally his fdrces  to quell  the         a psycihologi,cal  conception.         It is especially in the last
 rebellion, destroy the `usurper, and be restored to the          century that the field of _ the unconscious has been
 throne."       But this is not.the  case in Holland. We do       ardently studied.            We may perhaps  distinguish three
,better  to compare Holland, to Israel in Babylon, and            different angles from which to approach this field,
thus go back to the example of Nebuchadnezzar.                    namely, from tIie inspired data of the Scriptures; by
         6. Therefol;e  our conclusion must abe  that not only    ir$rospection  anld  <by  experimentation making use es-
the individual acts. ,of rebellion anid sabotage must be          pecially of the highly ,developsd  laboaatory apparatus
 condemned, >but  also the underground movement as it             of our day. At least this last, we immediately see,
 is organized under a revolutionary party,  net, in con-          at once opens the field anew.                But it is. also ,especially
trol, must be branded !as revolutionary.                          in this last approach that great care must be taken
                                                    C. H.         to keep fully in view that which Scriptur$  has infal-

                                                                  ,libly  told       about the essense of man, his soul and its
                                                                                   us 
                                                                  spirituality. For it is preckely  the doctrine of the

                                                                  s9ul as a distinct essense that gives  .meaning  to the

                                                                  wiord     "unconsciousness" in _ Sdistinction  from such
                                                                  theories as iidentify  the soul with its actions, for

                                                                  example as the school of Wm. James which speaks of
 The Unconscious in the Ordo Salutis mind as a stream of thought, or of consciousness.
                                                                  Rather we c:a.n  undoubtedly speak ,distinctively  of the

         By the "Ordo  Salutis" is unlderstood  the series o$     s,oul's  reactions, her faculties, the soul` as such, and

acts or steps whereby the salvation which Christ has              her substance.
merited for.  His elect people is applied to them by th?                 H.ence  though in the rather strict sense of the

 H,oly' Spirit of the exalted Christ. From this work              word we would mean by t&e "unconscious" that which
the activity of the sinner himself is not indeed always           is closely related to the conscious, that which lies just

 oonsciously  excluded,`  So, for example, Dr. Gerk. Vos          beneath the threshold in dormancy, y&t for our subjmect

in his (definition uses .the expression "subjectief toegei-       `we -0a.n alscY mean all t,hat  which pertains  to the soul

gend wordt", and Dr. Bla.vinck says "Christ atid His              beneath that  threshold of cons@usness.  .
 benefits are first actually applied and ,dist%ibuted  in                Thus the question of the Unconscious in the &do

the internal calling, and from man's side passively               Salutis &onfnonts  us with several important prob-
accepted in regeneration ,(en passief van s' menschen             l e m s .

 zijde aanvaard) ."       Dog-m.  Vol. IV, p. !OO.  Similarly            The salvation in the phase of which. we are speak-

 Dr. Bavinck says that the calling, the preaching of              ing is the life of Christ-His life of (active)  right-

 the Gospel  preceeds  all the other benefits, for 1a.s 1         leousnessl  ,holiriess,  love, covenant-fellowship.           How, can
-rule the Holy Spirit binds Himself to the W,ord (Vol.            these thmgs  be la matter of uncofisdiousness  ?

 III, 602, IV, 13-14),  and this is also reflected in the                He may of course maintain that the conscious

fact that he proposes the order  : calling (with regener-         cooperation- of man in his salvation ,does not at all
 ation in the narrow sense, faith and .conversion)  ; justi-      impugn the Divine initiative for Scripture plainly
 fication; etc.                                                   teach tha.t,  for example God  `converts and sknctifies

         If now we would receive the irripression  from           mah,  while he at the same time converts. and sancti-

 these etipressions  that these theologians `were unsound         fies himself.           [Or again, faith is a gift of God but man

 or Ia bit Pelagian id their -views  our impression is            does the believing. Work out, your salvat,ion.  . . .
 soon corrected by a reading of their expositions, `and           for it is ,God that worketh in you both to will and to

 it must only be regarded  as a proof of some of the              I 
                                                                  d0.      Thus we can readily and may freely speak  of
 difficulties that lie in t-.his field &pecially  with respect    a coriscious  participation `of the saved man in these

 to the first steps, ' namely; regeneration and faith.            steps of the Ordo Salutis.                    *.
 And especially in connectibn  with the question  of re-                 But tlhis sur.ely  becomes impossible when we come

 generation Dr. .A. Kuyper states: It is to be lamented           to the step of regeneration. The very term used by

 that so many theologiangs neglected to make the (three-          the sacred writers, though somewhat figurative, is

 fold)' distinction in the case of regeneration, and still        exactly effective in emphasizing the fact that man
 more lamentable that our Forms of Unity make so                  is wholly passive, that he was dead hut is made alive,
 little distinct mention which of the three they mean             that his inmost he%rt  is y changed. And though it
 .(Dict. Dogm., De Salute, p. 71).                                might still be maintained that_ this death is not  a



                                                                                                         .'


                                                  T H E  ,STANDAiD  BEARER  -.                                                         329


           `physical but a spiritual death, and hence all activity           eous,  judgment of God by adducing the works that

-          is not Jacking yet even, then the term str,esses  the utte!:      shall serve as the `basis  of the ju,dgment  that is to be
           inability of the object to cooperate `in any way.          -'     revealed.' _.
              But this question is brought to a sharper statement                It is remarkable tha.t also this consideration weigh-        .
           when we consider it in the case of an infant. This                ed very heavily with Dr. Greydanus (and is approved

           problem has undoubtedly not always been trs3;ted  as              by Dr. Schilder) when he chose for and (defended the

           objectively as many other points of doctrine, but leav-           reali&ic  participation of. men in Adam's transgrea-

           ing aside the questions ,of  universal infant salvation,          sion.

     - the salvation of la.11 ,covenant  infants; and baptism upon               Now w,e may not, in the light of m:s.ny  federalistic

          j the presumption of regeneration, we may hold tha-c               passages in Scripture, consider the realistic  interprc.
           infants can Ibe saved.                                            tation  of the one passage, Rom. 5 :12 as very con-

              However, when it is maintained .further  that they             `vincing,  but aside from this it is undoubtedly true that.

           are saved by fia,ith,  since that is the rule of  t,he Gospei,    the relation between personal works and punishment

           we again must ask, is this a conscious faith or an                or reward is not always sufficiently considered. I

           unconscious faith? And if !&he latter what ,does  this            believe this can be Faid without in any way slighting

          mean? What is an unconscious faith? Is it believing?               the distinctive doctrines of pure. grace, immediae im-

           Does it perf,orm  any of the things. that faith as taught         putation, irresistible (not only inseparable) grace.

           in Scripture does.     Does it give the testimony of justifi-         In the light of these facts. we may well reflect
          cation at the bar of the conscience?         Does it sanctify      upon the .question  whether the salva.tion  of infants,

           by appropriating the fellowship and the spiritual                 and. even regeneration, is unconscious or whether God

           virtues of Christ?     Is there a faith that is only poten-       indeed by a secret operation of His unwritten Word

           tially faith?    It seemsto me that what is often called          internally reveals Himself in His .divine virtues and

           the habitus  of faith is exactly what  it expresses, name-        in His gifts of salvation (which by us are received by  :
           ly,-the  habi.t  of faith, which remains also in  ,our sleep      conscious knowledge and faith) to those who a.re  the

           and in our "fait,hless"  moments, but is- much more of            relcipients  of His life of 1ov.e and fellowship.

           active faith than a potentiality is.  Anld 6n the other              But here we will surely love to exclaim as we re-

           hand the examples or analogies often borrowed from                flect upon this hidden and unknown realm "0 the depth

     nature are easily misl.eading.  We might say-the poten-                 of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge  of

           ti;a.lity  of an oak lies already in the acorn, but we            God.! How nnsearchable  &re  His judgments. and His

           know' that the rudiments are already these in the                 ways pa.st  finding out.

           physical seed and that which finally becomes the oak is                                                         - A. P.
           formed by the- immanent power and providence- of

           God through the years of growth.               .

              Even when we would speak of  .faiM asI a function

           given with the creation of man, as is done by Dr. A.

           K&per  (Encycl. II, 71-78) and Dooyeweerd (Wijsb.

           mder  Wetsildee,  II, 227 ff) we still only regard it as a                              Contributiofi
           neutral something which must still ,be given a posi-

           tive soteriological tendency, but is not at all  ais such
                                                                                                                  Holland, Michigan
           the receiving organ adapted to appropriate the  gift?;
                                                                                                                  March 23, 1945
           of salvation.
                                                                             Dear Emditor
              Finally, to apply the Scriptural principle, "fiaith  is                         :
           counted for righteousness" is not at all appropriate                  May I have a bit of space to reply to Mr. Gritter's
           here, for it is exactly the conscious living faith that           article which appeared in the Standard Bearer of, Feb-
           clings_,to  Christ that receives testimony of God's good          raary  1, in resp.ect to collective bargaining of the
           pleasure. .                                                       C.L.A.? .I must admit that I cannot follow his reason-
              B,efore  I end this article I w,ould  la.lso  mention an       ing or logic at all.     Irrespective of what procedure is
     0
           ethical aspect that comes into consideration when we              followed in setting wages, the fact yet (and always
           speak of the unconscious in our salvation. The Scrip-             will remain) that a-11 men are not equal in performing
           tures teach that God shall render to every man accord-            a. job.    Mr. Gritter admits this when he writes: "`It is
           ing to 0his, works.     This consideration is. much more          true, of course, that there is a great diff.erence  between
           important than would appear from an isolated passage              men."      This great difference can, and ,does  necessarily,
           for this statement ,of  principle occurs again and again          .affect  the employer. If a man, or men,' I!s..gs in one
           throughout Scripture and&is  stated in very clear de-             department this will necessarily affect another de-                   '
          tail, for example, in Rom.  2:1-16,  where the Apostle             partment. This will prove ,detrimental  to the welfare

           maintains the inexcusableness  of man !and the right-             of thte employer,       Has the employer the right to fire


330                                           T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                 .


this, or these-men, so that his production may continue                themselves as; unbelievers. But .God will never for-.

efficiently? T Does the C.L.A. Ialso weed out such poor                sake His ,own. Do what we will it will not change

labourers (I am now only speaking of a-matter of fact                  matters at all. That which we acquire to- ourselves

for an example) who prove detrimental to the em-                       is in G,o'd's t'a.vor or disfavor-a blessing or a curse,

ployer's cause ?     Do th,ey bar -him from the union, or              Are not all our ways and lives determined-by God from
Idiscipline him when and if .he loafs on th#e..job?                    all eternity? W,ill  not He .supply  us with our daily

    Mr. Gritter ma..y  see the blessing of collective bar-             bread as long' as He has  .determined  that we need it?

&aining,  `but I still fail to see it in the light of Scrip-               No, we must not sit down and just assume that

ture. I c.annot  see why, if and when an  em,ployer  ,de-              God will provide. Nor will any  chil,d  of God ever do

sires to hire and a labourer  seeks labor, that these                  that,.    But his first aim m .a11  things is : God bless us in
two cannot come to ah ra,greement.  This is no mess.                   prosperity and adversity, health and sickness. (See

It has always-been- ,done, and can yet be done ; with                  Art. 13. Belgic Confession). God bless the work of
respect for each other's rights..                     ._               my hansds so that I may have to help the poor and
    Mr. Gritters is positive that &he union is the only                needy, but if Thy will be different, give me grace to

answer to acquiring our `daily bread.           What is he going       glorify Thee.       Save me from greed and cause me to

to ,do  when we will not be'able to-buy or sell unless we              live righteously in all my ways so that Thy name mav

have th.e  mark of the beast? Will he take the mark                    <be glorified in and through me, even in the midst of

also? Is bread the ultimate goal of the Christian's                    the world . Yes, then it may be possible that we  send

life? And  will he ido everything and anything to gain                 up at the Deaconate, but are we then not yet blessed?
that bread?     I think not . And when we pray : "Give us                  `Money, wages, etc. are not necessarily a. blessing.
this day our daily bread", is Ia., brother therefore selfish.          Only that which is received in God's favor. is such.

I think just t.he  ,opposite.      A Christian that in love and        Does a little child fear that his father will not care fo?
trust in his H,eavenly  Father prays this in all sincerity             and protect him? Ask him and quiz him to find what
 is certainly a lover of his. brother. `This oannot be                 his, answer will be.       It will put us to shame for so
otherwise.     To help this brother, through joining the               should we Ialso trust in our loving Heavenly Father.
C.L.A., to get a better wage is far from proving that                  When this is done, then an,d  then only, will peace be

he yet loves the brother.           The onposite  may be (and-         ours even though we may receive a considerable cut `in

_I feel also is) the expression, .of love for the brother.             our home budgets.
That would be to tell him not to join the C.L.A. until                     Now to come to my last .point,  the core and basis
such a time that justice and truth clan truthfully be                  of the whole question.       Let your yea  be yea and your
`maintained, -so that the brother may not become                       nay be .nay!      This is the ;Christilan's  pledge of honor.

guilty of for&g  the employer to Ido things to his                     Hte need not swear Ian oath.         His yea, ,and  nay should

hurt e.,g.  limiting him in his rights which God has                   not be questioned. This is God's Word, and that too

given him.                                                             for a Christian Labor associlaation.  -`Now  when the

    The whole argument centers -about the question                     representative meets the employer, backed by the

as to what right the worker.has  in respect to a.cquiring              union, zbacked  aby the strike clause in the constitution

the amount *of wage that he feels he should receive for                (I call that strike clause the six-shot automatic revolver

a week's work. Scripture says : "As `a man thinketh,                   lo!aded  with solid  lead-22-20-45--calibre,  or what
so he is."     If_ zue third, therefore, that $40. is the              have you) the weapon that may :do  hurt (SF  AND

amount we will bar&in  to get it.            But who has set the       W,HEN,  be careful, mister, WE MEAN BUSINESS)

union to be sole judge in thismatter?               What happened      this weapon &the  THREAT to do hurt, if and when

to the unions during the last depression? Did we                       the union sees-fit. `On what grounds? Scripture?

then not pray: Father, give us this ,day our Idaily                    Confession? Christian principles of love' to your

bread?-  And `did not the Heavenly Father give us tlrat                neighbor and brother? Does this fit with what the

daily bread? Have we lacked anything, so that we                       Heidelberg Catechism teaches la;bout  the 6th command

could not praise Him?            Of course not!.                       ment: Thou shalt not kill? Not nedessarily outright

   IOur responsibility to God comes first at all times.                killing, nor breaking of bones, nor even only  destruc-  L
If and when we meet this responsibility, las sincere                   tion of property.      But nevertheless, killing by destroy-
&dren  of God, then it is impossible to conceive that                  ing his God-given rights: 1. To hire and fire whom
he,,who lives thus, does not love his brother, anid  will              he will, if necessary.     2. To pay the wages he ,desires

also seek his welfare.           I refer, ,of course,_ to childlike    to pay. 3. To operate' or cliose  his factory as condi-
faith in `God, not to the shaky type which is confession               tions demand. 4. To hire competent men and not to
with the mouth only.        The latter, when_ depression o:            hire those whom he ,does not desire for reasons of his
                                                                                                       0
loss  ,of a few ,dollars  seems probable, will feel that               O.W%

starvation is, just around the corner and begin to                         Who has placed. us ,as  judge over him or  his pro-

worry and fret, The result iq t&t such  will acquit                    piMy?  ~GoScJ  IJz~g  n& It-km  80~ iVk$  we then take the         I


                                          T,HE  S T A N D A R D  BEARE3i                                                                          381


      law  into our own hands? May we seek his hurt by                       A. &mmenga who in due time let us know that  he
       word or ,deed?  Is nit this killing. him? Is not this                 Pelt not called u.p%ki  from God to co&e  to Oak I-sa.w,n,
       setting him at naught? Suppose that he is  unright-              and again we sent out a call this time. to Rev. M.
       e&s,  many we therefore be unright,eous?  Force be-                   Gritters, who under. God's guiding felt that he must
                                                                             borne over and help us. And so the Rev. Gritters and
* longs to the government. When was this ch&ged?
      If the employer de'als unrighteously (?) by cutting                    family arrive.d  in oyr midst on %&arch 22 land on Fri-
      wages. -due.  to market values  has a union a right. to                day, March 23. we.came  together in the church to meet
      force him to pay higher `wages to his owh hurt?        Does            Rev. Gritters and family.                _

      not our condemnation of the employer +condemti  oul=                       A short program was given by the congregation
      selves in (doing so? I think so.                                       with some refreshments and B joyful evening was
        Finally, for me to belong td the C.L.lA.  land to, be                spent by `all. On' Sunday morning, March 25, Rev.
      represelited  by anyone, with whom I am torpor-ately                   B. Kok idstalled  R,ev. Gritters as our pastor after
      r&ponsible  (for whatever may happen-peace, strike,                    preaching unto us on Isaiah 21 :ll, 12, and in the
      or-force of any kind, of which I am not assured)  `anii                rafter-noon Rev. Glitters  preached unto us out of Eph..
      then to go borne  and to pnay : Father, give us-this day `3 :8, the last part. The unsearchable `riches of Christ
      our daily bread, is nothing short of blasphemy.                        and pointed out unto us the riches of God's Word.

         ' Again, think it .over  bjrethr~en. Better to receive               Anld so we are again pastor and flock. May God
      $1 per day in grace and favor than $3 per (day  in I!&-                send His blessings upon us  that  together we may grow                                 .
      trust `and fear thlait  we have acquired it unrighteously.             in rthe- grace of our Lord Jesus ,Christ.                    May th?
      Our Father in heaven knows our needs.       He will-  surely           loss of Sioux Center be our gain and where the Lo<d
      supply them !                                -.                        already has sqpplied  Sioux Center  with a new pastor
                                     Your brother .in (Christ,               we wish them God's ,blessing.
                                          H. A. Van Putten.
                          -.                                                     During our va&ncy  we were alwags  supplied with
                                                                             a minister, ;except'two,  Sundays when siudents  Hbwerzyl

                                                                             a.nd Hoeksema preached for us.                     We wish to thank
                                                                             all ~those  who adminiskered  to our needs.

                                                                                                                 The Consistory;,
                 NewsFromOakLawn                                                                                           John Buiter, Clerk.
                                                                                          . ,
         .When  on November of 1944 our minister, Rev. C.                                                                                                      _
      Ha&o, made known unto- us that he felt that  $e must

      accept the &all to. Manhattan, Montana, our hearts

      were saddened and w,e  felt for th6 moment that all

      was against us, for Rev..  Hnako_ha&  labored in our                                       WEDDING ANNIVERSARY
      midst faithfully for almost ten years and in that time                                                                                              0
      `ties had been made that were not-easy to break, not                                                  1895 -  1 9 4 5
                                                                                                     "
,?    alone-that Rev. Hanko and family were well liked in
      the congregation, but his work among us had the                           On April 19th the Lord willing, our  dear parents and grand-

      result that we became as .one  unit, loving each other                 parents,

      in Christ 2nd  seemingly ,that if that tie would be                                          KENRY BUISKOOL
      broken all would be lost and la.11  kinds of, dark clouds                                                  a n d  -
      loomed at the h~orizon.    But the Lord did not leave us          0                 ANNA BULSKOOL nee Dyksterhouse
      and made plain to us that it was His way and we re-
      ceived the testimony from Hiti that He cares for                       hope to celebrate .their 50th Wedding Anniversary. We thei;
                                                                  us
      and so we became reconciled to our state, knowing that                 grateful children are' -indeed thankful to our Heavenly  Fathe:

      neither God nor His World_  would leave `us.       W.e were'           for' sparing them for each other and for us.

      reminded of this fact again when on January 1 Rev.                        We extend to them our sincere congratulations and prtiy

      .Hanko  preached his farewell unto us on the bst texts,                that the Lord will continue *t,o bless and keep them in the years

      `of the Bible.    The grace of our Lord Jesus ,Chrht be                to come.

      with you all. V&y fittingly R'ev.  Hanko pointed out
                                                                                                          Their grateful children,.
      unto us the wealth of this promise and although WC                                                                     , .
      wer,e saddened that this was Rev. Han&o's  last  sermoti                                                    Mr. and Mrs. Peter Zuidema        :'

      as our pastor we .went home assured that our shepherd                                                       4 grandchildren

      Jesus Christ watch& over us. :                                                                              2 great-grandch%jreq
                                                                                                                             _ -.--.-
                                                                             Kalamazoo, Michigan,
         In the meantime O&h Lawg went wt a call to Rev.


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                                              ---733%X,  S T A N D A R D  BEARiR_
      332                                                                                                     .

                           GmQ3x4ti~n                                                               I N   M E M O R I A M
                                                                                               .

                                                                            After a long period of illness, the Lord in His infinite  wis-
       Editor of The Standard Bearer,                         .          dbm took unto Himself our beloved wife and mother,

       Dear Esditor,                                                                      MRS,.  RICHARD QNDERSMA

          Please allow me to thank Mr. G. T. E. for the  fine            at tl% age of 48 years.
     _, compliments paid me in his ,contribution  in the Stan-
       dard Bearer of February 15. I have always taken a                    Although we mourn our loss, we rejoice in the ass;rance

       certa$in  pa%rdonable  `$:ide  in the fact that my articles       that her desire has been fulfilled and that she is now in glory,

       do n@ lack in clarity and also"that I observe the rules           in the -rest that-.remaineth  to the pecrple  of God.

       of ethical journalism. But., a person can easily make                                           `!C'he   f a m i l y ,
     aslip, fa,nd  it is `therefore very gratifying that a man
                                                                                                                     Mr. Richard Ondersma
       of Mr. G. T. E.`s apparent ability publicly compliments
                                                                                                                     Mr. and Mrs. S. Ondersma
      `m:e on the at$ainments  of those objectives.                 '                                                Clara
          The rest of the #brother's contG@&ioa  .is not So
                                                                                                                     Pfc. and Mrs. 0. L. Hollemaps
       clear to me. I d-o not quite understand the purpose

       of it. I ldd.not  know brother Van Putten  personally,

       but I gladly and joyfully accept the wonderful testk

       mony gitien  concerning him.          I halve met many such

       Christians in both the Protestant and Christian Re-.

       for.med  denominations, and all of them are my frienlds.

       Certainly, judged by the standards of the world they

       are peculiar, aad  I With them. We are  one  in our                                              IN MEMORIAM                          ,
       ,dev&ion  to the service of God  !
           That being the case.it  Hs so strange that brother               The Men's Society of the RooseveJt  Park Protestant Re-
       T. E. pl*esents  brother Van, Puttefi as my acZverscLry,          formed Church herewith expresses sincerest sympathy to two
      .an enenlnJ  or antagonist laccording to Webster. Now              of their fellow-members in the  loss of those who were dear
       that is really absurd-I mean of course the pllesenta-             to them. To W.  Koster.in the loss of his son,
       tion, not Mr. T. E.     Surely we who agree on the essen-
       tials ,of the Christian faith and "life' can  disagree on                                                   DICK ' -
      some of the practical aspects without considering ?ne              and' to A. Langerak in the  loss #of  his brother,
       another &v~s&es  or enem;es.  I certai,nly  do not;
       and I am very glajd that of ail the Protestant Reformed                                 PEG.  HARRY LANGERAK

       brethr;en  whom < have met, and sometimes `disagreed                 We trust that they may experience that our Father Who
       with, he is the first ,one  who takes such an extreme             bringeth these things to pass  do&  also grant us grace and

      9 position.                                                        comfort in the dark hour of tribulation.
           `One last remark: We beliebe,  do we nbt?,  that even
       those Christians who have attaiin8d  such heights of                                          Roosevelt Park Men's Society,                .
                                                                                                     - -
       sanctification as brother T. E. ascribes to brother                                                          Rev. M. Schipper,  P&s.

       V. P. are  still sinners.    Our Catechism says that ?eveF                                                   Mr. Geo. Ten Elshof, Sec'y.

       our best works in this life are all .imperfeet  and \defiled

       with sin" (Lord's Day 24). We have sin to contend

.      with until dkath.  Hence it is not  strange that evegO
       the holiest `among us can fall  .into the sins of mis-

       representation, ,or wholesale coademtiation,  or.the  east-

       ing ,6f an evil reflection upon others ,or upon a Chris-

       tian organization. And, if that ,is Idone I #do  not con-
       sider such words or writings as worthy .of being called                     Let  hea.ven  and earth  and sounding sea
       "sharper than B two-edged sword", ,but as expressions                            To -Him glad tribute bring;
      of a fallible Christian, and I shall not  0x1~ not hesitate                  Let -field and wooid  and all there.in
       to raise my pen against such expression&--not against                            Before Jehovah sing ;
       the Christian-but consider it my -Christian duty to                         For, lo, He comes to judge the-earth,
       ,do so.                                                                         :_ Atid all the world lshall see ;
                                                     J. Gritter,                   His everlastirig  faithfulness,.

                                             Secretary C, IL. A?                     0 lj3ia  frutlz  and :equity.


