VOLUME  XVIII=                                         SEPTEMBER 1, 1942                                              _-  NUMBER  21

                                                                     heid te zoeken is binnen de  mured der  Godsstad,  als
                                                                     hare  positie hachelijk wordt te oordeelen naar de  ,din-
               MEDITATIE                                             `gen,  die gezien  worden,  .,als  machtige  vijatiden  haar
                                                                     omsingelen  van  alle zijden, en  als zij,  ,die  zich  ,onder
         -.                                                          hare  -burgeren  tellen, de eenige bron  voor  h.un moed en
                          Juda `s Keuze                              v@rtrouwen en  ,kracht  moeten zoeken in  ,den Heere der
                                                                     heiracharen,  d'en  OnzienlijBe.   -. . .
                   Dan xullen de leidsliiaden  rjan J&a in bun               Dan  tr,ekken velen  zich  terug,  vinden het  veiliger
                 hart xeggen :,De inwoners van Jeruzakm zul-         in Babel., . . .
               _  l&a  mij eene  sNterkte  xijn in den  aeere der            Maar dan is het ook  ,des te schooner, wanneer de
                 heirscharen,  hunnen  God.  Te  dien  dage` sal aeidslieden  v& Juda in hun hart de keuze do&  ~66~
                 ik de  leidslieden van Juda stellen  nils een Jeruzalem, en in hare inwoners hunne sterkte  vinden !
                 vurigen  haurd onder het  ho&, en  ,als een                 Zoo was het  toen,  chp  bet moment dezer  profetie.
                 vurige fakkel owder cle schoven; en eij z&ten               Al de volken  der aarde  hadden  zich tegen  .Jeruzalem
                 ter  rechter- en ter  linkerz,ijde  alle volken verzameld,  toen de  ,profeet haar zag in het zoeklicht
                 rondom verteren; en jeruzalem oail n.og b&j- zijner profetie.
                 ven in hare plaats te Jeruzxxlem.                           Maar  ,de Heere der heirscharen was met  tiaar !
                                             -Zach. 12:5, 6:                 En ze had Zijne belofte,  Zijn. Woord, dat van geen
    D a n ! . . . .                                                  wankelen weet !
    Op  ,dat  bepaalde  moriient en onder die  bijzondere               Hij  zou  Jeruzal.em  stellen tot een  vwijmeldrank  allen
omst$edigheden  ! . . . .              I                             vol.ken,  ,en tot een lastigen steen : wie  zich  daar,mede   be-
    Dan zullen  ,de leidslieden  van  Juda in hun  hirt een          daden  zotiden  gewisselijk doorsneden  worden. Hij zou
besliste keuze  doen  v66r Jeruzalem en tegen hare  vijtan-          ade paarden met  schywigheid  slaan, en hunne ruiters
den !                                                                m e t   zinneloosheid.  .   .   .   _
    Och, onder  anderg  omstandigheden-ware   deze keuze                     Maar  Hij zou Zijne oogen  ,openen over let huis van
niet zoo  merkwaar,dig.  Als  Jefuzalem  66k eene sterke             Juda !
vesting is  naar de maatstaf der  wereld, als  ge rondom                En dan  doen de leidslieden van  Jucla. in hun hart
de  vesting-kun't   gaan en hare  torens kunt  tellen, en ge         de keuze  v66r Jeruzalem!                        .
weet,' dat  ,binnen hare. muren een sterke  bezetting is                     ,Gewichtig  moment!
van  strij,dbare   hekl'en; of  als  poor het  oogenblik  .Jeru-
zalem  vrede heeft en ze  ,ook door de  vol,keren  -r.ondom                  Wonderli j ke keuze !
met resgekt wordt  behandeld; als de  Kerke Gods een                         De  .leiders van Juda zeggen in hun hart: De  in-
tijdperk van `rust  ma.g  genieten  en. hare  leden ook in de        wone& van Jeruzalem zullen mij eene  sterkte zijn!
werelId eene  pladfs  kunnen  vinden,:och, dan  valt het                     Van eene keuze, eene  besliste keuze, is hier immers
-niet zoo op, wanneer "de leidslieden van  Juda"  zeggen,            sprake. Ze zeggen hier iets  in  7kun  hart,  van  waaruit
dat in de inwoners van Jeruzalem  .hunne sterkte wordt               de  uitgangen des levens  kijn, van  waaruit al ons  den-
gevonden,  w&.neCr ze in  ahun hart de heuze  doeri  v66r            denken en  willen en begeeren, al  ,ons  spreken  en  han-
Jertizdem.                   .-  -.                                  del'en, uit  ,een geestelijk-zedelijk oogpunt wordt  be-
   Velen  sluiten  zi&`&@,bij   Jeruzalem's inwoners  aan !          paald.  ,Ons hart  giest en  beslist  in den  diepen grond
    Een groote kerk wordt  gema8kelijk   groot,er!                   ,der  zaak tusschen  l-i&t en duisternis, doet eene keuze
  Maar dan! . . . .                                                  is betrekking tot God !
   Als  ,er,  nw?r menschelijke  berekening,  geen  veilig-                   Bier,ge!dt  de  &eaze in  haar  concretei  y~qn,  yoor..


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  466                                        T H E   S T A N D A R D   BtikRER                                                 -        -
               -._  "
  zoover   hit de  dingen  betr.eft,   ,die gezien  worden :  Jeru-           Jeruzdem  ,en Juda !
.-  zal&n of Babel, de Kerk of de  wereI'd,  Christus  of                De Kerk in haar  centrum, zooals ge haar op den
  Bkli'al. Want  d,e leiders  van Juda zeggen  .dit in hun             sabbat  moogt zien  vergaderd rondom Gods  -Woord  ; en
  hart  qp het  oogenbhk,  da't  Jeruzal,em  van  alle zijden          Gods volk in de wereld, zooals het op  allerJei   wijze in
  oinsingeld is door  ,de  vij,anden.  En  hetgeen  ze  zaggen         aanraking Bomt met de wereld,  ,die in het booze  ligt. . .
  wordt  zeker niet  .bepeald door  d,e  ,dingen, die gezien                  En wat  zal  Juda  `nu  doen?
  worden. Bij de inwoners van het belegerde en dqor de                        Wat  zul.len  hare  prinseu  nu zeggen?
  vijanden bestookte Jeruzalem  zbeken ze hunne sterkte !                     De vijand rukt  aan en is machtig-!  Zullen  Juda's
  E&4  wonderlijke. keuze !            Want  ,di,e vijanden zijn       leidslieden  zich nu overgeven  aan, en gemeene zaak
  mnchtig, en te  oordeelbn  near  menschelijk&  maatstaf              4maken met de vijand tegen Jeruzalem? Zullen ze  oor-
  is  er voor Jeruzalem geen  hoo,p op  uitkomst  of  over-
                           s                                           deelen,  .dat de zaak van Jeruzalem  tech immers  hope-
  winning !                                                            loos is, dat de stad Gods niets  vermag tegen zoo-over-
         Tegenover -de  ,overweldigende  macht  der  vijanden          w.eldigende   ,macht, en  zullen ze  zich om huns  levens,
  !ki,ezen  d&,prinsen van  &da hier  voor'het zwakke  Jeru-           hunis  aardschen  l e v e n s   wille  imaar  b i j   den  vijand-
  zal,em !                                         .                   voegen? . . . .  _  _                   :
       Ze  zeggen:-   Uw  volk' is mijn volk!                                 Ach,  ZOO oordeelen en  sprek& velen,  :die  l&d&eden
         Let er op, dat er  naar- de voorstelling der  .pr&etie        van' Juda heeten, en velen van de inwoners van Juda
  onderschei8d  gemaakt` wordt  tusschen Jeruzalem  ,en                zijn maar al te  -bereid  omlde leiding van deze prinsen,
  Juda.                                                                te       vblgen!     -         `-  "
         Jeruzalem was onder  -de dude bedeeling de  zi:Chti                  Doch  Juda's ware leiders spreken  tech anders.
  ,bar,e  stad Gods, het  centrum van  ,de zichtbare  open-                   Zij zeggen in hun hart : D.e inwoners van Jeruzalem
  baring van Gods Koninkrijk in de wereld. Daar was                    zullen mij eene sterkte zijn.
  de  tempel, waar  Jehova  ,woond,e tusschen de cherubim,                    De uitdrukking is eenigszins eigenaardig. We had-
  a,chter het voorhangsel. En daar  waren de berg Sion                 den  hit kunnen verstaan, indien de prinsen gezegd  had-
  ,en de  trdbn Davids;  vanwaar de Heere  Z&f regeerde                den, dat  Jequzalem's   *God  ,hun eene sterkte  zou zijn.
  door Zijnen  gezalf.de over Israel.  Jerusalem was het               Bf ook, het ware begrijpelijk geweest, zoo ze gezegd
  centrum van  Isra,els leven. In de nieuwe bedeeling is               hadden,  ,dat ze hunne sterkte zouden zoeken in  Jeru-
  Jeruzalem principieel  boaen, want  Clhristus is  opge-              zdem, binnen hare vesting. &Iaar  nu zeggen ze, dat de
  wekt en de  :H,oogepriester  is ingegaan in het binnenste            inwoners van het belegerde Jeruzalem hun eene sterkte
  heiligdom,, en  -de Gezalfde  ,des Heeren  r,ege& van den            zullen zijn !
  troon Davids in den  hemel, verhoogd  aan de  r,echter-                     En  tech, de zaak is duidelijk.
  hand des  Vaders..   Xaar di't Jeruzalem komt tot  open-                    Er ligt in dit zeggen van de leiders van  Juda  allq-
  baring in de  Kerk  o p   aarde. En met oog op het .eerst de erkentenis, dat  Jeruzalems   burgeren  sterk zijn.
  onderscheid, dat hier gemaakt wordt  tussch.en   Jeru-               Oogenschijnlijk is dit anders. Naar den uiterlijken
  zalem  ,en  J&a,  m0gen.w.c  zeggen,  ,dat Jeruzalem in de           schijn  deer  dingen is de  :macht bij  ,de yijanden en is  er
  nieuwe bedeeling op  aarde vertegenwoordigd wordt                    voor .Jeruzalem geen~ hoop. Do&in weerwii van  ,dezen
  tdoor de Kerk in  haaar  centrum, met  .hare ambtsdragers.           schijn der  dingen zeggen de leiders van Juda, dat  d,e
  Als geinstitueerde Kerk  komtze in de wereld  tot  open-             sterkte is bij  ,de inwoners van Jeruzalem. In de tweede
  baring  als de woonstede Gods in Christ-us,  als. het                plsats  spreken  Juda's prinsen hier uit,  dat ze  zich bij
  koninkrijk Gods  in"Christus. Daar wordt Gods Woord                  Jeruzalem's  burgeren  zullen voegen, dat ze  Jeruzalem's
  gepredikt- en beledeh  `en gedaan. . . .                             zaak tot hun  zaak.zullen   maken.  Ze  zullen spreken en
        En het  hdoren.  en houden van Gods  Woord is het              belijden als  Jeruzalem's inwoners, wat er  oak gebeure,
 -k
  I ,enmer.k van  ,de  burgeren van Jeruzalem.                         ,en hoe de vijand ook mag  woeden. Ze zullen Gods
          En Juda lag  we1 buiten en. rondom  Jeruzal,em,              Woord belijden en bewaren en Jeruzalem's  zaak, de
  maar zijn leidslieden en burgers behoorden  tech bij  .de            zaak van' God's verbond,  ,verdedigen tegenover den
  IGodsstad.   O,ok hun leven  concentreer,de  zich in  Jeru-          vijand..  Ein in de derde  plaats  spreken de leidslieden
  zalem.  Daar woonde ook hun God. Daar  heerschte                     van Juda hier  als hun  vaste overtuiging uht, dat ze dan
  hij, -die ook zij  als hun koning  &k&den.            Daar  .aan-    alleen sterk zijn,  als ze  m&t de inwoners  van Jeruzalem
baden  ,qo*k zij. i?Iet de burgers van Jeruzalem vormden               gemeene zaak  ma'ken !
  ze-  dus  .hret  65ne' volk des  Heeren..   All&en  maar,  bun              De inwoners van  Jeruzal&n  zullen mij eene sterkte
  woonplaats was buiten de vesting. En  als de  vijan,den              zijn!
  aanrukken.  tegen de stad Gods, komen zij  .dus eerst
  met  h&l in  aanraking. En er  .is geen  reden in den                       Hun zaak is onze zaak !
  tekst voor de voorstelling, dat Juda en  Zijn prinsen                       Hunne  kracht is onze  ,kracht!
  thans  toevlacht  hebben gezocht  binnen Jeruzalems                         Het is de keuze van  Juda'.s prinsen  als  vertegen-
  ~mure;Lz,                                                            woordigende  Juda zelf en hare  inw~ners!               .-- A


                                              THE  S T A N D A R D   BEARER                                                               467
                                                                                                                 :.  ..:
      V~%~'Jeruzalem,   te&n  Babel!  -                                 Jeruzalem hunne s'terkte noemen, is  we1  duidelijk uit
      Wonderlijke  keuzi! !                                             ,de  wqorden : "in den  Heere  d&r heirscharen  bunny
        _                                                               God."        Met `de  itiworiers  vbn Jeruzalem zoeken en
         ..~..           .-w . .  ..-  .-
                                               ..,.-         _          vinclen  Juda's grooten sterkte in den God van Israel.
      We1  g e g r o n d e   keu&e!  `-  -      -                           -Hij is de HEERE,  Jbhova, de  Onveranderlij.ke, de
      Oogenschijnlijk is de  $keuze  dwaas,  en  tioet  .ze  we1        IK ZAL ZIJN, de eeuwig  Ge'trouwe, de Verbonds-God,
  door de  uitkomst   worden  beschaamd.                                Die nooit  last varen de  -we-+n Zijner  handen, Die  .Zelf
      Wie  ,z,egt nu  vali den zwakke, dat hij hem tot                  Zijn verbond heeft opgericht met Zijn volk, Die dat
  st,erkte   zal zijn? Wie  .zoekt nu  .bescherming en  yeilig-         verbond- eeuwiglijk  ged&kt, het  realiqeer,cili Zijn ,
  heid,  last staan van  overivinning, bij hem,  lbij wien              Gezalfde, het  volma$en zal in eeuwige  heerlijkheid in  i
  vermogen  noch middelen  gevonden  .worden?                           Zijn  taberna.&el bij de menschen. Hij is  hun  God, Die  :
      En  tech, zoo is het hier. Nooit is  J&uzalem sterk.              Israel  heeft,verkoren, Die Zijne  Kerk. heeft liefgehad
  Nooit vindt ge de machtigen der wereld binnen  ,haire                 met eene  eecwige  lief,de, verordineerd tot de zaligheid,
vesting.  Tevergeefs zoekt ge  daar  de  paarden en de                  Die Zijne  1iefCle openbaart in het aangezicht  va&  Jezus
. ruiteren, waarop ge in den strijd kunt vertrouwen.                    als  .de God hunner zaligheid, en Die  all?  ingen tot
  Zoo  .was het gesteld met Jeruzalem` van  `de oude  -be-              hunne eindelijke zaligheid zekerlijk  zal`  doen gedijen.
  deeling. Wat beteekende Sions berg bij Basan's  hemel-               .Hij is  d,e Heere  dir  heirseharen, Die de  lege@machten
  hoogen? Zoo was het  vooral  ten  tij,de des profeten.               -van  hemel en  aarde  gebiedt,,  en  ze in dienst  stelt.tot den
  Ach, verwoest had men de  &ad Gods. En het `was                       strijd om Zijn verbond. . . .                       -
  eigenlijli slechts bij de  gratie der  heidensche. vorsten,                Hij is dus de Almachtige, de  Alwi,ize,  ,de  Getirouwe,
  zoo het  scheen, dat de oude Godsstad nog weer  her-                 de eeuwige God !
  bouwd  mocht  worden. En bovendien, in deze  plrofetie                           `qHij kan  ,en  wil en zal in nood,
  wor,dt ze  immers  voorgesteld als door vijanden  om-                      .-  -  -Zelfs bij het naad'ren van den  dood,-
  singeld !                                                                          Volkomen  .uitkomst  geyen."
   . En is het anders  met,de  keEk der nieuwe  bedeeling?                  .Op Hem-is  .Jeda's vertrouwen.
      Klein in  aantal,  gering in  kracht,  a?m  aan middelen,             We1  gegrohde  keuze.!  1.  m--F.  '  -.  1.  ._
  wonend temidden van een machtige wereld,  ,bij wier                                                                  -
  `(gratie" ze nog "vrijhei,d.   v a n   god:sdienst"  mag  ge-
  nieten,  zoolang  als ze die wereld niet teveel in den weg                Keuze, die nooit beschaamt!
  s t a a t .   :. .                                                        Want de vijanden  zullen  beschaaind  en  verteerd
      Ach,  wie zou nu  zeggen:  ,de  leden van die Kerk               ,worden.
  zullen  .mij eene sterkte zijn?                                           Maar als  *de strijd gestreden is, zal Jeruzalem nog  _
     .OogenschijnlijB  eene dwaze   keuze !                            zijn op hare plaats te Jeruzalem!
      En  .zeker eene keuze, die door en  naai  :het  vlees.eh              Ifi  beelds$prsak  wordt  d e   overwinning  van  J u d a
  nimmer zal  ,kunnen  w&den  gedaaiz.                                 hier geteekend.            God  zal zijn  prinsen-  stellen tot een
      Verge& het  ,da;arom niet, dat het in laatster  in-              vurigen haard onder het hout, en als een  vurigen
  stantie  ,God is, Die hier spreekt. Hij zegt hier,  wat              fakkel onder  ,de  schov&. Dat hout en die sehoven zijn
  zal gebeuren. Hij beloof hier iets  aan  Zijn'e  Kerk.               de  machten der duisternis, de vijanden,  ,die Jeruzalem
  Hij zegt  .het, dat de leidslieden  van' Juda dan in hun ,.omsifigelen  om haar te verwoesten, die Gods volk
  hart zullen zeggen  :. De inwoners van Jeruzalem  zull&              haten en bestoken in de wereld alle eeuwen door. En
  niij  eene~sterkte zijn. En  wat Hij  zegt,-da't doet Hij.           dat  vuur is Gods kracht in en  ,door  duda, waardoor
  Wat Hij belooft, dat  vervul;t  H.ij. Hij  i.s'-het dus ook,         Juda sterk staat tegenover de vijanden en hen verteert.
  Die Zelf  .deze keuze in  ,de  harten van Jeruzalem's  prin-         Niet buiten Zijn volk om,  ma&r door hen  heen,  we&t
  sen  wer#kt. En als Hij ze werkt,  dan  kunnen, dan                  God,:om  Zijn.vo1.k te bewaren en te beschermen, en de
  wille!l  ,de prinsen van Juda niet anders dan  zich  ,bij het        volkomene  overwinnin'g   :te geven.
  oogenschijnlijk  zwakke" Jeruzalem  voegen;                               Medestrij.del;s  Gods  .door Zijne  kracht zijn zij !
       Het is de keuze, niet  ,des  vleesehes, maar des                     En dit  wil niet  zeggen,  d&5  ,Gods Kerk in de wereld
  `Geestes, door  Edds  getiade in  `t hart  gewerkit.                 uitwendige  ,macht  zal  ,ontwikkelen,  en in uitwendigen,
      Dan  sullen. . . .                                               aardschen zin  `de vijanden zal verteren. Ze zal  moeten
      Daarom  i s   d e z e   keuz6,  school1  dtwaas'  naar  h e t    lijden  naar het  vleesch.
  vleesch, dan ook eene beslissing der hoogste  wijtiheid.                  Maar geestelijk heeft ze de- overwinning. En de
      Ze is  we1 gegrond.         -                                    uiteindelijke  victorie is harer.
     ,Immers is de sterkte van  Jeruzalem's inwoners niet                   Eh  eeuwiglij*k zal Jeruzalem op haar  plaats   staan,.
  in henzelven,  maar in den Heere  hunnen God. En dat                 aan de  ipitse  ,der schepping !
  ,de  leiders  vali Juda dit  goed beseffen, dat ze niet  hml              Nimmer-beschaamde  keuze
  kracht in  menschen zoeken, ala  ze de  burgeren  ~a,4               "$  .J  :  `1' --  _.--.:   ,; .  i  _                    EL H,


468                                                                                                   T H E   STANDA,RD   .BEARER

                                 The Standard Bearer
        Semi-Monthly, except Monthly in July and August                                                                                                                                EDITORIA.LS  _j
                                                              Published by
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                                             1101  Hazen  `Street, S. E.                                                                                                                 s Schedule For  1942-1943
                                      EDITOR --Rev.  ,H. Hoeksema                                                                        .                                                                  O C T O B E R   1..  '
   Contributing editors-Revs. J. Blankespoor, A. Cammenga,
   P. De Boer, J. D.  ,de  Jong, H. De Wolf, L. Doezema,                                                                                                                        Meditatie H. H.
   M. Gritters, C. Hanko, B. Kok, G. Lubbers, G. M. Ophoff,                                                                                                                     Editorials  `H.  &I.  -
  A. Petter, M.  Schipper, J.  Vanden  Breggen, H.  peldman,                                                                                                                    Dogmatic Article H.  fi..
 R. Veldman, W. Verhil, L. Vermeer, P.  Vis, G. Vos,                                                                                                                            The Manna G. M. 0.
  and Mr. S. De Vries.                                                                                                                                                          The Psalms G. V.
  Communications relative to contents should be addressed                                                                                                                       Moeilijke Schriftuurplaatsen W. V.
  to REV. H. HOEKSEMA, 1139 Franklin St., S. E., Grand                                                                                                                          Our Mission and the Times  NC. H.
  Rapids, Michigan.                                                                                                                                                             The Problem of a  just Peace A. P.
   Communications  .relative to subscription should be ad-                                                                                                                      The Meaning of Christ's Intercession In Heaven B. K.
  dressed to MR. R.  SCHAAFSMA,  1101 Haaen St., S. E.,
  Grand Rapids,  Mich. All Announcements and Obituaries                                                                                                                         Current Events L. D.                 -
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                                           Subsctiption  $2.50 per year                                                                                                         Meditation  -H.  H;
                                                                                                                                                                                Editorials H. H.
        Entered   as  second  clam  mail   at  Grand  Rapids.  Michigm                                                                                                          Dogmatic Article H. H.
                                                                                                                                                                                The Brazen Serpent  (G. M. -0.
                                                                            H
                                                                                                                                    _                                           The Fulness of Time G. M. 0.
                                                                                                                                                                                The  Psalms G. V.
                                                              CONTENTS                                                                                                          The Right of the "Innocent  DiGorced Party" To, Re-
                                                                                                                                                            Page                marry H. V.
MEDITATIE  -                                                                                                                                                                    The Shaking of  .A11 Things G. L.
 .JUDA'S `KEUZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Cor;poral  Punishment of the Child  l$I. G.
          Rev. H. Hoeksema.                                                                                                                                                     The- Conscientious Objector M. 8.

EDITORIALS  -                                                                                                                                                                                              N O V E M B E R   1
  SCHEDULE FOR 1942-1943 . . . . . . . ..!............................................  468 _ Meditatie  !H. H.
  Rev. H. Hoeksema.                                                                                                                                                             Editorials H. H.
  VER UIT  .DE DIEPTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471                           Dogmatic Artide H.  Hi
         Rev. G. Vos                                                                                                                                                            `The Crossing of the Arnon G. M. 0.
                                                                                                                                                                                The  P:salms  ,G. V.
  ABELS MEERDERE OFFERANDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
         Rev. W. Verhil.                                                                                                                                                        Moeilijke  Schriftuurplaatsen  W. V..
                                                         ,                                                                                                                      The Ideal of Protestant  Ref,ormed  Schools  B. V.                        .
  NAZISM AND Mi.RXIAN SOCIALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475                                                                             The Method of Approach in our Mission Work P. D. B.
         Rev. H. Veldman.                                                                                                                                                       Pacifism  J; H.
  FAMILY WsORStiIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478                      Nieuws Uit  Ooze Kerken S. D. V.
         Rev. M. ,Gritters.                                                                                                                                                                             NOVEMBER 15
  CURRENT EVENTS . ...* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  *...*a*                                                                     4 8
                                                                                                                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0    Meditatiod  H. H.                                                    :
         Rev. H. De Wolf.                                                                                                                                                       Editorials H. H.  ,,
  CONCERNING THE C. L. A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   Dpgmatic Article  H; H.                   "
                                                                                                                                                                 482
         Rev. C. Hanko,                                                                                                                                                         The Conquest of the Trans-Jordanic Region and its
                                                                                                                                                                                Significance G. M. 0.
  CONTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
         Rev A. Petter.                                                                                                                                                         The Promise to Abraham  Fdf3ed Upon the Gentiles
                                                                                                                                                                                G. M. 0.
  CONTRIBUTION 1.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                 485            The Psalms G.  ?.
         Mr. ,G. Ten Elshof.                                                                                                                                                    The Christian Doctrine of Stewardship A. C.
  THE DREAM AS A MEDIUM OF REVELATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 486                                                                                                               Games of Skill and Games of Chance P. V.
          Rev. G. M. Ophoff.                                                                                                                                                    Doctrinal Instruction and the  :Christiqn   School  J. D. J..
                           _ _-.--. -.                              ---  __-  "  ._  -  _                                                                                       ,The Choir  -in  Public  Wors+ip  J. B, --  `.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -w,'  ._    a    `.  _


                                         T - H E   `STA.NDARD   B E A R E R                                              469

                          DECEMBER 1                         P r a y e r   F,or  P e a c e   A .   ,C.  --
Meditatie  IH. H.                                            The Error of Seventh Day Adventism J. B.
Edito$&s  H .   H .                                          -The Doctrine of Non-Resistance A. P.
D o g m a t i c   Articlle  H .   G..                        Sermons Reading and Ministry of the Word  ' L. V.
Balaam and Israel G. M. 0.                                                                  FEBRUARY 15
The Psalms  ,G. V.                                           I\/leditation  H. H.
Moeilijke  Sohriftuurplaatsen W. V.                          Editorials. H. H.
The-Organiti Inspiration of Scripture H. D.  W.'             Dogmatic  Art3de.  IH.  I&
Freedom of Religion M. S.                                    Tlhe Levitical Cities and the  `Cities of Refuge G. M. 0.
Idolatry and  Imtige Worship L. V.                           The Change Under  Const,antine   r G. M. 0.                  /1
                         -DECEMBER 15                        T h e   Psal,ms  ,G.  V .
                                                             Christian  Isollationism  H. D. W.
Meditation H. H.                                             Dewey  a n d   C h r i s t i a n   Eiducation  G .   L .
Editori& H. H.                                               The Biblical Idea of Mystery B. K.
Dogmatic  &ticle- H. H.                                      News From Our Churches S. D. V.
Numbering  the People, Its  ,Objective  and  Punpose
6. M. 0.                                                                                       March 1
`The  Psa&s  ,G. V.                                          Meditatie  H, H.
Early Martyrdom  ,G. M. 0.                                   Editorials H. H.
Rationalism and Christian Logic  ,G.  L.                     Dogmatic Article H. H.
The  ,Criterion of a Miracle A. P.                           The Imperishability of the Tribes  *G. M. 0.
Training Our Sunday  8School  Teachers M.G.                  T.he Psalms G. V.
Cdvin's  Four  Kin!ds  o f   G r a c e   B .   K.-           M o e i l i j k e   Schriftuurplaateen   W .   V .
                           JANUARY 1                         Jehovah's  W,itnesses P. V.
                                                             Cooperative Associations M. G.
Meditatie  IH. H.                                            Dramatic  A&ion-and  the Novel L. D.
Editorials H. H.                                             Nieuws Uit Onze  Kerken J. B.
Dogmatic Article H. H.
The New  Separations  From the Heathenism of  Midian                                         MARCH 15
G. M. 0.                                                     M!sditation   G.  H .
The Psalms G. V.                                             Editorials H. H.
M o e i l i j k e   Schriftuurplaatsen   W .   V .           -Dogmatic Article H. `H.
Freedom of Speech J. V. D. B.                                ChritianiziFg  Education in  Th? Public Schools R. V.
Banth's Conception  .of Predestination H. V.                 `T,he Canonical Significance of Deuteronomy G.  $t. 0.
Luther's Quest for Justification J. H.                       The Gainsayers  :G. M.  0;
Current Events L. D.                                         Pr,ohibiti,on and Temperance J. D. J. (Dutch)
                           JANUARY 15                        T h e   Cfhristian   .And  S t r i k e s   C.  H . .
                                                             Freedom From Fear And Want P. D. B.
Meditation H. H.                                              Current Events J. H.
Editorials H. H.
.Dogmatic   Artide  iH.  H .                                                                   APRIL 1
The Distributions of the Amoritish Kingdoms                  Meditatie H. H.
G.  M. 0.                                                    Esdiitori%&s   -  H .   H .
The Christians Under  The- Several Emperors G. M. 0.         Dogmatic Article H. H.
The Psalms  )G. V.                                           Moses The Mediator As Type of Christ G. M. 0.
R$dio Broadcasting as Mission  W,ork  c. H.             I     The Psalms  .G.  Vi  I
The Perspective of Matt. 24  I?. D. B.                       Moeilijke  Schriftuurp1aatsen  W. V.
The Infallibility of  ,otic English Bible R. V.              The-Church And War J. V. D. B.
Apparent Contradictions in Scripture? M. S.                  Modern War And  ICommon Grace H. D. W.
                           FEBRUARY 1                        "Sanctified In Christ" In The  Fir,st Question Of Our
                                                             Baptism Form M. G.
Meditatie H. H.                                              Book Review H.  `H.
Ezditorials  H .   H .
Dogmatic  Artiide H. H.                                                                       APIRIL 15
,The Anticipated Inheritance G.  M; 0.                       ,Medita;tion  H .   H .
The Psalms  IG. V.                                           Editorials H. H.
MoeXj8ke  SchriftuLl.rplaatsen   W .   .V.                   Dogmatic Article H. H.


 470                                    T H E   STANDA,RD   B E A R E R   '  r:  -
 Moses' Signifiance For 0. T. Prophecy G. M. 0.                                      _.     JULY 1
 The  Gainsay&s   .Rebuk.ed G.  M. 0.                      M'editatie  H .   H .
 Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna A. C.                                                                             .
                                                           Editorials H. H.
 Election And  Foreordination G. L.                        dogmatic  Articlle  H .   H .
 The Time Of Jesus' Crucifixion B. K.             '        The Heinous Sin Of  A&an's  Theft  ,G. M. 0:
 The Psalms  LG. V.                                        The  P.sa16tis G. V.
 Nieuws Uit Onze Kerken S. D. V.                           Moeilijke Schriftuuaplaatsen W. V.
                           M A Y   1                       A'bolute Sovereignty And  IHuman Freedom  -`H.  D. W.
 Meditati'e  H .   H .                                     The.-Concept "Person" In Scripture H. V.
 %ditorids  H .   `H.                                      `The Theory of Soul-Sleep R.. V.                       \
 Dogmatic Article H. H.                                    Current- Events J. H.
 Raha:b  And The Spies  ,G. M. 0.                                                           AUGUST 1
 The  Psa18ms  ,G. V.      -'  _                           Meditation H. H.
 Moeilij,ke  Schriftunqlaatsen   W .   V .                 Editorials H. H.
 Semen Religionis In Calvin's Institutes P. D. B.          Do,grnatic  A&cl,e H. H.
 !I'he Validity of  Natpral  Law A.  I?.                   The Altar Of Blessing And Cursing. G. M. 0.
 The `Meaning  ,Of "Israel" in Rom. 11 H. D. W.            Moeilijke Schriftuurplaatsen W. V.
 Current Events J. H.                                      The Concept "Heart" In  Scriptur,e M. G.
                           M.AY 15                         Hymn Singing In Public Worship P. V.
 weditat?on  .H. H.                                        The `Angels And Salvation  Iti Christ J. D. J.
 Editorials H. H.                       I                  The Author Of The  `Hebrews B. K.
 Dogmatic  .Article H. H.                                  Reward  Accbrding To Works J. V. D. B.
.T.he Crossing of the Jordan  ,,G. M. 0.                                              SEPTEMBER 1
 The Ante-Nicene Fathers On Catholic Unity  )G. M. 0.      M.editatie  H. H.
 The  Psalfms . G. V.                                      Editorials H. H.
 Federal Solidarity And Personal Responsibility  1H. V.    Dogmatic  &ticle H. H.
 Baptismal  Grace J. V. D. B.                              The  Gibeonites  G. M. 0.
 Temptation And Trial M. G.                                The Psalms G. V.
 The Time Element In The Fourth Gospel L. D.               M&igijke Schriftuurplaatsen W. V.
                           JUNE 1            i             The Binding Power Of Confessions M.  s.
 Meditaiie   H .   H .                                     `The Value Of Apologetics L. D.
 Editorials H. H.                                          The  Tinie of Jesus' Public Ministry A. C.
 Dogmatic Article  -H. H.                                                            SEPTEMBER 15
 The  Ded.ication  To  The  ~H!oly War G. M. 0.            Meditation H. H.
 The  Psailms G. V.                                        Edit,orials  H .   H .
Moeilijke Schriftuurplaatsen W. V.                         Dogmatic Article  IH .H.
 The  R,eformed  `Conception Of The Sacraments  -R. V.     The Standing Still Of Sun And Moon G. M. 0.
 Tahe Objective Reality Of The Temptations Of Jesus
 q.  (3.                                                   The Beginnings Of Papacy  G. M. 0.
                                                           The Christian And Sports J. H.
 The Location Of Paradise M. S.                            Christus' Uitvoering Van Zijn  Profetisch  A.mbt Onder
 News From `The West J. B.                                 Het Oude  VeTbond L. V.
                           JUNE 15           '             The  Ston6  Laid In Sion  *G. L.
 Meditation  .H. H.                                        Israel's Theocracy As A Model State A. P.
 Bclitor&ls   H .   H .                                    Nieuws Uit Onze Kerken S. D. V..
 Dogmatic Article  IH. H. .
 The Capture Of Jericho  ,G. M. 0.                                                         REMARKS
 The Psalms  `G. V.
 The Dangers Of  Early Adolescence  P: D. B.                 I  ,did not  conside?  ii necessary to indicate the
 The  Simtlarity Between The Synoptic Gospels  C. H.       number of  p&ges for  ,each  arbide. The brethren may
 Faith And  W,orks In The  -Epistle  Of James L. V.        consult the outlines of last year for this if they are
 +4n.selm's Cur Deus Homo And The  Heid. Catechism         in doubt. Rev. Ophoff  -preferred to select his own
 G. L.                                                     subjects  rather than having subjects  asigned to him.
 C,hurch And  State. A. P.                                  I wish to  tchank  some of the brethren for their  sug-
                                                                                               _


 .8
                                         T H E   S T - A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                       471

,gestions regarding  desirabIe topics for discussion in                David  mocht die  klager vooruit leven in den angst
our paper. I made as much use of  th6m as I could.                zijner_  z i e l e .   Doeh  d e   gebeden  Da!vid.s  hadden  h u n
To make  room for  ,others I  had to omit the  R,ev. G.           einde.  Davids  nacht had een einde in den tijd. Jezus'
Vos's contribution on The Psalms a few  ti.mes.  Ci-iti-          l~lachten,  echter,  waren  klachten die hun  &ho  hadden
cism of the above  sc,hedule  will be very welcome and            in den  eeuwigen  nacht die in een korte  spanne  tijds
could be taken into consideration in connection with              doorstaan zijn.  Onbegrijpelijke smart van Jezus. En
the  sch.edule of a following year.                               tech  eeti gouden kleinood ! De hemelen zullen het U
                                                   H. H.          vertefien, wanneer geen  maan meer  &hij.nt.
                                                                       Wees mij genadig, o God !  wees mij genadig; want
                                                                  mijne, ziel betrouwt op U, en ik neem mijne  toevlucht
                                                                  onder de  schaduw Uwer vleugelen,  tot-d,at de  ver-
                I Verlost Uit De Diepte                           devliringen voorbij zijn gegaan.
                                                                       Dat heeft- David  ~gedaan  ; en  da_t  doet gij ook, die
                                                                  den Heere  ifreest  aen  ,op Zijn  Woox$  vertrouwt. Ook
                           (Psalm 57)                             Bunt  ge er van op  aan, dat Jezus  zu&s deed. Niemand
       N,og weer een  gouden- kleinood Davids. En't blijkt        heeft zoo op den Heere vertrouwd als Jezus.  Z,elfs de
uit den inhoud,  dat het de Messias is, die zijn lijden           d u i v e l   heeft  d a t   ,opgemer.kt.   age  k u n t   h e t   hoo;ren
en verlossing en prijs van  <God, vooruit deed  lij.den en        t e m i d d e n   Ivan  h e t   rumoer  r o n d o m   Golgotha.  "Hij
erlvaren  door den man naar Gods. hart, David, de ,heeft op God  betrouwd: dat Hij Hem nu verlosse!"
tolek'omst.ige  Koning over  abet Israel des Heeren.              M      a    t    t    h    .          27:43.
       Een gouden kleinood. Een  schat van ongekende                   Ja, de Heere Jezus Christus, de betere David  heefit
waardij. Een kostelijke  zatig'die vanuit de diepten des          zeer op den  I&ere vertrouwd ; het was `Hem  er om te
lijdens opklimt door de verlossing tot de lieflijkste             doen om onder de schadaw  van Gods vleugelen Zijne
zangen  van de  VerheerlijLing Gods.                              toevlucht te nemen. Maar, ach, dat kon op den duur
       Historisch mag  dit lied  `verbonden   aan het  zwerven    niet. Langzaam  aan  trokken  .die  `deugelen  zich  terug
van David,  toen Saul hem gieriglijk najoeg in de woes-           en werd Jezus  -bldotgesteld  aan de  haat van  Saul, o
tenij van Engedi, boven op de  rotss&eenen der  steen-            neen, van Satan, van  Herodes en Pilatus,  van de volken
bokken,  aan den  ,weg waar een spelonk was. Voor  Jona           Israels en van een ieder die een zaak  tegen  Messias   '
bexhikte de Heere  ,een  groote visch die hem  ver- -had. De  Ivleugelen  werden  teruggetrok#ken  en, o wee !
zwolg,  lv'oor David was er  altijd de spelonk,  waar hij         voor die  vleugelen kwam er in steeds versnelde tempo.
mocht  onrtkomen   aan de  haat Sauls.                            de golven en  baren van Gods toorn.  Doch Jezus  bleef
       We  merken op, dat Saul in de  sp:elonk  Bwam om           cot in de zwarte eeuwigheden toe op God  betrouwen.
zijn  -voeten  te  dekk6n.  Do& David  met zijn  hoo,pje          Het was  awaar, wat de duivel zeide. In den zwarten
mannen verborgen  zich in de zijden der spelonk. Die              ,nacht  Ivan  Golgo%ha  heeft Jezus  op  ,God betrouwd, ook
ti@onk is er nog.                                                 dan wanneer -de vleugelen Gods veranderden in het
1  IGe Bunt het U  1,evendig voorstellen hoe het  Dti,vid         laaien van  ylatien  vuurs des ijvers  .Gods.  Dtivid
te moede was. Slechts  &ne  ongelukkige beweging of               zocht en vond de-luwte van die vleugelen,  ,doch Jezus,
geluid en de drie duizend  helden Sauls zouden  zi.ch             Zijn"groote Zoon,  st;ond  alleen in den  nacht en bij
op David met zijn  _hoopje ellendigen geworpen  hebben.           onweer.
       In die spelonk dichtte David zijn psalm. .                      Doch Hij heeft op Hem betrouwd. Van uit de  diep-
       In die ellende, duizend  maal tienduizend  maal  ver-      ten die we nimmer zullen peilen, komt een gebroken
dubbeld,  zuchtte  Jezus. In die ellende,  toen duivel en         stemme : Mijn God ! Ik  ,ventrouw   tech  ,op U !  Ik moet
mefisch  samenratte om Jezus altijd maar weer te  Ivan-           vervejn om Uws  grotten Naams wille !  Doch  1.k  ver-
,gen, heeft  Jeztis de zangen Davids vervuld. Hoe  menig-         trouw op U! Mijn ziel en lichaam hijgen in een land,
maal moet Jezus niet gezucht  hebaben: Wees mij                   ,dat dor en mat van droogte brandt, waar  niemand
genadig,  0 God ! wees mij genadig ! En we  Iezen, hoe            .lafenis   kan krijgen. Lafenis? Neen, dat kan niet,
Jezus des  morgens vroeg,  toen het nog donker was,               want Ik ben in de hel, in de buitenste duisternis, in
alle zoogenaamde  .beschaafde  .plaatsen verliet om een           fqen  tweeden dood!  Bn Ik betrouw op U! Waarom
heenkomen  te zoeken in de woestijn,  Oemidden van de             verliet Gij Mij?            -
rotsblokken, in de spelonken der  aarde. Alles wat                     Tech bleef die betere David  roepen. En Hij heeft
IH.em omringde daar  ,weerspiegelde de angst Zijner               zoolang  geroepeq tot dat God het  aan Hem voleindigde.
ziele. En Hij  stortte heete tranen tot God, Zijn Vader.          Leest het maar in den  seven-en-vijftiger. Ik  za,l  roepen ,
"Die in de dagen Zijns  lvleesches,  gebeden  en  smeek-          tot  (God den Allerhoogste, tot God die het  aan Mij
ingen tot  D,engene die Hem nit den dood kon verlossen,           voleindigen zal. Past het  ,gerust  aan Jezus toe.  Stra&s
met  ster.ke  roeping en tranen  geoff,erd hebbende, en           hooren  w,e van -die  voleindigtng, als  Jezus met  grooite
verhoord  zij,nde uit de vreeze  .-.  ."  Heb;  5:7.              stem  r,oept: .Het is vqlbracht.                I


                                                                                                         . .


                                  -
    472                                        `,     T H E   S T A N D A R D 'B E A R E `R

       En Davids lijden zag zijn einde. Saul sliep de slaap                          wentelde en  wrong de  stak(kerd   zich in de pijn van spies
    .die  God, op hem deed  valley.  Dsvid sneed den slip                            en pijl en zwaard der  lippen. Men lachte voorts en de
    zijns mantels en  verhlef zija stem.  Dfe  Heer.e gaf                            he1 weerkaatste zulk  lachen.  Doch engelen Gods  be-
    hem  iijn vijand in  den hand.  Doch  aan het begin van                          dekten hun  r,eine oogen. En het  ,kindeke Gods klaagde
    zijn kleinood liet hij schrijven: Verderf niet  !- Dat is                        t     o    t         G    o    d    .
 d e   vert&ng  v a n   A l - t a - s h e t h .   Dav.id  k w a m   n i e t   i n         Zoo moet  -ge David  zien in  ,de spelonk bij de  rots-
    d.en spelonk  bij de  s'chaapskooien om Saul  !te  ver- .stee_nen der steenbokken.
    derven. God zou  dat  doen in Zijn Eigen  r&ad.  Maar.                                En zoo moet ge Jezus zien, hangende  aan  het-`ver-
    David  onltkam:   liij  v l o o d .   E n   de  groote  Z,oon  w e r d           doekte  h o u t .
    weggerukt van  1voor den muil der draak tot  voo.r `den                               Da,n ziet ge ook God.
    itroon van God.                                                                       Luistert maar naar David: Verhef U boven de
       De Heere heeft dan  ook'David  verlbst. Hij zond van                          hemelen, o  ,God! Uwe eer zij over de gansche aarde  !
    #de-n  hemel. 0 vraagt mij niet hoe dat `in zijn  we&                                 Dat lost het probleem op, hoe die  arme lijdende  stak-
    gegaan is. Ik  .zal  moeten spreken in algemeenheden.                            kerds kunnen  zingen in de spelonk. Ze hebben  Go,d
    Last dit U en  a&n  .die God vreezen tot  troost zijn:  $,ls                     gezien en ze hebben op  ,God betrouwd en ze hebben
    gij uit de diepten tot God  schreeuw.t,  dan zal Hij van                         gehongerd naar Zijn glorie en  &er.  Tepwijl de  leeuwen
    `den  heemel zeaden tot  Uwe hulpe. Mozes heeft er al                            brull.en,  zingen zij de  psahnen  tot Gods eer.  Weest
    van gezongen zoovele  jaren voor David: Niemand                                  ,even stil en  luistert. Stapt niet te zwaar op `t  lwandel-
    is er gelijk God,  0.  Jeschurun, die op den  hemel vaart                        pad nabij de spelonk der kerker in Filippi. Als ge
    tot  Uwe hulp, en met Zijne hoogheid op de  ,bo(venste                           even  ,451  wilt  staan zult ge van onderen, van  uit het
w'olken!  D'eut.  ,33:  2 6 .   A l s   g i j   m a a r   itot  J e s c h u r u n    sous-terrain, het  zingen en bidden van  twee Christenen
    moogt behooren, dan  ko,mt alles terecht. Betrouwt  o,p                          hoor.en.  De  ruggen bloeden en het is  vuil in de spelonk,
    Hem, o Volk! Nooit is er een van die  kleinen  be-                               doch  hull hart is  licht en de gevangenen hooren naar
    schaamd geworden in dat  vetirouwen.                                             he$n..  Straks   knielt de stokbewaarder. Het  licht  vie1
       $n  algemeenheden zal ik  spreken. David gaat ons .in zijn duistere ziel.
   ' `daarin voor. Soms is het een bode die  hij,gend   ver-                              Na  dexnacht  van Jezus  konit het zonnelicht  Ivan
 a telt van Filistijnen die in het land  ivallen  ;  so& is het                      den  eersten Nieuw Testamentischen Sabbat: Ik zal
    de slaap die  Abner en de  helden bevangt.  Doch David                           U)w  N a a m   M.ijti  b r o e d e r e n   v e r t e l l e n .   V e r h e f   U   0
    is altijd veilig. Want God zend Zijn  GOEDERTIER-                                -Vader, boven de hoogste  hemel.en!  -Jezus  zingt Zijn
    ENHEID en WAARHEID.                                                              bied der  verlossingen   uit de diepten van den zwaren
       >Goedertierenheid  is die  ,deugrt van  Gocl waarin alles                     nacht. En  yoorts zijn de teekenen der  nagel,en, neen,
    in  *God  zucht om Zijn  yokk te zegenen. En waarheid                            der leeuwen, zijn ridderorden: Jezus  wordt  geor,dend
    is die  deugd-  waasin alle  lijnen  recht  loopen.                      D.e     .tot Koning over Gods  heelal.
 ~  aeugen  i s   d e   kromme  lijn  e n   h e t   doen  v a n   slangen,                Ja, David, we  heibben U  gehoord en we hebben het
    adderengebroedsels. En tegenover de  goedertieren- ervaren : daar was het net, de geeseling, de kuil; men
    heid  G.ods staat  .de hardigheid, de  wyeedheid en het                          spreide  h& net voor  Uwe voeten, ge  gingt  geb<kt
    gtiwel,d. des  duivels.                                                          onder de  geeseliing der kwaden,  ,een kuil  gaa,pte  lvoor
       Algemeenheden, ja,  doch daarom  passen ze op alle                            Uwe voeten. Dbch de Heere deed  U't  gevaar-ontkomeq
    `wegen en werken Gods die door goedertierenheid en                               verlossend U  te  goed& uur !
    waarheid  .Zijn volk uit de klauwen van het dier verlost.                             En  ali de  nacht  voorbij  gegam is, zien de  verwon-
        Stoute  taal?  Luistert naar  Da'vid.  Men zoekt David                       der de oogen, dat  ,de  beklagenswaar'dige goddeloozen
    ,op  te  slo.kken, zijn  siel is in het  midden der  leeuwen,                    zelf in het net  veTward werden, geslagen  worden met
    hij ligt onder stokebranden, menschenkinderen welker                             dubbele  slagen en de kuil  `van onuitblusschelijk vuur
    tanden  spiesen en  pijleti zijn en  hunli,eder tong een                         voor hen  geo,pend wierd.
    scherp zwaard. Zoo was het met  Davild en zoo is het                                  MS de  nacht voorbij gegaan is, staat Saul, met de
 met U, als.  gem  op den Heere vertrouwt.                                           vloek  tusschen de  tanden sissend, voor God  ; Pilatus
       ,O  neen,  men  slokt U niet op xooals  de  menscheneters.                    houdt het  piankje vast  in% gericht: hij  bluf,te  im-
    hun vuil werk  doen. Dat zijn  -zachte  mellschen,  v.er-                        mers: wat ik geschreven heb, heb ik  .ges,chreven.  Nu
    geleken bij dit gebroed. Neen,  bet was en is  ,de duivel                        zali God hem er  aan houden. Deze  rechtivaardige was
    te  doen cm het  edelste wat ge  hebt,  u'w ziel! Davids                         dan  tech  Koning der koningen en Heer der heeren.
    ziel was temidden der leeuwen! En die  spiesen en                                David in't  voile  lich;t  st,aat te jubelen voor God; Saul
    pijlcn  e n   z;waarden  z i j n   meestal  wtoorden.  E r   zij.n staat te rillen voor  *God: Hij he& David  gevlloekt en
    Ivan  ,die wezens die er  werkelijB behagen in hebben om                         God  beef% die  Ivloek gehoord.
  zeer te  doen. Men koos zijri  w.0or.d en bedacht de juiste                             Doch  ~Jezus  &aat in't volle  licht.  ,en jubelt met de
    phrase: het moet zeer  doen, schrijnen en vlijmen van                            lieflijkste  stemme in't koor der hemelen; en  Sitan  he&t
    smart. Zocht en' pond men dan `zijn  &aclutpffer,  zoo zijn  smaflten  : het net,  d!e geeseling, de kuil die brandt


                                                T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R   :                                           473

      van  vuur en  sulfdr !
-       En  dit is het wondere van al  ,die smart : zij heeft                    Abels Meerdere Off erande
      het  har,t van David  bereid; Zo diep  tref.t hem  di,e
      wijsheid Gods,  -dat  !hij het tot tweemaal zegt,  neen,                                                       Heb.  11:4:
      zingt : Mijn hart is  bereid, o God, mijn hart is  bereid!          Dat de Wet slechts een`  schaduw was der  ,toe-
      Ik zal  zingen en  psalanzingen  !                              komende  dingen en  niet het  beeld zelf der zaken, die
        Gods wet  `voor't Koninkrijk is wonderlijk. En  on-           daarin  afgesc&adu,wd  waren,  was de oorzaak, dat alle
      veranderlijk.  Het  gaait  dbor  strijd tot overwinning.        jaren en geduriglijk Israel terug  m6est naar Tempel
      Door smart tot  ,ongekende   vreugde ; om een kroon  te         en altaar. De dienst van het  Oude Verbond was dan
      ontvangen moet  ge gestreden hebben  .tegen't wild              ook telkens het  heirhalen  van wat  eerder gebracht was.
     gediert'.  Paulus zal er  l&ter van getuigen :  "Want.,onze      Hij gaf geen bevrediging,  doch  wees naar een beter
     lichte  verdrukking, die zeer  haaat?voorbij gaat,  ,w,erkt      offer, het  ,ofFer  Christi,  Die met eene  offerande in
     ons een  gansch zeer uitnemend eeuwig gewicht  -der              eeuwigheid volmaakt degenen, die geheiligd  worden.
      heerlijkheid. . .  ."  11 Cor.  4:1'7.                              Daarom is  bet, dat de  schrij'ver  aan de Hebreen,
        Zoo verstaan  w,e  we1  niet allies,  doch het  licht  der    de gemeente  waarschuwt  tegen de neiging, die in hen
     wijsheid  begin*  fe gloren als Johannes ons  leert, dat de      midden openbaar werd,  ,om  tech niet weer terug te
     schare  die niemand  tellen kan haar  schoonste zangen           keeren tot den Oud Testamentischen  eeredienst. Het
- zingt vanwege een Lam, dat  Woat als  gesbcht!  E,n                 begin van afwijking  -was  er+  alreeds.       Er  waren  som-
      wordt het Kruis, de verbrijzeling des Heeren, stof              migen die  zich  ontrokken en niet meer geregeld de
     tot een zang die  *we1 beginnen zal,  doch welks einden          samenkomst der geloovigen  bi)woonde. Voor die  reden
     nooit gevonden  worden.                                          .nu  schuifk  de schrijver het  betere van de Nieuwe
        Waak op dan, mijne eer! Waak  0.p gij  luit en harp!          Testamentis&e Bedeeling op den voorgrond.  H,et
     Waak op gij dageraad !  ABles  meet  opgewekt,-  want            Nieuwe is  imImers de  verjwlling van  en daarom ook
     Datqid, neen,  Jezus, werd opgewekt ten derden dage.             heerlijker dan het Oude. Schaduw is nooit zoo  heer-
      En nadien Jezus  opgewelit is uit de  nevel,en des  eeu-        lijk als werkelijkheid, tenzij men in den vorm bleef
     wigen doods, moet  alles in het Koninkrijk  opgewekk             hangen.
     om bij het krieken van den  dageraad der opstanding                  Tech is  he? niet alleen het betere, dat hij hier op
      den  Heere met luider  stemme op't  hoogs_t te prijzen.         den voorgrond wenscht  te plaatsen. Hij wijst,  ter
        Daarom  ,moet er dan ook godstdienstoefening zijn.            hunner bemoediging, op de  overeenkomst,  di:e er  be-
     Daarom  zullen er  altijd menschenkinderen  gevloeden            staat  ctusschen hen die gelooven in Oude en Nieuwe
 worden die's Zondagsmorgens zeggen :                   Waak op,      Bedeeling. Dwars  door.de schaduw  heen  grepen ook
     mijne eer ! Waak  op, harp en  1ui.t ! Waak op, o  dage-         de geloovigen  jvan den  ouden dag, door het geloof, naar
     raid! Vandaag gaan we een voorsmaak hebben van                   de heerlijkheid der vervulling van den Nieuwen Dag.
      den morgenstond die een dag zal inluiden waar de                Daarom  was  -bet voor de getrouwen dan  oolk een weg
     zorme der gerechtigheid nimmer zal  ondergaan. Die               van lijden en  Ivsormden zij de groote wolke van  ge-
      dag  zal pooit  st,erven in  ,schaduwen  van den  nach%t.       tuigen, die  hyn geloof, dat  .zich richtte  op de belofte
     De  nacht heeft eeuwig uit. Aldaar zal  .geen  nac:ht            `Gods, met hun bloed moesten bezegelen. Zeker, zij
     zija.                                                            hadden de belofte aangaande den Christus,  doch de
        Daarom moet er dan ook godsdienstoefening zijn.               vervulling bleef  uit, het lag  alles in de toekomst  ver-
     On.ze  .eer, onze ziel zal  eontwaken. Wy hebben de  &em         borgen. En hoe zij ook tuurden en staarden op de
     van God, van  J,ezus, van David gehoord:  Waakt op               beloften, de vervulling  Bwam  rriaar niet. Het was  ,een
     gij die slaapt en  staat  op  u.itit de dooden en Jezus zal      wandelen in het geloof, zonder aanschouwen.
.over U  lichten!                                                         Dali nu hebben Oud en Nieuw Testamentische met
        Zoo gaat men naar de kerk, naar Gods  altaren.                elkander gemeen, dat zij beiden, wandelende in het
        Daar  looft men God ; daar  ervaart men het slot              geloof, den bloeddoop zullen  ondergaan.. De  hiti der
 dvan  dezeq  p&m.  Daar hoort `men die  schoone   al-                vervoyging  is gevoeld  3n de Oude en zal ook in de
     gemeenheden, die een reeks van  schititerende  bijzon-           Nieuwe Bedeeiing moeten doorstaan  worden. In  plaats
     derheden verhalen. Daar is het al de  goedeztierenheden          v a n   mind&  v,ervol'ging  z a l   h e t   voor  hen,  die  i n
     Bn  de. waarheid Gods. Daar  zegt men het  ,duize.nd-            Christus  zijn, toenemen in steeds opklimmende mate.,  :
     malen: Verhef  .U, 0 God, boven de  hemelen!            G. V         Het is dan  oak met het oog op de  Bomende  ver-
                                                                      volgingen, dat de Hebreen  worden gewezen op  bet
                   ATTENTION, CONSISTORIES                            lijden der geloofshelden, zooals  deze de  revue  pas-
        .Classis West, of the Protestant Reformed Churches,           seeren in het elfde hoofdstuk. Maar niet alleen  ob  bet
     Meets Sept. 9, 1942, D. V. Nine o'clock, at Edgerton,            lijden,  doch ook wijst hij hen  `op het  gel,oof, de vaste
     Minnesota.                                                       grond der  dingen die men  hoopt,   en een bewijs der
      .  / . .  `-                  Stated  Clerk M. Gritters         zaken hie men niet niet. `En het was door het geloof,


       474        .,_ ,                                  T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R
                          v
       die wondere gave van Gods souvereine genade,  moge-                   eeuwig zijn zal, tot apenbaring te brengen.            Lieht
       lijk, om vast  $e houden  en getrouw te blijven ten einde             en duisternis, komt in deze beiden tot openbaring. Ge
       toe. Het was een  zi,ch vast houden als ziende den                    hebt hier  bet begin  `van den  grooten strijd, die er zijn
       Onzienlijke, van Wien zij dan ook getuigenis  ont-                    zal tusschen God  ,en Duivel,  ,Chris.tus. en Satan, Kerk
      `vangen,  dait `Hij  Zich  niet schaamt, om hunlieder God              en wereld, verkorenen en verworpen  tienxhen-kinde-
       g&aamd  te  worden.              Van Hem ontving ook Abel             ren.
     getuigenis, dat hij door zijn offerande betoonde  recht-                        En het meest opvallende is,  dat dit  groote conflict
       v a a r d i g   he  z i j n .                                         zich toespitst in  hert offer, dat door die beiden gebracht
            Van Abel  word.t `ons dan ook het volgende  mede-                wordt,.
       g e d e e l d .                                                          De vraag en het antwoord zijn eigenlijk overbodig,
           ,Allereerst, dat zijn offerande een offerande  dies               hoe het kwam, dat de beide  breeders wisten dat  es
       geloofs was. Door het geloof bracht Abel zijn offer.                  geofferd moest  iworden en dat zij als  svanzelf het offer
       Niet  slechts,  dat hij door  bet geloof  .Gods  ofEerde, dat         brachten ?
       natuurijlk  is ook  waar, maar veel meer, dat  ,hij door                 Wisten hoe er een offer gebracht `moest  worden?
       bet brengen  van dat bepaalde offer God  op Zijn Woord                `Heel eenvoudig, zoo meenen we, omdat zij tot een
       geloof,de en dat geloof in het offer uitgedrukt lag.                  gezin  behoor,den, dat den Heere  vreesde. Dat gezin
           Vervolgens, `dat dit offer door hem den Heere  ge-                was de  Kerke Gods en de gemeente van Christus. En
       bracht, van den God Zijner  zaligheid, werd begeerd                   in dat gezin hebben  Vader en Moeder Verbondsmatig
       en de Heere Abel heeft gezegd, dat hij  gerec'hkvaardigd              geleefd en  .hun  kinderen opgeyoed. Zij hebben  ge-
       was. Dat zijn verhouding tot God  was, als die van een                sproken van den staat  ,der rechtheid en den val in
       gerechtvaardige.                                                      zonde. Van de  Verbondsebelofte  en de door God  ge-
           Eindelijk, dat hij, Abel, door het brengen van dat                stelde  antithese.  En hun  Binderen hebben beiden  de
       geloofsoffer, ook  nu nog spreekt. Er gaat ook vandaag                les  a&s het ware zoo geleerd, dat zij die  Ivan buiten
      `nag een getuigenis  uit. van Abels meerdere offerande                 konden opzeggen. Komen zij dan ook tot  jaren van
       tot een  Seder,  .die den `Heere  toebehoorit en tot hen              onderscheid, dan  verwondere het ons niet,  dait zij zelf
       die zonder  gel.oof God meenen te kunnen dienen.                      het offer brengen  aan den God van dat  onaerwijs.
           Abel en Cain.                                                        Beiden immers  offerde?  .Alleen maar, bij den.een
           ,Ge noemt den eenen en  denkt tegelijkertijd  aan den             het offer, dat vrucht is van  eigenwillige  god.sdienst,
       aedere.                                                               bij den  ander het offer, dat door het geloof  werd-  ge-
           Zij stonden ook zoo heel  dicht bij  elkander en  tech            bracht.
       zoo  onmetelijk ver bij  ,elkaar weg.                                     Cain bracht het offer, omdat hij meende  iets  aan
           We noemen hen in een  adem en we  weten, dat  d.eze               CGod te kunnen geven en drukte  daarrhede  uit,  dat  he.t
       beiden niets met elkander  g.emeen hebben. Ja maar,                   hem niet zoo zeer om iets  `van  ,God te  ontvangen te  doen
       zij hebben  tech beiden geofferd ? Zij  waren  tech  bei-             was. Opvoeding in een Christelijk gezin brengt het
       den  zonen' van deli een en denzelfden  Vader en van                  zoo ontzettend ver.
       dezelfde moeder?  ,Ga maar door. Zij  waren  leden  .van                 Abel bracht het offer des geloofs.  l$ti dat geloof
       de  een.e en dezelfde Kerk en zij ontvingen beiden  onder-            lag clan ook in zijn  osfer uitgedrukt.  Het was het
       yijs in de eene en  dezelfde Waarheid en werden zij                   bloedig  off,er, dat  de? bedekking. Het was het offer
       niet door den eenen en  den.zelfden God  onderwezen?,                 vail  belijdenis van zonde en  schuld, oordeel en  doem,
       Abel, maar ook Cain, hebben zij niet beiden de  aller-                maar  -oak van  vergiffen'is door  Irerzoening, het  zich
      b i j z o n d e r s t e   G o d s o p e n b a r i n g   ontv,angen?    vastklemmen  aan de  ,beloften Gods, die in  Christus  ja,
           SAbel diende den Heere, maar was ook Cain  niet                   en Amen zijn.
       alleszins godsdienstig?                                                  Codsdienst was voor Cain een zaak, `die betrekking
           Als ge niet oppast dan komt ge dezelfde  .fout te                 had op  bet. zedelijk leven, dat men  fatsoenlijk moest
     --  maken, die moeder Eva gemaakt heeft en dan is Cain                  zijn, dat de zonde  niet  mooi stond, dat gemaakte fouten
_      "een man  `van den Heere verkregen"  exi  A,bel, nu ja,               moesten  worden hersteld. Dat men  tech vooral ook
      ,die is Abel (naar de beteekenis van  zijn naam  adem-                 aan het opperwezen moest  denken en wat  voor de  zaak
       t,ocht, ijdelheid of broosheid, zwakheid) . Het  ligt er dus          van den godsdienst over  moest hebben.  - Vader en
      maar  aan uit wiens  oogputit  ge die beiden beziet. Daar              moeder  `waren  tech ook  fatsoeiilijke menschen, met  we1
       zit  t,enslci.le  alles ook werkelijk op vast.                        wat bekrompen ideeen,  schoon   we1  goed bedoeld.
           Dan blijft er maar  .een  goed oogpunt over: Het                     Doch in dat  ondertvijs van Adam en Eva had Abel
       oogpnnt Gods.                                s                        God hooren spreken tot hem. Over zijn zonde en Gods
           Maar  ~dan brengt `God de Heere hier al direkt de                 genade, den te  kotieii  st,rijd en de overwinning op dien
       door Hem  gesitelde. antithese tot openbaring,  `zooals die           strijd. Hij, had God hooren spreken en wist dat God
      vlak na den val was afgekondigd. De Heere verliest                     de Waarheid  sprak. En als God tot Zijn kind  spre&kt
      als het ware geen tijd, om het conflict,  dat  `e_r is en              dan  `hoo,rt dat- kind en `luistert nauwkeurig toe, En


                                             T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                              475

I      `de God, Die spreekt,  spreek.t  de Waarheid; Hij kan          van hen, die den  ,eenen onafgebroken  .wollk der  ge-
I      niet liegen, waarom  dali ook, dat kind zijn God  6p zijn      tuigen  vormen.
       Woqrd,  vertrouw,t, schoon  hij het met zijn  natuurlijB           Hoe hij spreekt? Dat  zi&  bleed,  yloeiend tot zegel
       oog niet kan zien en met zijn  natuurlijB  verstand  .niet     des  geloofs,  ook van  u zal  vloeien,  wanneer gij als de
       Ban narekenen.                                                 getronwe getuige  u schaart bij hen, die van de partij
           Zoo nu werden de beide offers gebracht. `De een            des levenden Gods zijn.
       kwam met zijn zonde uitziende naar genade, de andere               En  eindelijk spreekt hij ook  nu nog, doordat wat
       m&t zijn weaken, zijn  vrij,e wil, vrucht van eigenwillige     voor hem slechts belofte was, door  LI  kan  worden
       godsdienst,  g&en  behoefte gevoelende  aan.het zoenbloed      aanschouwd als vervulling. Hij werd in hope, op den
       der verlossing.                                                te komen Christus, zalig.  GSj  wordt zalig door den
           Kon dan ook de strijd uitblijven?  Neen,. immers?          gekomen, den gestorvene en opgestane Heiland.
       Liefelijk  overmanend,  zachtkens begint Abel getuigenis           En van u, zoowel als van Abel is het  waar,  clat
       te geven tegen het offer van  zijn broeder. Vastberaden        daarom God  Zich hunner niet schaamt, om hun God
       gaat hij door  ,en geeft het niet  ,op, om  zich te houden     genaamd te  worden. En  oak, "Want dien de Heere
       aan  deil Wqorde Gods. En Cain  moppert  eerst wat,            liefheeft, kastijdt Hij, en Hij geeselt  .een iegelijken
       trekt de  schpuder pp, gaat straks zijn tegenzin  op-          zoon dien  IHij aanneemt. Indien gij de  ,kastijding   ver-
       kroppen.                                                       ,draagt, zoo gedraagt  zich God  jegens.u als zonen".
           Het wordt erger. De Heere spreekt tot Abel en                                                               w. v.
       geeft aangaande zijn offer-getuigenis. Hij zegt het
       tot Zijn kind, dat Hij Hem liefheeft, dat Hij Zijn God                     -a./_          -
       en uit genade ook zijn Vader is. Abel  heeft  levens--
     - gemeenschap des V&bonds met God en is een  trriend
       van God genaamd. God heeft hem aangenomen en zijn                    Nazism and Makian Socialism
       zonde bedekt, door het bloed dat zal gestort  worden
     voor de  verzoening.  ,Gods uitspraak was, Ik; Ik  delg Mcwxia.n `Socialism                     7
       uit al  uw  o,vertreding en heb u met Mij  verzoend.
       `Heeft de Heere  dat zoo  persoonlijk  tot Abel.gezegd?          Karl `Marx was a  well educated German, the son
       Ons  antwoord  is,  ja, want zoo staat het in den  kekst.      of Jewish parents who had become Christians. He was
           Maar dan moet  tech  oak Cain daarvan  weten? ,exiled from Germany for revolutionary opinions while
       Natuurlijk, zou Abel het voor zijn broeder,. dien hij          a young man and  1Ived almost all his later life in
       liefhad verzwijgen? We  stellen het ons  ?roor, dat  &et       Lo.ndon. It is interesting  ;that almost the only paying
       het zelfgetuigenis Gods in  h:et hart, Abel niet zwijgen       job he ever  had- was writing articles about European
       kon en met vurigheid van geest  &n een onvervaard              poii.tics for the New  Y&k Tribune.
       gemoed tot zijn broeder ging, opdat deze  zich zou               The  so,ciahstic philosophy of Karl Marx may be
       bekeeren en  zich tot den Heere keeren. Maar daar              characterized as historical materialism. All history
       kotit  (`Gen. 4)  da? nog het Goddelijk getuigenis bij.        was viewed by him materialistically. And history to
       Waarom, Cain, zijt gij ontstoken in toorn? Waarom              him is the class-struggle  iwhich  will culminate in a
       luistert gij niet naar het getuigenis  Ivan uw broeder?        class-less world, when communism will be supreme.
       I!k zal, zoo zegt de Heere, niet met twee  maten  meten.       In his earliest stage of development man was  bu;t a
       Als gij Mij  die&, in  den door Mij voorgeschreven weg,        highly developed animal. Private property did not
       z'oo zal ik  u verhoogen,  ,indien niet, de zonde ligt voor    exist. And as  lo.ng as  p&ate property did not exist,
       ,de  cieur.                                                    this man-animal was relatively happy and tame.  But
           Maar de zoedaar kiest altijd voor de zonde tegen           priva.te  property was introduced and  this constitutes
       ,God en tegen Zijn  Talk.                                      the fall of man. For,  khe private property  owners
           En dan moet de uitkomst  worden het` vloeien van           b:came great beasts of  p!ey, who  `desired- nothing
       het bloed van den  rechtvaard.ige,  -die door het  geloof,     less than. to gain  ctintrol over all things, and the  non-
       als gave Gods, door God  gerechtivaardigd  werd..              possessors became a mass of  s!aves -groaning tinder
           En schoon Abel  nu al zoovele duizenden van  jaren         ,&he yoke of oppression.  How@ver, these non-possessors
       gestoryen is, daar spreekt hij nog. Ook vandaag.               could not passively  stibmi$t themseives to  hhis state  ,of
           Hoe, hij  spr,eekt  ?  We1 heel  eenvoudig, dat" zijn      affai.rs. `They rose in rebellion.  .They struggled for
       offkrande niet een verzinsel,  doch naar waarheid was.         freedom. They demanded equality. War broke out,
       God heeft immers  terlaatster instantie deze  offeran-de       a bitter war, a  war which from  -earliest days may be
       gerechtvaardigd  toen Hij  ,de offerande Zijns Zoons           traces through history. In the  ,old Asiatic form of
       heeft  aangeno,men   ?                                         This progress to the socialistic state  ,of things Marx
           Hoe hij spreekt?  We1 heel eenvoudig, dat de  ge-          trades  .through history. In the old Asiatic form of
       meente er op wordt gewezen, Abel staat mede in de  rij         society, at the time of Abraliam, Isaac, and Jacob,


                       -.- ,
  476                                   T H E   S T A N - D A R D   B E A R E R

  the husband was even the absolute owner of wife and             morally degenerate and physically weak. But this is
  children, and could dispense with them according to             the dawn of a new day. For this will be the moment.
  his, sovereign good pleasure.- In the Roman Empire              when the toiling and suffering proletarians of all the
  .we do not  tiee this anymore, but  %he institution of          world will rise as one man, snatch all power and
  slavery flourished. In the Middle Ages  slavery was             wealth away from the hands of their  ,oppressors,  and
  practically abolished, but only to be replaced by  the          take the  con&rol of  tihe world. into their own hands.
  feudalistic state  ,of things, under which the  atenemt Then private property shall be abolished  forever, and
  labored  fior his feudal lord. And, finally, in  otir own       peace and bliss shall reign in the world. It will be the
  time the feudalistic  .state has vanished to make  pla.ce       soci,alistic,  communistii:  millenium.
  for the capitalistic form of society. But this cannot             `Therefore, also according  ,to Marx, no great, bloody
  $e the last stage of historic evolution, for  .the highest      political revolution is necessary to accomplish the
  and most perfect  forti of society has not yet been             change. All  that- will be necessary is  that the gospel
  reached. And; therefore, as inevitably as the Old               of socialism be preached -to all men, The hearts and
  Asiatic form was replaced by the Roman, the Roman               minds of the pedple must be  prepayed for the new
  by the Feudal and the Feudal by the Capitalistic state          and surely coming order.  Religion must be  6lenced
  of things, so inevitable will the present  giive birth          (,does it  not,hea;ch men to be  (content and seek the things    I
  rto the socialistic age in which all private property will      above?),  apd  ati  musit take its place to  satisfjr the
  be  abol,ished and men  shall have all things in common.        desire of man's inmost heart. Meanwhile we must
    The method by which capital exploits labor under              keep' calm and abide the right moment. For the socia-
  capitalism  3s well as the law according to which the. listic state of things will surely constitute  &he climax,
  capitalistic state of  things -will inevitably give birth       the  ulltimate  termination  .of all history and the  con-
  to the  sociallistic form' of society is described by Marx      sumation of all things. T his is  (the  Marxian theory of
  in  .his theory of "surplus `value." This theory implies        evolutionary socialism, socialistic state which will be
 the following. The eventual value- of any commodity,             realized evolutionistically-it will surely come accord-
  he declares, is measured by the amount of labor                 ing to the  ineviitable law of historical evolution.
  necessary to produce it. The workers who actually                  However, it is beyond  evlery doubt that the teach-
 produce the  cowoditi,es  ,however, are paid not for             ings of  Karl, Marx also  .form -the basis of what is known
'  their  full share of  th& production but only a  mini-         as revolutionary socialism, a socialistic state which is
 ,mum wage determined roughly by their subsistence                trealiied in the way of `revolution. For, on  the one hand,
 <requirements.  The capitalist sets the working day at           it seems to me, the  very doctrine of this German
  a  InUmber  ,of hours that will return in the  <market price    phiIosopher lent itself to  r.evolutionary reaction. Was
  of the goods  nlot only the amount of wages paid but            it not his teaching  that government is but an  instr.u-
 a surplus fund as well. This surplus is pocketed by the          ment in  t,he hands of the rich to maintain themselves
  0wner.s of capital  ins the form of  profits,  rent, or         o'ver against the poor-  working man? Would his des-
 interest-the worker, in other words, produces  mor,e in          cription of the rich man's `exploitation of the poor,
 market value than he is paid for. Now, if we sub-                as set  f,ort;lh in this theory of "surplus value", not be
 tract from the real value, the market-price of any               apt to stir up, arouse the emotions of the laboring
 commodiity, that part which  the laborer  receiives for          classes,  .make  th"eir "blood boil"? And, on the other
 his works, the remainder is what Marx calls the                  hand, Karl Marx himself  was a revolutionary, banished
 "surplus value." This  remainder goes to the capitalist.         from three countries because of'revolutionary activity.
 laence, this surplus which  righ,tfully belongs to the           Did he not  pr80claim unto the  proleta&t: Workers of
 labor.er  but is pocketed by the capitalist is therefore         the world, unite ! And, although it is true that he
 stole?  from  ,the working man. Capital, then ,is simply         taught evolutionary  so.cialism, yet he also told the
 an accumulation of money that rightfully  `belongs               working classes that they must be alert and ready to
 to the  WC&king man. Just because of this, however,              make most of the  o,pportunity when the moment  would
 the  capitaist will in  th:e end accomplish his  ,own de-        strike.  Consequ&tly, communism has been -character-
 struction.  I-Ie becomes ever wealthier.  Moreo;v.er,  be-       istically revolutionary  bhus far. This has surely been
 cause of keen competition in the industrial and busi-            true of Russia. Communism is organized Marxism in
 ness world, the  small.er  capitali8t will gradually be          action. Marx has  been the apostle of Russian  Com-
 swallowed up by the  lar.ger  and more powerful,  80             mcmism.
 ithat they  will gradually  .decrease  in. number. This            Briefly, we would summarize Marxism as  follo&s.
 state of affairs must continue awhile, must become               As a political theory it is a description of the class
 still worse. The oppression of the  proletarat   must be-        structure of  soci&y,  in which the political  sta.te ap-
 come  mor,e unbearable. All this will continue until             pears as the ruling instrument of the dominant class.
 but few capitalists will be  lefit. Besides, these few capi-     As an economic theory, it is a criticism of  the capitalist
 talists, having  gro:wn rich in idleness, will have become       mode of production, an explanation of how labor is.  ex-


            ._.  -                        T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                               477

  qloiited by the owners  bf capital, and of how this                of the principle of unconditional connection of  absoluie
  process must inevitably lead to industrial breakdown.              responsibility with absolute authority.
  Marx defines this exploitation by capital of labor                   Moreover, the-Nazi conception of the State is that of
  as "`surplus- value". And as a  revolutionary  program,            the Almighty State,, alongside of which there can be
  it outlines the tactics of class strugggle, leading to the         no  room  for other spheres of authority, that  swal-
  ultima'te overthrow of the capitalist state and the esta-          .lows up all other authority and responsibility, and thus
  blishment of  a socialist society. To all this we may              becomes the-sole power in all the various  .d,omains of
  also  .add that Marxism is international, addresses it-            life, social, `economic, educational,.and  rel+gious. Every
  self without  d,istinction  to all the  wo,rkers  of the world,    form of life  in Germany today is under the absolute
  preaches an era of  univ?rsal  prosperity in which classes         control of the Nazi State.  T&e written and spoken
  will be abolished and  (wherein all men shall share.               word, science  anti art, the press, the  ur!tivers$y,  the
                                                                     theatre and movie, industry and labor are  .strictly
  Nazism                                                   .-        under the control of the  State.  Iit is an essential feature
    What is Nazism?  T,o understand  $he opposition of               of Nazism, therefore, that authority is  iniposed from
  Nazism to  Marxian Socialism we must emphasize two                 .the top, with obedience  ackno.wledgeci unconditionally
  features of Nazism. Inasmuch as both concepts are                  from below.
  equally irreligious and  anti-Christian,  this opposition            In the second place, we must bear in mind the natural
  cannot be explained from a religious point of  Iview.              character of Nazism. According to Hitler, the State
  Besides,  Marxian  Russia is as violently opposed to               is a means to an end. Its end is the preservation and
  the principles of Christianity as is Nazi  Geymany.                promotion of  a_ community of physically and psychically
Henc:e, the religious' views of Nazism need not be                   equal living beings. And"  Hi.tler emphasizes the im-
 . discussed, it -seems to me, in this essay.                        portance of breeding and purifying and preserving
    Of importance is,, in the first place, the Nazi  con-            the pure  ATlyan or Nordic race, for the Nordic or Ger-
  ceptibn of the  state.~  Like Italy, the Nazi state is a           man race is the  noblest and highest, always  .the bearer
  totalitarian unit. Every phase of the individual and               of culture in the world. On its preservation depends
  collective life is  "cd-ordinated" within a  singl,e scheme,       the preservation of culture, the salvation  of the human
  animated by  ? single p&pose, and subjected to a single            race. And this task belongs to the State. There can.
  will-that of the Fuehrer (leader). In Germany today                be no doubt that the center of gravity of the Nazi
  authority is imposed from the top,  with obedience ac-             con  ception lies in the doctrine of German racial  supre-
  knowledged from below.  Econo,mic interests are sub-               mecy. And it is in the German official  program of
  ordinated-to political ends.  Public  opini.on is shaped           anti-Semi,tism that this doctrine  finds it -most severe
  in the official mode and even the findings of science              application. Jews are denounced as the most  dege:lc-
  must conform to approved doctrine. The  &ate as                    rate  ,of races and the apostles of all that Nazism de-
  an organic unity stands above  al1 institutions within             spises, such as pacifism, internationalism, Christianity,
  it and besides this carries the time-less destiny of the           social  equalityp  communism, personal freedom, the .
  G e r m a n   p e o p l e .                                        notion of human  brotherhoo.d,  etc. Consequently, a
    Dictatorship, we know is inseparable  fr.om Nazism.              policy of eradication  `of the Jews has been pursued by
  Hitler's aversion and disdain of Democracy and parlia-             the  go,vernment.  Their personal and  civil rights have
  mentary forms of government is well-kno-wn. The                    been abolished, and segragation into ghettos has been
  ;Gepman fuehrer regards dictatorship as the  ,only sound           decreed for those who remain in the country. The Ger-
  and workable form of government; By this he under-                 man-race is  the  superior race, and to  itall peoples must .
  stands that the people elect  ,one leader, who, after he is        be subject.
_ elected, is not responsible to anyone  ; in whom is                Nazism v. s. Marxian Socialisw~.
  vested all power of the state, whose will is absolute
  and alone the law for all  ; and who, therefore is also               It will now not  bel'difficult to understand the disdain
  the sole responsible head for all  that- is done  &nd oc-          of Nazism  fo,r  Marxian  Socialism.  ,Firstly, Karl Marx
  curs in the State. In his book  "Mmein  Kam.pf" Hitler             was  .a Jew. This  would be probably reason enough in
  gives  cllear  expressi,on  .to these sentiments. In this          itself for Hitler to oppose  the teachings of Karl Marx.
  work  the. German leader speaks of the importance                     I see particularly two reasons why Nazism opposes
  of the person  ,and makes the individual the pillar of the         Marxian  Socialism. In the first place, German Nazism
  entire edifice. In fact, no voting ever takes place in             and  Marxian  Socialism  cer,tainly differ as to the con-
  any chamber  ,or senate. `These are "working institut-             ception of the State. Marxism champions the cause of
  ions and not voting rriachines."  The individual mem-              the people, of the masses, urges the workers of  thp
  ber has an advisory vote but never a deciding one.                 world to  uni.te, views government merely as an instru-
 The  1:2iter is  thk exclusive privilege of the respective          ment  ~of the rich  rt.0 further and maintain their own
  responsible chairman, the Fuehrer.  A&d Hitler speaks              cause.- Marxism and Communism instill into the  hear&


      478                                            T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R

      and minds of men distrust of and opposition  +o those          IGen. 4 tells  L& about two families, the -family of
      who are in authority. Marxism advocates a dictator-            Cain, the murderer, is set  befdre  LIS  in Gen. 4: 11-24,
      ship of the' proletariat,  tea,ches that  .the will of the     while immediately thereupon-begins the register of the
      pedple must `dominate, and  con,sequently  breeds and         .fatiily of Seth. There you have the two families.  The
     fosters  reivolution. Over against this  Nazis,m advocates      family, which under the leadership of Cain has erased
     $he  absol,ute authority of the State  ,which authority,        the name of  God and apostatized from His service and
     moreover,  ,is vested in one man. Nazism proclaims an           on the other side the  family.which under the leadership
     unconditional authority which is' imposed from the top          of Seth knows the Lord and loves Him. The one the
     and  obediehce from below.                                      family of sin, the other the family of grace. Step into
           Secondly, the opposition of  Nazi,sm to  Marxian         the one family and God is absent from their family life
     Socialism mu& be  ,explained  from  theONazi concept De-        tihile  ,the home is cluttered with strange idols, step into
     lative to the dominance of the Nordic or German race. the other home and you find family worship.. And ac-
     Karl Marx taught that human rights are universal, that          cording to the one  p&tern or the other all families  ,even
     all men are  ,equal. He addresses the workers of  the           until this  .day live.
     w,orld. He does not claim superiority  .of the one race           Secondly,  noti,ce the striking contrast between  tilese
     over  aeother. Communism, as advocated by Karl                 two families. The one family, under the leadership of
     Marx, in not national but international.  Be,cause of ~Cain goes out and builds itself a city and called the
     this  Hitler violently opposed  Marxian  Socialism. Hitler      name of  ithat city after the name of a man (who  bath
     in his  booB  "Mein Kampf" repeatedly  .speaks  of inter-      wisdom let him  read his  numbey, it is six-six-six) the
     national Marxism, presents the issue as if Marx taught          city which finally becomes the great Babylon.. The
     universal  equality among men  ,only as in the service of       other family, what does it do, what  d,oes it build,
     his own race. p. p. 5'78, 579.  Nazi.sm is national,  ifi      `what.  do& it perform? . . . .  ., . IT CALLS ON .
     GeEman,  teaches the  supefiority of the German race,          ?`IHE NAME OF THE LORD. Do you see  Itjhe con-
     and the State as means to an end, to serve'the  develop-       trast? The  ,one centers his life and the life of his
     ;ment and preservation of the German race, which only          family around the building of  the sin-and world-city,
     can be the preservation  pf world  cdlture, the salvation      the other centers his life around the worship of the
     pf  man.kind.                                                  Lord. The one systematically denies the name of  lthe
                             .-                         H. V.       Lord and lives  .,as if' there is no God, the other calls
     c.                                                             on the Name of the Lord. The one lives  f,or the  thin>gs
                                                                    which are' bel,ow, the other worships the Name.
                                                                        Thus, in the Book of Beginnings we find the  torigin
                                                                    of family worship and its antithesis.
             _'           Family Worship                                That  the  #godly race not only began but also con-
                                                                    tinued  td worship  the Lord  in the family is evident also
,          The origin of family worship is very beautifully         from subsequent notices. The very name the fathers
     described in Genesis, the book of Beginnings. The              gave their sons  was tin `expression of their worship
     Covenant People were a family and divine worship               of  ihe true God and how highly  [they held that'worship
     was family worship. Hence, as the Book  df Beginnings          in  reqerence. I know there was a great apostacy in
     describes the beginning of heaven  a&d earth, it also          this family worship, an apostacy which culminated in
     depicrts  +he beginning  of that blessed relation of love      the judgrnent of the flood, but within the very Ark we
     between God and His people and that  .is a -relation of        once again find  thhe family in worship. And in Shem's
.  ,worship.  For worship is love in  `action. And  ,there-         line we  ,once more find  Eamily worship. Until  Abr:a-
     f,ore there is  also such a thing as family worship, the       ham appears, who sets up an altar and around it he
     I'ove of God  in the family induces the family to worship,     builds  rthe worship of God  f,or his  family. And God
     where that love is lacking family worship is absent.           says of Abraham that He knows him that he will com-
           The origin of family  worship we find in Gen  4:26,      mand  ,his children and his  househol,d after him and
     when it says : "Then began men to call on the name of          they shall Beep the ways of the Lord. And so on in
     the Lord." On the strength of the Hebrew preposition,          the lives of the families of the patriarchs. How many
     men have contended that this  `verse  should.read  "began      comm%nds Moses also gave anent  the family worship,
     men to call in (by, with) the Name of  the Lord  ; or          hoiw fathers shall  instruelt their children in the fear of
     others said it must be translated "then men began to           the Lord and shall bring  off,erings  and sacrifices, each
     call themselves by  hhe Name of the Lord," but we are          father as head of the  ,family. How Job prays for his
     of the  .opini,on  that the English translation is accurate    chil,dren and how he rises  up  betimes and makes burnt:
     and we  shall let it there as is.                              offerings "according to the number  of them all", and
           That  statem'ent  now  is significant.                   how Joshua exclaims "as fqr me and my house we shall
           First, it is clearly a family which is doing: this.      serve the Lord?`.


                                         T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                479

      That  ,original  family developed into Church. Yet           family can understand and  follo'w and use words which
  within the church  rthat sacred unit shown as the  f:amily       the children also can grasp. The same thing applies
  holds a high and  Ixofty position. The family unit may           in reading the Bible. `The parent is not  read&g for
  not and cannot live apart from- the church, for then             himself, he reads-for the  fiamily and he  mu& so read
  the family  woul,d be like a branch cut loose from the           that the family can get along  wi+h him. He must read
  tree, no matter how many leaves  ilt  have on it, it is          and explain and give the sense  ,of  Ithat which  was read.
  doomed to die  becaus,e it is not attached to the church         In families with little children this brings  LIP  dif-
  and Christ. But. likewise a church must pay close.               ficul,ties, if various of the family have to (have to) eat
  attention  :to the family, for the. church grows family-         at  differenlt times it  al,so brings difficulties, but  witih
  wise and deterioration of family life is as sure to              careful  and. well-planned regulations much can be                    _
  eff,ect  the life of the church as the root-louse  is  bonlld    done to foster family worship even then.
  to effect the plant.  We'-might  even dig up that old              But, finally, I should not  w.ish to confine family wor-
  adage " a chain is as strong as its weakest  link" and           ship to the habitual three-times-a-day service at the
vary it a trifle to read  " a church is as  8trtong   `as its      table.  T,his is a major  pau;t of it, no  cloubt, but this is
  .w.eakest  fiamily".                                             not all of it and neither must we limit it to that. I
      `From these things we may see how  imp'outant                ,would add finally therefore  .that family worship is
  family worship really is and why the church is also              ithis, that the worship of God  be,come the  very  1if.e
  vitally interested in fostering it. An added reason              of  *he family.. Family worship must not be an addenda
  why we champion annual family visitation.                        to an already full book, neither must it be a little diver-
      But now we ought to  pause-a moment and ask our-             sion, variation or interruption to the family life. That
  selves what family  worship really is.         `.                is what  i!t is in many a family. They really live earthly
      In answer  t,o  :this let  Us consider three things.         and carnal, they seek  the things which are below, but
      First, family worship is worship  ,of God in  then           at intervals the family life is-INTERRUPTED a bit
  presence of the family. This *undoubtedly implies that           with some worship.. The interruption is endured with
  the parent (parents)  must conduct this worship public-          varied expressions of impatience and disinterest and
  ly in the  pres6nce of the family. There is a time  fGhat        ithere seems  to be a shout  ,of  relie+when it is all over.
  the parents individually  lyorship God, but there  i,s a         This is not true family worship. For the family  wor-
  time  that the parents must take the family  with.%hem           chip  qught not to be an  i&rruption  or a *variation of
  and go worship God at Bethel. It is sad when families            the  course.of the family  l,ife, but it should be  tt~he very
  live as so many individuals. It is the duty  of. the             essence of the whole. of the family life.  Th,e family
  parenits to bring the family together in the worship  ,of        shou1.d always worship God. The  ,worship  ,of God should
  God.  ;  T:he family head  iS free to choose his methods         characteiize  lthe tenor of life in the home,  ;the things
  of worship, but to  the family worship there will have           which are done in the home, the papers which are  r,ead
  to belong  p.ublic prayer at the table and otherwise,            there, the radio that is heard there, the language that
public reading  L of the Bible and public explanation              is used there and the friends who enter there. The
  thereof. To that could also be added family, singing.            entire world and life-view of  ithe family  s$ould be that
  What  could be  more appropriate then  t,o sing a psalter        o f   w o r s h i p p i n g   ,God.
  number  Iafter the meal? But each is free, provided he              That is family worship.
  acdounts himself bound of God to worship Him family-                It were carelessness not even to ask ourselves in how
  wise.                                                            far our own family life is patterned after it.  It  were
      ,S,econdly, family worship -is worship in which the          recklessness to brings  up  a,,family  which  knolws not  ,the
  family members also take part. I think sometimes that            Lord nor  IHis worship. Rather let us be diligent and
  we  a&e quite guilty on this score. We proceed  <with our        s a y :
  family  ri!tuals without asking ourselves whether  the                       0 come and let  us  worship now,
  family is  worship:ing with  us. It is not enough to wor-                    Before our Maker let us bow.
  ship in public, the family has to be exhorted to join                        We are His sheep and He our God
  in the  worshfp land take part in it. It is not enough                       He feeds our souls in pastures broad.
  for father  `or mother to pray aloud, the family must                                                            M. G.
  pray with them. It is not enough to read the  Scrip-
  tur,es, the rest of the family must read it  wi+h them.
  Itt  is not enough that  thk parents worship God in the          `(I am sorry that. the  folldwing article, which reached
  presence of  the- family, but the family must take part          me in time  for the July issue, escaped my attention,
  in the worship also. This involves various things.               due to  niy being out of town  f,or a while.  Another
  It  .certainly involves that the  par,ents  pray in such a       small article on  "Curren!t  Events,"  intendled for the
  manner that the family can  understaljd and can pray             present issue will appear in the next, D. 6.)
  along.  Tfhe parents must pray in a language which the                                                      T    h     e          Ed,itor.


 `480                            :  !`
                                     THE  S T A N D - A R D   B E A R E R

                                                                  designs which it sought to realize in this  country?
                         Current Events                           Isn't there rather much more reason to believe that
                                                                  ,;those in authority here in the U. S. have changed their
                                                                  attitude toward the communistic menace?
  Our  T i m e s   .,                                                One may well' wonder -what  twill be the end of this
                                                                  alliance !
     It will be conceded by almost everyone that the times        . There seems to be much concern on the part of
 in which we  live are very  significar&  There are many          everyone, including the  C,hri.sttian, about the out-
 things  wifh a view  to which  c&e would rather  .speak          come of this present war. That is only natural. It
 of his "feeling"  &an  ,of his logical and reasonable            is also only natural  that we  desi,re victory for the
 *knowledge. One cannot always lay his finger on the              United Nations. But the  quation will  not be denied:
 exact spot and give a reasonable explanation; never-             w h a t   .then?  W h a t   c a n   t h e   Chunch  e x p e c t   i n   t h e
 theless, the  .general impression which prevails may             future? Are there not many signs which seem to in-
 serve to give one, what may be termed;  "a certain feel-         dicate that the times which we face as Christian people
 ing." Of course our feeling is not  al,ways to  b>  busted       Will be very. trying? No one can deny, for example,
 and impressions are not always true to the existing re-          that the Labor party is  gainling  in strength and  &very
 ality, but that does not take away the  faclt that our feel-     `Christian  knotis that Labor is not  sympa!heti,c but
 ings are  oft.en times well-founded.-So with a view to the       definitely hostile to religion. What, then, will be the
 times in which  we. live, one is perhaps  juabified in say-      result if and  w&hen it gains governmental  contr,ol?
 ing that he  feels  that these are very significant times        Look what  co-mmunism has done to the church in
 IHistory  has also proved  &at it is well nigh  impossib1.e      Russia ! It `may be very comforting for the moment
 for those, who live in a certain period  (of time, to  in-       when threatened by a tiger to have a bear come  al,ong
 t,eillret the true significance of that period as  l,ong as -and chase away the tiger. But what `will "the bear"
 it is present. Its real significance can be reasonably           do when the tiger is gone?
 and logically determined  ,only when it  h.as become a             There 
 thing of the  past..                                                           yen   h.ave but a few  quesiion which arise.
                                                                    Are we perhaps  facin-g a new era? Are we maybe
    To logically demonstrate that these times must be             nearer to the ned, of which Scripture speaks, than we
significant is  no!t extremely difficult. As long as lone         think? Its all very confusing but it adds up to this:
 confines  h-imself to generalities he can point  to  nu.m-         Our times are very  significank!
 ler.ous events and succeed in  bu.ilding   up; quite a case.
 But to define the true significance of the whole period,         Bvowlder Released
 with  a  riasonable  amount of certainty, is an entirely
 ,diff,erent  matter. The `reason  f,or that is undoubtedly         From-`the May 25 issue  <of -TIME,  aweekly news-
 to be found in the fact that events in  !the light of the        magazine, we have clipped the following item.
 present are usually confusing. For example,  hoiw can              `The U.  8. Communist Party, which has had to drop
 .one explain  then  .alliance of the U. S. with Russia?          almost all of  it,s old war cries, had to drop another
 The latter is  n,ationally atheistic, the former is  chrisIt-    one last week. President  R,oosev.clt freed Earl  Bro.w-
 ian, nominally of course-Christian at least to this ex-          der, former General  S,ecretary  lof the C. P., from At-
 tent that it allows freedom of worship. I know,  ithe            lanta penitentiary,  ,after  he had served 14 months of
 fact that there is a common  <enemy  w.ill explain  that         his four-year sentence for passport fraud.
 alliance as far as the  prese_nt is concerned. But that is         His release,  *explained the President,  "w,ould have
 simply utilitarian. Is that the limit of this alliance?          a  .tendency to promote national unity and allay any
 To  definitely  prove that it isn't would  be-rather  d.if-      feelings which may exist"  about Browder's having
 ficult' for me. But I have a  "$eeling."   I have a feeling      been persecuted for his political views. His  Hitler-
 that'that  alliance is an  "octop&' of which one arm             style mustache shaved off,  Ibhinner and grayer than
 is seen while the rest are  slowly  reaching into more           when he started his term, the Kansas born  C,ommunist
 vi,tal  yegions.  To illustrate' what I have in mind, I          seader hopped a train. Out of jail, out of a job, tem-
 seem to remember that it  lwasn't so many pears. ago             porarily  ,ou!t of  .a  cause, Browder went quietly  home
 that it was a question- of  s,ome proportion whether we          to  Y'onkers,  N. Y.'
 as a nation should  recognize.  the new Soviet regime in           We think the article is significant in the light of
 Russia. And even more  recently  t.her@  `was great agi-         iwhat we mentioned above. It seems to me that we
 tation because of the  .un-Amer.ican activities  ,of the         have another indication here of the policy of  appease-
 communistic party, especially in the field of labor.  But        ment which has been adopted toward communistic
 who hears  anything of such things now? Must we con-             Russia. Especially significant is the phrase,  "temper-
elude  thet the communistic party,  w,hich is directed            arily out  ,of a cause." W,e naturally wonder,  ho,w  long
from Russia, has given up- its aims and dismissed its             and then what?.             L..-  -           .                          .


                                          T H E   S T A N D A R D   BEARER                                                 481

Life  Getting Harder In  Germang  ..                               MacA~:thwr's Theology
    From  `(OUR  TIMES" the  f.ollowitig  artiscle, under the         In  The Presbyterian Guardian a certain minister
above heading.                                                     .writes as -follows :
    Louis P.  Lochner, an Associated  Press correspondent             Recently General MacArthur paid his tribute to the
  who has  ~justt come from Germany, lists items from              heroic defenders  .of Bataan  ,in the course of  (which he
 #German newspapers which trace the story of German                said, "To the weeping mothers of its dead I only say
 life since Pearl  Har-bor. Here are a few  ,of citations :        that  th,e. sacrifice  atid halo of Jesus of Nazareth' has
Jan.  7LMerchants   forbidtdfen to display in windows              descended  u$on  ctheir sons and that God -will take them
    .goods not on hand for normal sales. It no longer              Iunto  .Himself." This can only mean that the  Aljied
    was  pyossible to put  ,on a good show.                        Foldiers who died on Bataan "fighting to  the end"
  Jan.  7--Felclkueche,  a one-dish field kitchen meal,            rec,eived the blessing of Jesus and God has now taken
    made  .obligatory  upon all restaurants Mondays and            them to himself. Regardless of what these soldiers may
    T h u r s d a y s .   -                                        have believed about  bhe Bible and  ills-Christ, whether
Jan. 20-Merchants [warned not to make  barter deals                they were  un,believers  or infidels, because they died for
    in an attempt to curb  the  "black markets," where             the American cause their souls are thereby saved and
    goods are bootlegged.,                                         God  has taken them to heaven.
  Jan.  22-Nightly   blacikouts lengthened  !to save  electri-        O!bviously many of the  n,oble dead were Christians,
    d t y .                                                        devout; believers in the Lord Jesus Christ as their
  Jan.' 29-Restaurants  ,brdered   t,o close at  IO p. m..         Savior and Lord. How  comfonting to know they are
  .J:an.  3OaRation  of eggs per month set at two per              with the Savior  they *loved and sought to  s&ve! But
    per,son.                                                       let  us  never beiieve salvation is by works of righteous-
  geb.  l--IHot,els  told they  musit not take guests for          ness  w.liich we have done. In the words of Spurgeon,
    more- than three weeks,  to check the natives who              that is a "criminal doctrine." To say a soldier will go
    moved into  w,arm hotels in cold  weather.                     to heaven as long as he dies fighting `for his country
  Feb. ll-All' fairs canceled.                                     is to preach a gospel which is not a gospel. Though
Feb. 14-Dancing  sorbidden even at  pr+v&e parties.                /we  d,o praise the military genius of General Mac-
  Feb.  19-Rationing   ,of  petr,oleum  begun.                     Arthur and pray for his success in leading  aright
  Feb.  19-In  ceu?tain cities, seats were. removed from           the Allied Forces, we cannot commend his theology,
    streetcars to  makes room for more passengers                  regardless of how  pi.ous and  cotiforting it may appear.
  Feb. 2'7-Butter rations reduced to about two ounces              Salvation is all grace, `<otherwise grace is no more
   `a week.                                                        grace !" "For by grace have ye  be&n saved through
  Feb. 28-The sale of women's hats banned.                         faith; and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God"
s  March- 6-A survey  .of all available truck gardening             (Eph: 2  :S) .
    space ordered.                                                 t The article calls for little  commer+t. It is a good
  March 26-A  neiw slogan: "Plant more vegetables.:'               th.ing to be reminded of the fact that many great  men
 April  15-Persons  over `70 told  Ithey might  hape more          are  greaft only in the  measure of the world. Our  c.oun-
    than  ,onejhalf  pint of milk a day if they gave up            try seems to be strongly addicted to hero *worship. And
    kheir meat allowances.                                         it.isn't hard to drift along with  the stream  of  human-
 April 29-Topcoats rationed.                '  I                   glorification. Credit where credit is due  and to  lthe ex-
    I think most of us were aware, from all  th,e news  re-        tent that it  is. deserved. But let us be on our guard.
 por.ts  we read and hear, that times are difficult in Ger-        The wisdom of the world is foolishness with God.
  many. And if  !bhat is the way it is in Germany, we                 Even in war, God rules!
 may conclude that  it. is twice as bad in, the conquered          Attitude  gnd  Reaction
  countries. We naturally wonder about our relatives
 and  acquaintafices  in, the  Netherl,ahds  ; especially since       The question  ,often arises in the minds of thinking
 we hear so much about  r.ebellion against Nazi  domi-             Christians,: -what attitude must we assume  towand the
 nation there.  Ju& today we read again of the harsh               present world.  conflicrt and the  ,events related to it and
  measures  ,empl,oyed by the Germans in Holland.  1t              also  wh,at must be our reaction?  -Our answer to this
 seems as though  .GeYmany has more trouble with                   question can only be very general. We hope that some-
 Holland than it has with any  .other conquered nation.            time  som"eone will develop  .a `positive answer to this
 And of course, the result is that many are being  pult            and related questions in the  Bbandard  Bearer.  W.e
to death in reprisal, many  ,of which  ar,e undoubtedly            are convinced that our people have need of that.
 iinno.cent of  ,any guilt.                                          iHowever,  in general :
  Let our prayers for  God%  suffering  people  constant-                1. Let us remember that in all the events that
 ~,ly ascend to the throne of  g.race.                             .occur, God is executing His counsel. He rules and  &he
                                                     i .


                                -
 482                                  Y  .TH-E  `ST$N?ARD  B E A R E R

 things that take place  d.o not have  thei? deepest- cause        cause it is  nort as distinctive as they are convinced it
 in  tihe work of men but in  ihe counsel  ,of God.               should be? At any rate an organization of this kind
        2. Let us remember that our times are  no;h  som&         should invite every effort to make it  as- distinctive  as-
 thing new. The  pages of history  rec0r.d similar con-           possible and leave no -effort untried to express itself
 ditions in the past and  Scr&t+re  informs  ~1.1~  of similar    as specifically as possible in  irts constitution and pro-
 conditions yet to come..  ,God has preserved His people          gram of action.
 in  -the past and He  iti.ill preserve rthem in  t,he future.       My contention-has not been, as Mr. Gritter  will also
        3.    Let us bear in mind that the events  which are      >concede, that the C. L. A. lacks every  a-vestige of being
 taking place and `the results which they shall produce,          a Christian organization,  hilt that  irt is not  .distinc-
 defi$tely stand under the signs of the  coming of Christ.        tive enough to gain the full support and to be of real
 In this  1,ight we should not be surprised if conditions         atid lasting value to those who are interested in a de-
 become  math  wor,se for the  Chr.istitin in the future.         finitely Christian labor movement. There are many
        4. Let us become more arid more reconciled  .to the       things in the constitution against which no objection
 faat that we,  2s Christians, stand to lose this  ,earth.        could be raised, but that does not alter the fact  that:.
 But also, let us never forget that through that very             ,other parts of. the constitution are not as specific as
 loss we stand to gain a new  ,earth and eternal  jdy.            they might and should be.
        5.    Finally, let us watch and pray for  grace to be        Thalt was my contention. And that was based on
 faithful as children. of light, to subject ourselves to          the fact that "improvement of labor and industrial con-
 God, to cast  ,our cares upon Him, to trust in Him and           ditions" and the "material interests of its members"
 expect all things from `Him  al,one and to be assured,           receive the emphasis in the article on  "Basis and
 whatever the outcome, that we' ar.e in His hand ; that           Aim."' Even from  [the propaganda literature -of this
 so we may walk by  fairth in the, confidence that ours           organiz.ation  .one cannot fail  to.  r,eceive the impres-
 is the  fvictory now and ultimately in Jesus Christ              sion that the material interests of the workers are
 our Lord.                                                        actually at stake. One leaflet  sets out  as- follows:
                                       H .   D e   W o l f        "Christian Laboring Men, Unite ! If you are a laboring
                                                                  ,man and a Christian,  Ithis is for you. You surely feel
                                                                  lilke doing something to improve your condition and
                                -                                 that of other working men as well. Do you know that
                                                                  the only way to bring about such improvements is by
               Concertiing the C. L. A.                           having  likeminded. persons of your  (type band together ?
                                                                  Without  organizat.ion nothing can  be.  accomplished."
 Dear Mr. Editor,                                                 And reading still further : `"But there are many things
                                                                  you cannot do  al.one. If you wish to help improve labor
   May I express my appreciation to Mr. J.  Gritter  and          terms and conditions ; if you want to  mailitain a fair
 the Rev. A. Petter for responding to my article which            *age scale ; if you want to protect Sunday as a day
 appeared in the Standard Bearer some time ago,                   ,of rest  $or  /the worker; if you  .want to have some in-
 especially  since a discussion of this Bind can prove            fluence when a labor dispute arises  ; if you want to help
 beneficial to those  initerested in a separate labor or-         your  fellow-worker-a&ainst.old age and unemployment;
ganization. But to avoid misunderstanding, I would                if you want  laws  padsed for the protection of your in-
also appreciate  the privilege of answering some of the           terests  and that of your  brother-laboringman-lChen
 criticism that is offered.                                       you must organize." The same sentiments are express-
   Mr.  (Gritter expresses surprise  thatt the C. L. A.           ed in  anotiher  leaflet entitled: Militant Christianity.
should be accused of  nbt being as distinctive as. a              "The Christian Labor Association emphasizes that the
 Christian labor organization should be, especially be-           ilaborer  is worthy of his hire. It demands an honest
 cause they have always  been,  t,old that their  organi-         day's pay  f,or an  hone&  ,day's  ,work.  It demands a
 zati!on is too distinctive, and for that reason most             reasonable  w,orking  day and  not more than six days
workers, even among so-called Christians, are not in-             per week. It  yefuses to work on the Lord's day if
terested in it. Although this very likely is the case,            material gain is the  sole necessity. The C. L. A.  ho&
can he not conceive of the possibility that there are             high the  standiing  of the free workingman. It is  op-
also  Chrlsttian   wor,kers, -(non-Christians would cer-          posed to,  nnd  .readu  to fight  orppression  &I  empBoyers
tainly not support an organization  oZ a  truly Christian         01'  their agents;  ilt is opposed to  .any form  ,of slavery
,character),  who fail to see  thtit there is sufficient          o r   peonage. It demands for the workingman a full
.differ,enoe  in  -the aims and purposes of this  drgani-         sh.are `in the discussion of matters concerning his  re-  -.
zation  and.  the- worldly union, and  ltherefore affiliate       lation to his work and to his employer and a full share
themselves  with a more powerful body? Or even that               in the agrrements under  *tihich he is required  to work.
`there are  ,others who have not  rallibed to its cause  be-      The  C. L. A. insists upon co-operation between em-


                                                               T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R                                                            4 8 3

        players and  employes,  and  in labor  dispytes it  recomi- . workers to enforce compliance with some demand, as
        mends mediation and arbitration. It believes that a                                         for an increase `of wages." Those who  str%ke do not
        better  understand&g of the  intereslts  of the  working- mean to give up  ibheir job to others, but insist on  hold-
        man and of  Ithe interests of- the employer will lead to                                    ing claim to their job and deny  ihat anyone has the
       better relations between both.  In. the exercise of love                                     moral right to take their places. The purpose of the
        based upon justice to all concerned, it means to find the                                   strike is  definite1.y to  exertt pressure upon the employer,
        soluti,on of many ills in the world  ,of labor and in- place him in such a position that, right or wrong, he
        dustry."                                                                                    is  .compelled to yield to the demands  ,of his employees.
           Especially the above statement which I have under- That is nothing less than the  applicalt!ion of  f,orce to
        scored expresses an entirely different sentiment -than                                      gain one's  end,~ and therefore an act of violence and
        that of the Christian  w.ho is not interested, first  qf all,' morally wrong, even  though condoned.by the law.  0
        in `his material welfare,  but in the will. of God, whom                                    If the  c L. A. is actually  ,opposed  to any form of
        h e   s e e k s   .to  s e r v e   w i t h   a l l   h i s   h e a r t   a n d   s o u l    co&cion or force, it should also specifically state  Ithis  _
        ,and strength. Mr. Gritter states that material  in-                                        in its  constitytion or program of action. To maintain
        tereslts  are only  .tirong  .when they become first in  l.ife  d the  word `strike', with `its common connotation, is
        .and crowd  ,out the spiritual things.  Bnt we should                                       dangerous, to say the least.
        not fail to see that material interests do crowd out the                                      In conclusion, let me add that  R,ev. Petter is correct
        s&ritual  thin& as soon as  we begin to- seek them                                          when  he'says   (that  tihe ultimate question is not "whether
         as an end in themselves.  M,atthew  6  :31-34. Therefore                                   iwe shall boost the C. L. A., for personally I believe
        I agree. with Rev. Petter when he states :  "fiowever,                                      that the questions which: we as Christians face are
        then I would  al.so remind the C. L. A. that its bread                                      of such  magnitude that  +he boosting or not  boost&i  of
       -  .is incidental. The bread question is only. a means or a .  tt,he C. L. A. becomes a very small problem-. We may
        sttage by which we seek the kingdom  ,of heaven. God                                        well realize that in so  f.ar as the C. L. A. would in any  - 0
        has' willed to surround us with the bread question in,                                      way be a  competXor  with or a brake upon the anti-
        order that  `we as- moral, rational creatures should                                        christiain unions,  \ve must not put any  itrast in it. At
        make an antithetical choice : Bread  (meaning all the                                       `very best it can be a means to put off for a few years
        natural desires for body and soul) alone, or bread  *only                                   land for a limited number of people the suffering that
        if it is possible in the way of righteousness,; and thus                                    lnusit  iinevitably come over the Christian  flor Christ's
        the bread though legitimate is at the same time value-                                      sa!ke. For we cannot gain victories  by'nutib,&s  dr by
        less as an  ,object in itself." Let a Christian labor or-                                   weight or physical. pressure. The battle will surely be
        ganization  expr,ess  itself. definitely on this point, and                                 a spiritual one when the issue  developes  concretely,
        there can be no dispute, not even in  the future.                                           visibly, as it is, of course, in principle always a spirit-
            My objection to the article  ,011  strikes, quoted from                                 ual one. Although the present practical  aspecrt of the
        "An,Abstract from  &he Constitution of the C.  E.  A."j is                                  problem  revolIves about' the existing C. L. A., some of
       -. not based on the supposition, as  b&h Mr. Gritter and                                     your readers might desire to express their views also
        Rev. Petter  Seem. to think, that  fihe C. I.  A; "also                                     ,on that aspect of the matter.
        jusltifies  vi#ence and other  *evils usually associated with                                                                                  C. H.
        the strike," such as "the sit-down  stri,ke and force-
        ful picketing," but rather that the association justi-
        fies the strike itself as a last resort.
            I cannot conceive of such  a. last resort, just because
        a Christian never resorts to  f.orce or coercion  -to gain
        $is end. If his end is to witness for God's righteous-                                                              Contribution
        ness and  justi.ce in  hhis world, it cannot be gained by                                   Eat.e'emed  E d i t o r :
        force.
            Nor do I  bel.ieve that  Mr.`Gritter  is justified in his                                 May I have a little  &ace in your columns for the
        .mild interpretation of the term "strike." A strike is                                      following,
        not, nor  meant  $0 be, the same a's merely quitting a                                        In the  ,S. B. of June 15 appears an article by  R,ev.
        job and stepping out. Even regardless of the question                                       C.  Hanko on "Separate Chr. Labor Organizations" in
        whither a Christian has the moral  iigl& to quit a  j.ob                                    which he ends by expressing` a desire for frank dis-
        lat any time he sees fit, especially if  ilt involves his                                   cussion.
        ~employer in serious  diff,iculty, a strike is not the same                                   To  this discussion I would like to contribute.
        as quitting. It cannot  &en be considered an organized                                        And since the discussion  r_evolves around the  merits
        refusal to work under  ce@ain conditions. The  &.rifke                                      and demerits of the present C.  L. A., I shall also
        as it is commonly known among  US  ,and as defined in                                       group my remarks around that organization.
        the dictionary is: "the quitting of work by a body  of                                        To  begin with, then, I would  l&e to state  thhat the
                                                                                                                                                  Y
                                                                      .                                                0

I -


          484                                     T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R

          question is not whether we shall  boo&  the C. L. A., for           `There is another Article which I do  noti have at hand,
          personally I beleve that the questions which  `we as              but is quoted by Rev.  Hank0  in,whi& it rejects as
          ,Christians face are'of  .sech magnitude  that the boosting       unlawful  an'd unchristian all violence, all intimidation,
          `or not boosting of the C. L. A. becomes a very small             destruction of-property, unlawful possession, and  s&c-
          problem. We may well realize  Ith& insofar as the                 tions the strike as a last  tiesont.
          C. L. A. would in  ariy way be a  competitor with or a              Here Rev.  Ha&o finds a glaring  contradi'ction  be-
          $rake upon the anti- Christian unions, we must not                tween the first and last part of the article, but- Rev.
          put  any trust in it. At  `very best it can be a means to         IHan'ko has not interpreted correctly, and.  the reason
          pelt off for a few years and for a limited number of              is that he conceived of the  strike as a means of force
          people,  the suffering that must inevitably come over             and  violen&, as he himself expresses it, and he  evi-
          tlie Christian for Christ's sake. For we cannot gain              #dently has in mind the sit-down strike and  forceful-
          vict,ories  by numbers  ,or by the weight of physical             picketing. I know that it is often argued that a mere
          pressure. The battle  wil.1 surely be a  spiriltual one when      leaving of work is  wholly  uneffeative and is not worth
          the issue developes concretely visibly, as it is, of  .course,    while,  but let us not forget that the mere abandoning
          in principle  always a spiritual one.                             of work of a technical craft can bring great distress
            Let this be understood as an introduction;                      upon  bhe employer even though he is at liberty  rCo em-
            Tlhe question may now be asked, what kind  .of a                ploy new men.
          Ilabour union do  ,%e desire and is  Dhe  C.. L. A. such a          But is this  assutiptionvalid? Has the word "strike"
          union.                                                            the fixed implication of  violen'ce and unlawful pos-
            And then we must first  #of all be  v&y objective in our        s e s s i o n ?
          judgment and also. be charitable where  w& find a                   There are two articles in the Anti-Revolntionaire
          jedgment  `difficu1.t to form.                                    StaatkKnde of 1927 and 1933, by, two  ,diEerent authors
n           Then I believe I may see  the  preseilt  Christian-labor        where the  legalilty and  ethiical justification of  stri,kes
          movement as a gesture of spiritual sensitiveness and              is discussed, and while  both maintain the illegality and
          desire  $or  di$inctiireness.                                     the unethical  *of a breech of labor contract, both also
            If it is true that the Christian  Rei. Church from              allow the strike in an extreme  .instance, and while the
          which  most of the members of the C.  .L. A. are drawn,           one considers it strange that the  definiition which he
          offilcially condones the worldly  uni,on, then it is still        finlds in a  ,doctor's  thesis does not -mention  %he point
     . mdre  adniirable  to establish a C. L. A.                            of the retention of a  job during the strike,  Dhe  ,&her
            `(`Could we  n&t have a clear-cut  anticle in our  S; B.,       maintains that : "refusal to work without at the same
          out of the sources, on the stand of the Chr. Ref. Church,         time terminating  (,opzeggen) -of  tihe contract as it
          as to  wherbher that stand is a compromise or weak, or            usually  ha.ppens with strikes," is contrary to the  law
          indefinite, or out-dated ?)                                       of the land.
            Howelvier that may be, the C. L. A., according, to its            This surely is  ,suf%ient to  pr,ove that a strike is not
          constitution,  desires~ to be a specifically  Chriskian  or-      ,so  Iwell defined  hhat it includes per se retention of a
          ganizati:on,  free from all  hhe wickedness of the worldly        job after refusal to work. If, however, we would  in-
          unions. This will appear from a free condensed  ren,der-          cl,ude that -element and thus rigidly exegete the article
          ing of part of its constitution.                                  of the C.  L.  A., we would have to do so in the face
            ART. 2 expresses the  recogniiion- of God as sove-              `of the fact  thalt it condemns all violence, destruction,
          reign and Christ as Lord in every  phase.of  hu.man life,         unlawful jossession, intimidation.
          and  recbgnizes  lhatt  the principles which must regulate          I do not believe  such exegesis is valid, and I believe
          this are found in the Bible the revealed will of God.             we can well conceive of the strike as a leaving of  wor,k,
            ART. 3. asserts the recognitions of duties  an'd pri-           and perhaps peaceable picketing  wi6h the purpose of
          vileges  f'or both employer and employee, corporation             peaceably dissuading others from filling the vacancy.
          and mutual interests and mutual confidence. Violence               But of course this  #does  nat settle the question, of  th&
          againsrt persons or properties  m&t be  cond&mned. In             right of the Christian, for thus we still have the ques-
          the  case of a difference both parties must do all possible       tion and problem  vf force. A thing may be right in one
          to settle in a peace-loving way or arbitration..                  sense and not  r ight in another, or right and wrong by
            ART. 4. states as the purpose of the C. L. A. to                di@eren!t valid  s$andards. It may be legally right and
          establish justice,  .equity,, and fraternity in industry, by      spiritually  iwrong. A peaceable walkout may be per-
          the practical application of Christian principles and             missible before the law but is the Christian justified
          attitudes, and more specifically to advance  bhe material         in using it? Does  tbhe  C&i&an expect true victory that
          and  mdral interests of the laborer,         .                    way? In how far is force  legiltimate  in any trans-
     _      ART. 5. gives a program of action,  Itoo long to tran-          action? Is it force to  wal,k towards the  ,door in order
          scribe, against  which principally no objection can be            to force  the car salesman to drop twenty-five dollars
          m a d e .                                                          from  hi,s- price? We may well look into the question


                                         T H E   STANDARD,BEARE.R                                                                 4 8 5

 "What is force?"  and, when is it legitimate?
   But the problem is still more intricate. Our Christ-                                     Contribution
 ian calling is indeed intricate  .in an intricate creation
 and  world-1if.e.                                                  Esteemed Editor:
   The problem remains whether I may peaceably bring                  The undersigned would appreciate space in this
 pressure  to bear upon a  dispute that my employer                 paper for the purpose of asliing several questions
 has with someone else. Do I know the  situation-suf-               which have perplexed me.
 liciently to judge? Is that not the-domain of the  `{boss"            The questions which I in all seriousness ask are
 rather than mine? I believe that  al,+0 here  otir inter-          .these namely :                                      .`.
 ference can be of  a-  `very limited. nature, being hardly             1. If an institution, be  it company, corporation or,
 more rbhan a very general  testiVmony. Our competency              organization, declares  b&kruptcy,  it is not true  -bhat
 must surely be  wel.1 considered  bef,ore we bind ourselves        an institdtion must under the state law (by whose
to have a spokesman speaking in our name and  med-                  authority they. also.  ,declare bankruptcy) dissolve or
.dling In a  d<omain that belongs  t,o the boss.                    disband and discontinue to do business under their
   There is yet another main question upon which we                 former name and must re-organize or-  re-incorporalte
 lack clarity.  _     .                                             before again commencing  operati,ons  ?
   ~That is the  bread question.                                        2. If such be the case, namely  th+t the statements
   Rev.  Hank0 says: "The C. L. A. establishes as its               in question number one are true, may such a bankrupt
 sole aim' and purpose of the society `to promote the               institution lawfully `delegate  .officers to a gathering
 material and moral interests of its  memberIs'. There              composed of  del.egates  ,of -neighboring institutions
 is nothing  distinctiv'ely  Christian about  /this." But this      who have a  com.mon interest and purpose?
 prsentation by  Rev.  Hanko is not correct. The aim of                 3. Are not  the `delegates of the neighboring  instiitu-
 the  ,s.ocjety is precisely to gain its bread in the man-          tions  duty bound to refuse a seat .and  tvoice to an in-
:- ner that  ,beeomes  Chrisrtians. It plainly states that it       stitution  which has been legally dissolved and which
 wants to be pleasing, to God in the search for bread.              in  cthe eyes of the law has ceased to exist?
 That is very specifically Christian.                                   4.  #Are the answers to  %he above questions also  ap-
   (However, then I would  also remind the C. L. A. that            plicalble if the bankrupt institution' mentioned above
 ?ts bread is incidental.. The  b?ead question is only a            i s   a n   incokporated  c h u r c h ?
 imeans or a  stagelby which we seek  /the kingdom  ,of                                        Respectfully  s u b m i t t e d ,
 heaven. `God has willed to surround us with the bread                                          George E. Ten Elshof.
 question in  ,order that we as moral, rational creatures                                           160 W.  1Obh  St.
 should  ma*ke an  antitlhetic& choice: Bread (meaning              NOTE:
 all -the natural desires' for body and soul alone ; or                I believe that Mr. Ten Elshof should bring these
 bread  on1.y  i.f it is possible in  the. way of righteousness,    questioes before the "institution". to  ,which he refers.
 and thus  t&e bread, though legitimate, is at the same             If he  does not find  sia`tisfaotion  there, he  *could appeal to
 time  valueles as an  o.bject in itself.                           the gathering of neighboring "institutions." Of course,
    But thus also  f,orce, though it may be legitimate,  is- if the "`institution" itself,. which Mr. T. Elshof has in
 also valueless, and then the union as an organization              mind, would want  (to reply and answer some of these
 to  #oppose  by numbers or by bargaining rights  the- questions, we shall be glad to  gibe them space.
 iwordly union is, though legitimate, also valueless- and                                                      The Editor
thus the value of numbers falls away, and it  rembins
 a  brabherhood  `of Christians who seek one another for                  `Tot mijn spijt moest een ander ingezonden stuk
 spiritual encouragement, strenghtening and  guidanlce              wegens gebrek  aan  plaatsrtiimte  bl.ijven liggen tot een
 in the way of suffering for righteousness, and in their            volgende nummer.                                            Red.
Icalling to walk  bef,o?e the world as children of light,
 giving testimony everywhere.
    That is a narrow way and it is a  har,d  *way, but it is
 /t.he way of the heavenly kingdom. From that stand-
 point `I am convinced we must approach the question
 bf a separate Christian labor organization.
                                              Rev. Petter                               WAITI-NG UPON GOD

    N'OTE : The above article  `was  written  bef,ore Rev.                  . Hope in God, ye  wait&g people;
 .Petter  Bnew about Mr.  Gri.tter's article on the same                        Mercies great with Him abound  ;
 subj,ect.                                                                  With the  Lor,d a full redemption,
                                             The Editw                          From the  guilt of sin  is  found,


                                                                                                                                            I

                                                                                                             .-     .-
       486                               !      ;v    flYHE  S T A N D A R D   BEA.RER:  .!

                The Dream As A Medium Of                                      .opens  ; the head also relaxes, and the chin droops on
                                                                              the breast. The limbs  blo'se their, firmness and become
                           . Revelation                             -         flacid. At the same time the incoherent utterances
                                                                              of  the  sle,epy  man betoken vagueness of thought  and.
         ,God is  a-  self-cotiscious,   inteBi,gent, voluntary  -Spir:it,    ,external objects and sounds cease to make an impres-
      possessing and this without limitation and to an in-                    sion  -on- his soul. Wheh sleep, is sufficiently profound
       finite  :de&ree all perfections. He therefore can and                  all. contact  bet:we& the mind of the  sleecer and his
       a1s.o does  reveal1 Himself. This revelation is  twofolcl:             environment is lost and he is  now ready to be led into
       sgeneral  and  --special. The former is that  ctin&ous- a new  world-the world  6f his  .drea,m. It is plain
       and voluntary act of  SGod whereby He makes  Him-                      why God would  &veal the mysteries of the  Vl<ingdom to
       ,self known to all men as their  cr,eator  through. the                .men-to the organs of  reveM.ion-also during their
       medium of creation and providence, in order that men                   sleeping  houTs. Sleep isolates a man from the world
       may glorify Him and, failing in this, be without  ex-                  ,of his waking hours. It -closes his  soul  to the stream
       euse, The latter is that  ,conscious  and  voluntary  act-,of` of impressions flowing in from his surroundings
       God whereby He makes Himself known unto  `His  &opl,e                  through the sense-organs,  sb that in this  sta'te he can
       as their redeemer-God in Christ  Jesns in the pro-                     be wholly occupied in his mind with the communication
       clamation of the Scriptures. General and special  re-                  from above.
.      valation  are both  obj,ective in the first instance.  Ob-                As  to- ordinary dreams, they have their constant
     jective, special revelation is effected through  the;-                   feaytures. First, the images that flit before the mind
       phany, `prophecy, and  the miracle. It  includes that                  of  the dreamer  `are not to be  ,explained  by the action
     r,evelation  which occurs in the consciousness of the                    of external objects upon the sensory organs of sight.
       prophets and the apostles through external and in-                     They-are not to be conceived of as being external  in%
       ternal address, through inspiration, and through the                   pressions  .conveyed  to the soul by  the `avenues of
       dream and the  vision.                                                 these organs. Yet these  i.mages are real in the sense
        The  `subject of  thi`s essay is- the  proph,etic  dream.             that  ,they form the  r,eplica of things objectively exis-
       The qualification  `5prophetic" places this, dream in  a               tent, as when, to illustrate, the dream  image is that of
       class with the mediums  of. revelation and thus sets it                a living friend. The friend exists objectively. Yet
       apart from, the ordinary dream. In treating this sub-                  though he be at our very side when we dream of him,
       ject, I arrange my remarks under the following points :                the image of his likeness  th.at stands  out in our mind
                                                                              is  nqt an  e&ernal,physical impulse transmitted to the
               I   T h e   ok"dinary  dream.                                  sOu1  by the `avenues of the sensory nerves, but a mere
              II  Th& prophetic  .dream                                       d r e a m - i m a g e .
                                                                                 The reason we see at all is  %hat there is thrown
                     a. The prophetic `dreams of  Seriptuie                   upon the retina of the eye a light-image  o$ the  .object
                       ,tabulated.                                            that lies in the line of our vision. This image,  tra-
                     b. The prophetic dream and  the ordinary                 vc.rsing  the neurons as a nervous impulse,  i.s  trans-
                      _  ,dream compared. Their formal resem-                 mltted  :to the soul and the  son1  perceives. What it
                          blances  ; their fundamental differences.           perceives is the light-image that is thrown upon' the
                     c. The prevalence and use of the prophetic               ,eye and that corresponds perfectly to the likeness of
                         dream.                                               the object by whose  a&ion the eye is stimulated. We
         1. The  oadinary  dr.eam. As dreaming occurs in                      `don% see objects as such but what we see is  on,ly
       s&aep, the latter phenomenon  first calls for a bit of                 their images, brought  td  us  .by the light-waves. As to
       a:tt&tion. Sieep  .is a normal condition of the body.                  our hearing, here the external stimulus is `the vibration
       It occurs  p.eriodically.  In this state there- is a greater- in the air,  tehe sound wave. Now the dream-experience
       or less degree of unconsciousness  ,due.to inactivity of               is not the result of such external stimuli. Mark you,
       the nervous system and  *more  particul@y of the brain                 such  stimuli. Fact is that external  stiinuli of  sotie
       and the spinal cord. Sleep makes.. known its approach                  kind does seem to play a large part in many of our
       by a desire for sleep,  ,or sleepiness,  which embraces an             dreams.
       obscure  `gr,oup of sensations that are referred chiefly                  The next `characteristic of ordinary dreams `is that
       to the region of the neck and the  #head. The eyelids                  to the dreamer at  the moment the imagined surround-
       are heavy. There. is yawning and a  dro0pin.g of the                   ings are as  .real and vivid as the actual ones which
       head. The  intrelligence  is obscured, general  sensi- `he perceives with his  .physicaI  eye when awake.
       Lbility and the  special..senses are depressed, and the                   We can close our  eyes and visualize any external
       ,muscular  system  r.elaxes. The half-closed eyelids tend              ,object  i.  e,, set the image of its likeness before our
       more and  mor,e to close; the breathing  ,becomes slower               mind's eye at will. But there is a vast difference as
       and  ,deeper  ; the jawbone relaxes, so that the  mouLh                to vividness and intensity between  such  mental images
                                                         0                                  -


                                     .   TH.&  S T A N . D A R D   B E A R E R                                           4 8 7

  of ours and the light  i.mages of physical sight.  As. mental action  ; and the brain is the organ of  con-
 colmpared with the latter they are devoid of  sub-              sciousness  or mind. Now  it is true that in death the  -.
 stance and are characterized by the vagueness  of two  are disconnected and that nevertheless the soul,
 thought. If  we  now  .consi.der that such  melital images      in this `state; -is, according to  Fcriptur-?.  ctinscious..
~ are not the result of. external  @imuli and that the           May this not  sho'iv that also  in the  &ate of sleep the
  same is true of dream-images and that  yet the latter          soul can do with&t  the. body, in particular without
 `in  d@tinction  `from the former are to  the- dreamer  as      `the brain, as far -as consciousness is concerned? To
 vivid and substantial as the light-images of physical           t.his we can only reply that sleep, though resembling
 sight, we shall see  thait `dreaming truly is a wonderful death, is not death and that thus in sleep the soul,
  and mysterious phenomenon.                                     being, as it is, joined to the body;must, in  `this state,
    Another general' characteristic of dreams is that,           remain dependent on the  body as its  i.nstrument.
 though resembling waking experiences in many  re-                 If dreaming is not purely the functioning of some
 spe.ats, they  never seem exactly to reproduce the order -spiritual faculty, neither  can it  be, conceived of simply
  o?  these experiences. Most of our dreams differ from          `as given off by the various organs during sleep,. thus
  events known to us in waking life, and even those              as a purely physical  phenomenal.
 which most  clo.sely resemble certain segments of this           The  correct doctrine is that  dreaming`involves  both
 1if.e  intrqduce  changes in detail. First of all, there-is     the body and the  Iliad-and. further that the mental and
  a great interruption of the order of `time and  plac'e,        the  $@sical are perfectly  ~dissimilar regions of phe-
 which rules, real  ,objects and  &v&s.   Places separa- nomena,  .which are yet connected  in such a way that
 ted  .by  V& distances-are brought together. Secondly,          the bodily  &vents, the conditions and `the states of the
 .dr&am-fancy exaggerates and intensifies the various            body,  ccLn and often  ,do appear- as the condition of
  aspedts  of  obj8ects, makes  w.hat is large `still larger 0 mental events.
 ,and what  <s beautiful still more beautiful.                     But herewith the question,  JzLst  what are `the. causes
    But dreams also have variable features. In some              of dreams is still `unanswered. A -full  ,expl,anation of
 dreams  ,we  aptpear,  to be' p&ssive spectators of events      dreaming includes. several  el.ements. There is first of
which  w.e do not think to control in any way. In                all  $ negative condition to be taken into account, the
 oth.er dreams  .again  ye seem  to-be lively  alctors in the    suspension of the will. In-  waki,ng  -consciousness the
 scelie.. We talk and move as we are wont to  <do in  our        ego rules. In dreaming the  ,ego becomes receptive and
 waking hours. Then there are dreams in which we                 is the point about which life plays in  .perftict freedom.
 appear as struggling to  seize some  ,gGod or to' avert. But there are also exciting causes of  dream-ilma.ges,
 some threatening evil, yet to be  uti&ble  to  ,execute         wlhich fall into  two  ,classes :- `(1) eeternal and (2)
 our wishes. Dreams also differ as to the degree of  rea-        central stimulation. Among  external stimulations are
 stinableness.                                                   to be noticed  thoBe which  .tirise from the action of
    At all times the -human mind has sought  ,to  .&rive         external  `obj,ects  ,on the  nerve sensations. Researches
 at some explanation. of dreaming. Several theories              show that these may  p:lay an import&t part in dreams.
 have  Steen advanced. Certain it is, that the ordinary          It has been demonstrated that a man can be made to
 dream is a subjective phenomenon dependent on or-               dream about a subject by whispering in his ear. `By
 dinary causes. But our conclusions as to what these             experiments  besring on. this point important results
 causes may be  is largly  determi,ned by the psychological      have been  r.eached. When, for, example, the lips of the
 .principles  on the foundation of which we proceed in           experimenter were -tickled, he dreamt that he was
 our investigation of the phenomenon in question. The            subjected to horrible. tortures, that pitch-plaster was
 right principles are : (1) `The  soul  in distinction from      applied to his face and then  tor,n  Hoff. Sensation of
 the body is a spiritual. substance and thus  not a kind         hearing, smell, and taste  were also followed by appro-
 of refired material. (2) As joined to and ,  pftne-             priate images. This does not militate against the
 trating the body, the soul is- dependent on the body            proposition, expressed in the beginning of this writing,
 as its  rnstrument. (3) Soul and body  form the one             `that one of the  general   characteristics of dreams is
 organism man.                                                   that the  `dream image is not the result of the action  ~02
    It follows then that dreams are not to be regarded           external  ,obj,ects  upon the sensory  neti$es. This remains
 as purely the functioning of some spiritual faculty-not         true, despite what these experiments have demon-
 e:lvolving the body, not  &en `that mass of nerve tissue        strated. External stimulation is at the most  otily one
including  the skull and that forms the brain.                   of  several  ,catises of  (reams. Besides, what  pyedomi-
    If dreaming were, in this sense, a purely spiritual- nates  i:l dreaming is  v&z& imagery and it is `to this
 phenommon,  dn account of the- bodily and the  menta,l          imagery that the apparently contradictory statement
 Iceing two disconnected regions, i-t should have to  bz         has reference. My contention is that  .the visional --
 mai&ined that it indeed could be carried on  c\Pen              imagery of the dream, our dream-images, ark not the
 ,without `the  brain! But- it can't.  For  dreaming is a~. result.of  nomc~Z action of cowesponWg  objects upon


 48s'                                   T H E   S T A N D A R D   B E A R E R

 the sensory nerves of the eye. These  nerees. can; of           As to the  source of our dream-images, here  we are
 course, be artificially stimulated. When `the eye  .3s        to consider that out of the heart are the issues of
 ffigorously rubbed one is likely to see  stars. But this      life. The  klements of the dream-the  dream-m+terials
 iS not normal sight. It  certaillly  remaitis true that       are  pr,es`ent  in our subconscious  $0~11.  And  th.2  dream-
sleep under  .normai circumstances  has  :the effect of        structures are the  wqrk of our  faricy.- When we are
 cutting' off from the the soul the voluntary  motor-          asleep these thought images for some reason or other
 nerves through which it maintains relations `to the           rise before our  c&tsciousness  and group  tl:emselves
 ,outer  w o r l d .                                           to  form: dream-structures  cha?acterized  often by a
   But to continue, among external stimulations are            total want of coherence. On the other  ha:ld, there is
 also to be noticed the condition of  our  muscles  Iduring    also a more or less coherent class of dreams. In spme
 sleep,  tihich somehow convey expressions to the brain        of our dreams a result is  r.eached similar to the pro-
 and  -so influence sleep.                                     ducts of the waking imagination.'
   `Under internal excitations are included  all dream-          But  how did that  dreamlmaterial get there in our
 ideas which  are  ,occasioned by internal  stimuli. It is     soul and  w'here did it come from? It came from the
 likely  that many  dream images are occasioned by the         world around about us and was conveyed to our soul
 exci;tation -of the brain. Yet there are  <dreams-ordi-       by the  tivenues  of the sense  or,gans.
 nary  ,dreams-which cannot' be accounted  f,or in this          The apparent objective  retility, as also the intensity
 ,way, are  -thus not occasioned either. by such internal      of dream imagination is explained in more than one
 or  exteEna1  stimuli. So, after all has been said, and       .way. The absence of any other reality  .to oppose the
 much has been said and  written on this subject, the          ideas which  off,er themselves, is one explanation. Others
 question  &ill remains, Just why. do we dream? And,           explain the reality of dreams through the  su,pension of
Why do we dream  what  we dream? And finally,                  the ordinary action  df  volitioti.
 What is. the source of our  #dream  ideas? We may just        0 Dreaming is  a. mystery as is all phenomenon of life
as well  ask, Why do we think, wben awake? And,                -and of death. We can, in the attempt  tb under-
 Why. do we think  what  `we think? And, What is the &and dreaming, recall our  dreams and subject them to
 source of our ideas? To answer  the second  group of          a careful  mental scrutiny, if the impression which
 questions is largely to answer the  first,group. We think     they have made upon our  soul  endures long  ,enough,
 because we can't stop thinking. I now speak of think-         so that there is opportunity for this.  We can experi-
 ing in the sense of imagining, which consists in  f'orm-      ment with  idreams, as has been done. But having
 ing  mefital pictures.  Y,et the  diff.erence between ima-    tabulated our findings, we shall  still have to confess
 gining, thinking and reasoning is  noit so wide. In the       that we really know so little about dreams. The only
 most  abstr,act  thinking, imagining  plays a large part.     wise and undoubtedly true  tiling we can say about
 Now the mind cannot wholly cease  to be active either         dreams~ is  that God -makes a man  dr.eam, that our
 when we sleep or  when we are awake. Vigor&s and              ,dreams, too, come  fortLout  of the store of His  pro!vi-
 concefltrated thinking,  tb be sure, is voluntary.  At-       dence, and that over them is  supended His  all-embra-
 telitign requires  efi%rt especially when  the-maeter to      cive and sovereign counsel.
 which we must attend is unappealing. But there is                                                         G.. M. 0.
 much  inlvoluntary thinking in our  `wakin& hours. Then                           (To be continued)
 the mind wanders  and thought is scattered. Dreaming
 is involuntary thinking.. When we dream the mind
 wanders and thought is disorganized, though not  al-
 ,ways. Attention, instead of dominating the  thought-
 images that present themselves, is itself dominated
 by them. `The act of attention  is-no longer directed by                               NOTICE
 the will. This  is some kind of answer to the question,
 why we dream.                                          -.        `The  annual meeting of the R. F. P. A. will be held
   As to the question why we dream  what  we dream,            Thursday, September 1'7, at, 7  :45 P. M. Two  boar,d
 consiider that as a  man is, so he thinks, wills, and         members  ,will be chosen from the-following nomination :
,  d.esir#es when awake and so he' dreams  ,when asleep.       A. Wychers, Wm.  Koster, A. Dekker, R. Newhouse.
 `The state of mind and the trend of thought during            Please assist the  .agent who will be their at 7  :15 by
 waking  hours often condition the mental' processes of        paying your membership or subscription fees at this
 t&e spirit in the hours of sleep. The  P'reacher  has         meeting. Rev. H.  iHo&sema will address us with a
 something to say about the' cause and the character -short speech. All member  a?d  subscri.bers  are urgently
 `of dreams. "For a dream  cogeth through the multi-           requested to attend  :this annual meeting and show their
 tude of business," and,  "%or in the multitude of  dreams- interest by  beitig  presefit. Rev-: Jonker and 0. Faber
 t , , there are also divers vanities." (5 : 3,  7).           were  ap,pointed Auditing Committee,             The Board,


